scholarly journals Responses of Bacterial Community, Root-Soil Interaction and Tomato Yield to Different Practices in Subsurface Drip Irrigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2338
Author(s):  
Jingwei Wang ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Wenquan Niu
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Soil Bacterial Community ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Relative Abundances ◽  
Soil Bacterial ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Surface Drip Irrigation

The objective of this study was to reveal the regulatory mechanisms underlying the soil bacterial community of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI). The effect of different buried depths of drip tape (0, 10, 20, 30 cm) on the soil bacterial community in a tomato root-zone was investigated using high-throughput technology. Furthermore, the mutual effects of root growth, tomato yield and soil bacterial community were also analyzed to explore the response of root-soil interaction to the buried depth of drip tape. The results indicated that SDI (i.e., 10, 20 and 30 cm buried depths of drip tape) changed the soil bacterial community structure compared to surface drip irrigation (a 0 cm buried depth of drip tape). SDI with a 10 cm buried depth of drip tape significantly reduced the relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes and Planctomycetes, but significantly increased the relative abundances of Actinobacteria, Candidate_division_TM7 and Bacteroidetes. SDI of 20 and 30 cm buried depth significantly decreased the relative abundances of Roteobacteri, Actinobacteria and Planctomycetes, however, increased the relative abundances of Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, Candidate_division_TM7 and especially some trace bacteria (for example Nitrospirae). Furthermore, under 20 cm or 30 cm of buried depth, the abundances of nitrogen metabolism and phosphonate and phosphinate metabolism based on the PICRUSt (Reconstruction of Unobserved States) method were significantly improved as well as soil porosity and root forks at 0-10 cm. These changes strengthened root-soil interaction and improved tomato yield per plant by 22.47% and 19.38% under 20 cm and 30 cm of buried depth, respectively, compared to surface drip irrigation. Therefore, the responses of bacterial community and root-soil interaction to drip tape buried depth of 20 cm and 30 cm are proven to be beneficial for the increasing of tomato production.

Subsurface drip irrigation in raised bed tomato production. II. Soil acidification under current commercial practice

Soil Research ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Stork ◽  
P. H. Jerie ◽  
A. P. L. Callinan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Murray Darling Basin ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Basin Region

The effects of ammonium-based fertilisers on the soil pH of vegetable beds that utilised subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) for commercial tomato production were investigated at field sites in the southern Murray–Darling Basin region (SMDB). The soils at these sites were Vertosols (sites 1, 3, 4, and 5) and a Chromosol (site 2). At site 1, rapid transport and hydrolysis of urea occurred within the 0–90 cm soil layer of vegetable beds after a 6-mm fertigation of 30 kg urea-N/ha during cropping. Soil pH decreased by 0.2–0.4 units in individual 15-cm soil layers up to 90 cm within 12 days after the fertigation. A longer study at site 1 showed that there was severe acidification in topsoil and subsoil by the second consecutive year of SDI cropping. The rate of acidification was highest, at 52 kmol H+/ha.year, immediately beneath the dripline, in the 15–30 cm soil layer. Topsoil and subsoil acidification was also evident in vegetable beds at sites 2, 3, 4, and 5 after 2 consecutive years of tomato cropping using SDI. The results from the 5 sites indicated that acidification under SDI production may be widespread. A survey of 21 other sites in the SMDB under similar production showed that one-third of the sites had soil pH ≤6.0 in their 0–30 cm soil layer. Several soil types were individually represented at acid and alkaline pH levels, by 2 or more sites. This indicated that management practices influenced the change in soil pH for a given soil type. Altogether, the combined results of these studies strongly indicated that surface and subsoil acidification can occur in soils used for intensive SDI production. This may diminish their productivity in the long term.

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGIES ON IRRIGATION SCHEDULING AND PRODUCTION OF ONION

2019 ◽  
pp. 498-504
Author(s):  
Vesela Petrova - Branicheva
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
Irrigation Rate ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Irrigation Technologies ◽  
Surface Drip Irrigation

Fields studies were conducted in 2014-2015 on the territory of the experimental field Chelopechene to IPAZR "N. Poushkarov" on leached cinnamon forest soil. They were examined variants with different irrigation technologies in an optimal and reduced irrigation regime of onion: V1 - mikrosprinkler irrigation equipment - 100% irrigation rate; V2 - subsurface drip irrigation - 100% irrigation rate, V3 - subsurface drip irrigation - 50% irrigation rate; V4 - surface drip irrigation - 100% irrigation rate; V5 - surface drip irrigation - 50% irrigation rate; V6 - non-irrigated option. Reduction the irrigation rates by 50% at surface and subsurface irrigated results in a reduction in yield by 23 and 7%, and can be used when have water deficit.

scholarly journals INTEGRATION OF SUBSURFACE IRRIGATION AND ORGANIC MULCHING WITH DEFICIT IRRIGATION TO INCREASE WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF DRIP IRRIGATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 215-226
Author(s):  
Elnemr Moataz
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Subsurface Drip

This study aimed to integrate the ability of organic mulching (rice straw) and subsurface irrigation with deficit irrigation to save soil moisture content (SMC) and increase water use efficiency (WUE). A field experiment was carried out during 2019 on tomato crop in sandy soil. The variables included four levels of irrigation namely 70, 80, 90, and 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) with three irrigation techniques which were subsurface drip irrigation (SSD), mulched surface drip irrigation (MD), and mulched subsurface drip irrigation (MSSD). The treatments of MSSD showed earlier maturity of tomato crop and longer picking period if compared to MD and SSD treatments. MSSD showed higher ability to save (SMC) than other irrigation techniques. Reduction of applied water from 100 to 70% ETc led to a decrease in tomato yield by 23.32% at MSSD compared to 28.47%, and 26.23% for MD, and SSD respectively. The highest WUE was at MSSD70 with 5.92 kg/m3 while the least was 4.21 kg/m3 with SSD100. The highest benefit/cost ratio was 9.03 with the treatment SSD70 while the highest profit of water unit was 2.19 US$/m3 with MSSD70. MSSD can be used with 90% of ETc without any significant difference in tomato crop while it can be used with 70% ETc to obtain higher WUE. The study recommended integrating rice straw mulching and subsurface drip irrigation with deficit irrigation as a strategy to save irrigation water and obtain the maximum possible benefits of water unit whether related to tomato yield or its revenue.

scholarly journals PRODUTIVIDADE DA ALFACE (Lactuca sativa L.) EM FUNÇÃO DOS VALORES DE LÂMINAS DE ÁGUA APLICADOS POR GOTEJAMENTO SUPERFICIAL E SUBSUPERFICIAL

Irriga ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Eder Pereira Gomes ◽  
Antonio De Pádua Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Water Rates ◽  
Water Rate ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Equipment Lifetime ◽  
Surface Drip Irrigation

PRODUTIVIDADE DA ALFACE (Lactuca sativa L.) EM FUNÇÃO DOS VALORES DE LÂMINAS DE ÁGUA APLICADOS POR GOTEJAMENTO SUPERFICIAL E SUBSUPERFICIAL   Eder Pereira GomesAntônio de Pádua SousaDepto de Engenharia Rural , FCA/UNESP, CP. 237-,CEP 18603-970 – Botucatu,SP E-mail: [email protected]   1 RESUMO   A cultura da alface é extremamente exigente em água, sendo bastante recomendável a utilização de irrigação por gotejamento, pois neste método é mais fácil se controlar o teor de água no solo próximo a capacidade de campo.Com a evolução das características hidráulicas dos emissores, vem se intensificando cada vez mais o uso do gotejamento abaixo da superfície do solo (gotejamento subsuperficial), com a alegação de se obter algumas vantagens sobre a forma tradicional (gotejamento superficial), como por exemplo a possibilidade de maior vida útil do equipamento e maior eficiência de uso da água. Almejando esta segunda possibilidade, buscou-se no presente trabalho comparar parâmetros de produtividade  da cultura da alface submetida a diferentes lâminas de irrigação através de gotejamento superficial e subsuperficial.A alface foi cultivada em um túnel alto, na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel, da Faculdade Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu, localizada no município de São Manuel.Instalou-se no centro do túnel um tanque Classe A que serviu de base para reposição das lâminas de irrigação. Estas lâminas foram equivalentes a 25%, 50%, 75% e 100% da evaporação do tanque Classe A no intervalo entre duas irrigações, que foi igual a três dias.Entre os parâmetros estudados, as duas menores lâminas de irrigação (25% e 50%)  responderam  melhor ao gotejamento subsuperficial. Os melhores resultados obtidos,  tanto no gotejamento superficial como no subsuperficial, se deu através do manejo que utilizou uma reposição de lâmina igual a 100% da evaporação do tanque Classe A.  UNITERMOS: Lâminas de irrigação, gotejamento subsuperficial, alface   GOMES, E. P., SOUSA, A. P.  LETTUCE  YELD (Lactuca sativa L.) UNDER DIFFERENT WATER RATES APPLIED THROUGH SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMS.   2 ABSTRACT              Lettuce is a highly water demanding crop making drip irrigation strongly recommended in order to keep soil water content close to its field capacity.            Considering the development of the emitter hydraulic characteristics, drip irrigation under soil surface (subsurface drip irrigation) has been widely used aiming to take some advantages over the conventional method (surface drip irrigation) such as the possibility of extending the equipment lifetime. Focusing on efficient water using, this work aimed to compare  lettuce crop yield and  development parameters   under different water rates applied through subsurface and surface drip irrigation systems.            Lettuce was grown in a high plastic tunnel at the Experimental Farm in São Manuel city, Agricultural Science College, UNESP, campus of Botucatu.            An A – class evaporation tank was set up in the center of the tunnel in order to estimate water rate reposition.Water rates were about 25%, 50% and 100% tank evaporation in a 3-day interval .            Considering the studied parameters the two lowest water rates (25% and 50%)  presented  the best response to subsurface drip irrigation.            Best results were obtained for both surface and subsurface drip irrigation when water rate reposition was performed at 100% A-class tank evaporation.            KEYWORDS: lettuce, subsurface drip irrigation, water rates

scholarly journals Bacterial Community in Soils Following Century-Long Application of Organic or Inorganic Fertilizers under Continuous Winter Wheat Cultivation

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1497
Author(s):  
Xiufen Li ◽  
Shiping Deng ◽  
William R. Raun ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Ying Teng
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Bacterial Community Structure ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Soil Bacterial Community ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Relative Abundances ◽  
Soil Bacterial

Fertilization is one of the most common agricultural practices to achieve high yield. Although microbes play a critical role in nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition, knowledge of the long-term responses of the soil bacterial community to organic and inorganic fertilizers is still limited. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of century-long organic (manure), inorganic (NPK), and no fertilization (control) treatments on soil bacterial community structure under continuous winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivation. Fertilization treatments altered the richness, diversity and composition of the soil bacterial community. Compared with the control, manure significantly increased the operational taxonomic units (OTUs), Chao 1 and Shannon indices, and taxonomic groups, while NPK significantly decreased these parameters. Fertilization treatments did not alter the types of dominant phyla but did significantly affect their relative abundances. Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria were the most dominant phyla in all treatments. Manure led to enrichment of most phyla, with a diazotrophic group, Cyanobacteria, being an exception; NPK reduced most phyla, but enriched Chloroflexi; control led to promotion of Cyanobacteria. Soil pH and NO3− were two dominant parameters influencing the bacterial community structure. Soil pH positively correlated with the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes but negatively correlated with those of Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi; NO3− negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria, which was 14–52 times higher in control than the fertilized soils. Cyanobacteria, especially M. paludosus and L. appalachiana, could be the key players in maintaining wheat productivity in the century-long unfertilized control.

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