scholarly journals Economic and Global Warming Potential Assessment of Flexible Power Generation with Biogas Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ervin Saracevic ◽  
Daniel Koch ◽  
Bernhard Stuermer ◽  
Bettina Mihalyi ◽  
Angela Miltner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Ghg Mitigation ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Biogas Plants

Demand-oriented power generation by power plants is becoming increasingly important due to the rising share of intermittent power sources in the energy system. Biogas plants can contribute to electricity grid stability through flexible power generation. This work involved conducting an economic and global warming potential (GWP) assessment of power generation with biogas plants that focused on the Austrian biogas sector. Twelve biogas plant configurations with electric rated outputs ranging from 150–750 kW and different input material compositions were investigated. The results from the economic assessment reveal that the required additional payment (premium) to make power generation economically viable ranges from 158.1–217.3 € MWh−1. Further, the GWP of biogas plant setups was analyzed using life cycle assessment. The results range from −0.42 to 0.06 t CO2 eq. MWh−1 and show that the 150 kW plant configurations yield the best outcome regarding GWP. Electricity from biogas in all scenarios outperformed the compared conventional electricity sources within the GWP. Greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation costs were calculated by relating the needed premium to the CO2 eq. saving potential and range from 149.5–674.1 € (t CO2 eq.)−1.

scholarly journals Assessment of Renewable Alternatives to Coal, Based on Their High Heating Value and Global Warming Potential

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
V. Dhivakhar ◽  
Maju Varghese ◽  
Keerthi M. S. ◽  
S. Kaviya
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
Green House Gas ◽  
High Heating

About 40% of the Global Electricity produced is fuelled by coal. Although Coal has various advantages like good High Heating Value, easy availability etc., it also has various disadvantages. Green House Gas Released from Coal Thermal Power Plants is the single major contributor to Global warming. Coal is also nonrenewable. Hence it is important to analyze the viability of potential alternatives and reduce the usage of coal. In this assessment, various potential replacements of coal have been analyzed based on their High heating value (HHV) and their Global Warming Potential. The Global warming Potential (GWP) of the assessed fuels have been calculated by the Respiratory Quotient (RQ) Factor method. Hence a direct comparison between Coal and other replacements based on their HHV and GWP has been performed.

The Ocean as a Renewable Source of Energy

1975 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 897-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. M. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Tidal Power ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Tidal Power Generation ◽  
Power Generation Systems

The oceans and their environment have long been envisioned as renewable sources of energy. It is the purpose of this paper to assess the feasibility of drawing on the sea for power and to determine the extent to which the oceans are likely to serve future energy needs. A review is made of recent U. S. funding levels for the research and development of renewable energy sources during the fiscal years 1971–1975, and a study is made of the technical and environmertal acceptability status of tidal, wind, and sea thermal power generation systems. The estimated costs of these environmental power sources are compared with the prevailing power costs for nuclear and coal plants. On the basis of these comparisons, recommendations are made for a program of research and development culminating in the construction of prototype plants for wind and sea thermal power plants. Tidal power generation is found to be technically feasible but economically uninviting at present.

scholarly journals Green-house gas mitigation capacity of a small scale rural biogas plant calculations for Bangladesh through a general life cycle assessment

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1023-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khondokar M Rahman ◽  
Lynsey Melville ◽  
David Fulford ◽  
SM Imamul Huq
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Potential Saving ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Equivalent

Calculations towards determining the greenhouse gas mitigation capacity of a small-scale biogas plant (3.2 m3 plant) using cow dung in Bangladesh are presented. A general life cycle assessment was used, evaluating key parameters (biogas, methane, construction materials and feedstock demands) to determine the net environmental impact. The global warming potential saving through the use of biogas as a cooking fuel is reduced from 0.40 kg CO2 equivalent to 0.064 kg CO2 equivalent per kilogram of dung. Biomethane used for cooking can contribute towards mitigation of global warming. Prior to utilisation of the global warming potential of methane (from 3.2 m3 biogas plant), the global warming potential is 13 t of carbon dioxide equivalent. This reduced to 2 t as a result of complete combustion of methane. The global warming potential saving of a bioenergy plant across a 20-year life cycle is 217 t of carbon dioxide equivalent, which is 11 t per year. The global warming potential of the resultant digestate is zero and from construction materials is less than 1% of total global warming potential. When the biogas is used as a fuel for cooking, the global warming potential will reduce by 83% compare with the traditional wood biomass cooking system. The total 80 MJ of energy that can be produced from a 3.2 m3 anaerobic digestion plant would replace 1.9 t of fuel wood or 632 kg of kerosene currently used annually in Bangladesh. The digestate can also be used as a nutrient rich fertiliser substituting more costly inorganic fertilisers, with no global warming potential impact.

scholarly journals Generation and Transmission Expansion Planning With Respect to Global Warming Potential

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Schwaeppe ◽  
Albert Moser ◽  
Paolo Paronuzzi ◽  
Michele Monaci
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Planning Model ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Expansion Planning ◽  
Transmission Expansion Planning ◽  
Transmission Expansion ◽  
System Designs ◽  
Future Energy System

As a result of global efforts to reduce greenhouse<br>gas emissions, future energy system designs must be investigated. However, previous studies in integrated generation and transmission expansion planning neglect indirect emissions and therefore the full global warming potential of system designs. We introduce a linear, single-stage integrated expansion planning model with respect to global warming potential of all components. Neglecting indirect emissions underestimates the global warming potential by more than 20% and the total cost by almost 10% in an exemplary showcase. The inclusion of indirect emissions tightens the emission budget and therefore leads to different system designs.

scholarly journals Development of benchmark scenarios for sector coupling in the Italian national energy system for 100% RES supply to power and mobility

2021 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Paolo Colbertaldo ◽  
Giulio Guandalini ◽  
Stefano Campanari
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Vector Model ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Vehicle To Grid ◽  
Energy Flows ◽  
Smart Charging ◽  
Integration Strategies

The urgence of decarbonization has pushed many countries to set ambitious net-zero CO2 emission targets by 2050. This requires a substantial transformation of energy sources, conversion methods, and final uses. This work investigates the structure of the future Italian energy system – in terms of power generation capacity, energy storage, mobility fuel shares – and assesses benchmark scenarios able to reach a fully decarbonized supply in power and transport sectors, considering their long-term evolution. The analysis adopts a multi-node multi-vector model that simulates the year-long energy system behaviour with hourly time resolution and optimizes sizing (installed capacities) and operation (energy flows). The model considers power generation from different sources, electric consumption, and mobility demand for energy vectors, focusing on electricity and hydrogen. The required installed capacities of RES power plants and energy storage systems appear to be extremely high (at least 10x today’s solar PV or more), but in general positively influenced by sector integration strategies and energy vector multiplicity. Energy storage and flexibility solutions are essential, combining battery storage, Power-to-Hydrogen, Power-to-Power, smart charging, and vehicle-to-grid. If capacity installation is limited (e.g., due to land availability), the need to satisfy consumption yields significant import requirements, which also depend upon the mobility mix and the decarbonization targets.

A New Generalized Carbon Exergy Tax: An Effective Rule to Control Global Warming

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 972-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Traverso ◽  
A. F. Massardo ◽  
M. Santarelli ◽  
M. Cali
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Complete Procedure ◽  
Arbitrary Assumption

An instrument for promoting CO2 emission reductions, taking the Kyoto Protocol goal into account, could be the assignment to energy conversion plants of a monetary charge linked to their specific emission intensity, usually called carbon tax. There are two main problems closely connected with this approach: the estimation of the charge (that must be related to the “external” cost associated with CO2 emission) and the choice of the strategy to determine the amount of the imposed charge. In this paper an analytical procedure proposed by the authors and called carbon exergy tax (CET) for the evaluation of CO2 emission externalities is presented. It is based on the thermoeconomic analysis of energy systems, which allows second law losses to be quantified in monetary terms: the resulting cost represents the taxation that is to be applied to the energy system under examination, calculated without any arbitrary assumption. Since the complete procedure of the CET evaluation is too complex to become a feasible instrument of energy policy, hereby, after applying the procedure to some conventional and advanced power plants, gas, oil, and coal-fueled, a new generalized approach, based on the results of the complete CET procedure, is proposed. The generalized CET evaluation requires much less information about the energy system and thus a simple and effective energy policy rule to manage global warming is obtained and available.

scholarly journals Two-step procedure for multi-criteria choice of generating-capacity structure in remote areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 02009
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Nefedov ◽  
Vladislav Shakirov
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Multi Criteria Evaluation ◽  
Generating Capacity ◽  
Power Generation Technology ◽  
Generation Technology ◽  
Capacity Structure

The paper dwells upon the problem of multi-criteria choice of ways to develop generating capacities to supply power to remote consumers. We herein propose a two-step multi-criteria analysis method: choosing promising power-generation technology first, and then specifying the generating-capacity structure. The paper describes the structure of the proposed multi-criteria methods: the interval TOPSIS method for Step 1; for Step 2, an upgraded analytic hierarchy process based on identifying the structure of the decision maker’s preferences. We demonstrate the use of this method with evidence from the Penzhinsky District, Kamchatka Krai. Thermal power plants, hydroelectric power plants, diesel power plants, as well as solar and wind power are analyzed as power sources. Step 1 includes: analyzing the potential power-supply loads in a specific area; formulating alternative power-generation technology; formulating goals and criteria; criterion-based evaluation of alternative options using objective and subjective models; multi-criteria evaluation of alternatives; analyzing the sensitivity of results and the selection of promising technology. Step 2 includes: formulating goals and criteria on the basis of the selected power-generation technologies; formulating the available alternatives; criterion-based evaluation of alternatives; multi-criteria evaluation and final decision-making.

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