Natural Assurance Schemes Canvas: A Framework to Develop Business Models for Nature-Based Solutions Aimed at Disaster Risk Reduction

Nature-based solutions (NBS) are increasingly being promoted because they can solve different pursued aims together with providing an additional array of multiple ecosystem services or co-benefits. Nevertheless, their implementation is still being curbed by several barriers, for example, a lack of examples, a lack of finance, and a lack of business cases. Therefore, there is an urgent need to facilitate the construction of business models and business cases that identify the elements required to capture value. These are necessary to catalyze investments for the implementation of NBS. This article presents a tool called a Natural Assurance Schemes (NAS) canvas and explains how it can be applied to identify business models for NBS strategies providing climate adaptation services, showing an eye-shot summary of critical information to attract funding. The framework is applied in three case studies covering different contexts, scales, and climate-related risks (floods and droughts). Finally, a reflective analysis is done, comparing the tool with other similar approaches while highlighting the differential characteristics that define the usefulness, replicability, and flexibility of the tool for the target users, namely policymakers, developers, scientists, or entrepreneurs aiming to promote and implement NAS and NBS projects.

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Advantages of the Open Levee (Kasumi-Tei), a Traditional Japanese River Technology on the Matsuura River, from an Ecosystem-Based Disaster Risk Reduction Perspective

Water ◽

10.3390/w13040480 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 480

Author(s):

Jun Teramura ◽

Yukihiro Shimatani

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Risk Reduction ◽

Case Studies ◽

Forest Fires ◽

Disaster Risk Reduction ◽

Flood Control ◽

Large Scale ◽

Flood Plain ◽

Disaster Risk ◽

Substantial Cost

Large-scale disasters, such as hurricanes, cyclones, tsunamis, and forest fires, have caused considerable damage in recent years. This study investigated two case studies of discontinuous open levees (kasumi-tei), which are a traditional Japanese river technology, on the Matsuura River at the sites of Okawano and Azame-no-se, and evaluated the advantages of these levees from the perspective of ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction (Eco-DRR). These case studies were conducted through literature surveys, flood observations, and oral interviews. The systems in both the cases were flood control systems utilizing ecosystem services. The traditional river technology (the flood plain open levee) served as an effective Eco-DRR in both cases. Additionally, the flood plain levee technology enhanced the ecosystem services at both sites, including not only flood control capabilities, but also other ecosystem services. Furthermore, the open levees offered substantial cost advantages over their alternatives. These results suggest that other traditional Japanese river technologies may also be effective in strengthening Eco-DRR.

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Inclusion And Empowerment Of Vulnerable Groups In Disaster Risk Reduction (Case Studies From Developing Countries)

SOCIAL MENTALITY AND RESEARCHER THINKERS JOURNAL ◽

10.31576/smryj.310 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (20) ◽

pp. 977-986

Author(s):

Afsheen ZEESHAN

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Risk Reduction ◽

Case Studies ◽

Disaster Risk Reduction ◽

Disaster Risk ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Reduction Case

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HOW CAN WE TRANSFER SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE TO CITIZENS FOR DISASTER RISK REDUCTION? : CASE STUDIES FROM MEGA-EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI MONITORING RESEARCHES

10.1130/abs/2017am-300444 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Hiroshi Kitazato ◽

◽

Akihiro Kijima ◽

Kazuhiro Kogure ◽

Katsunori Fujikura

Keyword(s):

Risk Reduction ◽

Case Studies ◽

Scientific Knowledge ◽

Disaster Risk Reduction ◽

Disaster Risk ◽

Reduction Case

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A review of public acceptance of nature-based solutions: The ‘why’, ‘when’, and ‘how’ of success for disaster risk reduction measures

AMBIO ◽

10.1007/s13280-021-01502-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carl C. Anderson ◽

Fabrice G. Renaud

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Risk Perception ◽

Risk Reduction ◽

Disaster Risk Reduction ◽

Disaster Risk ◽

Public Acceptance ◽

Societal Challenges ◽

Increasing Trend ◽

Risk Reduction Measures

AbstractNature-based solutions (NbS) are increasingly recognized as sustainable approaches to address societal challenges. Disaster risk reduction (DRR) has benefited by moving away from purely ‘grey’ infrastructure measures towards NbS. However, this shift also furthers an increasing trend of reliance on public acceptance to plan, implement and manage DRR measures. In this review, we examine how unique NbS characteristics relate to public acceptance through a comparison with grey measures, and we identify influential acceptance factors related to individuals, society, and DRR measures. Based on the review, we introduce the PA-NbS model that highlights the role of risk perception, trust, competing societal interests, and ecosystem services. Efforts to increase acceptance should focus on providing and promoting awareness of benefits combined with effective communication and collaboration. Further research is required to understand interconnections among identified factors and how they can be leveraged for the success and further uptake of NbS.

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Health Workforce Development in Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management: The Need for Evidence-Based Recommendations

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18073382 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 3382

Author(s):

Kevin K. C. Hung ◽

Sonoe Mashino ◽

Emily Y. Y. Chan ◽

Makiko K. MacDermot ◽

Satchit Balsari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Management ◽

Risk Reduction ◽

Case Studies ◽

Workforce Development ◽

Health Workforce ◽

Disaster Risk Reduction ◽

Disaster Risk ◽

Disaster Risk Management ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Literature Reviews

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 placed human health at the centre of disaster risk reduction, calling for the global community to enhance local and national health emergency and disaster risk management (Health EDRM). The Health EDRM Framework, published in 2019, describes the functions required for comprehensive disaster risk management across prevention, preparedness, readiness, response, and recovery to improve the resilience and health security of communities, countries, and health systems. Evidence-based Health EDRM workforce development is vital. However, there are still significant gaps in the evidence identifying common competencies for training and education programmes, and the clarification of strategies for workforce retention, motivation, deployment, and coordination. Initiated in June 2020, this project includes literature reviews, case studies, and an expert consensus (modified Delphi) study. Literature reviews in English, Japanese, and Chinese aim to identify research gaps and explore core competencies for Health EDRM workforce training. Thirteen Health EDRM related case studies from six WHO regions will illustrate best practices (and pitfalls) and inform the consensus study. Consensus will be sought from global experts in emergency and disaster medicine, nursing, public health and related disciplines. Recommendations for developing effective health workforce strategies for low- and middle-income countries and high-income countries will then be disseminated.

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Navigating complexity through knowledge coproduction: Mainstreaming ecosystem services into disaster risk reduction

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1414374112 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 112 (24) ◽

pp. 7362-7368 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Belinda Reyers ◽

Jeanne L. Nel ◽

Patrick J. O’Farrell ◽

Nadia Sitas ◽

Deon C. Nel

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Risk Reduction ◽

Disaster Risk Reduction ◽

Disaster Risk ◽

Shared Knowledge ◽

Policy And Practice ◽

Social Ecological Systems ◽

Systems Research ◽

Storm Waves ◽

Private And Public

Achieving the policy and practice shifts needed to secure ecosystem services is hampered by the inherent complexities of ecosystem services and their management. Methods for the participatory production and exchange of knowledge offer an avenue to navigate this complexity together with the beneficiaries and managers of ecosystem services. We develop and apply a knowledge coproduction approach based on social–ecological systems research and assess its utility in generating shared knowledge and action for ecosystem services. The approach was piloted in South Africa across four case studies aimed at reducing the risk of disasters associated with floods, wildfires, storm waves, and droughts. Different configurations of stakeholders (knowledge brokers, assessment teams, implementers, and bridging agents) were involved in collaboratively designing each study, generating and exchanging knowledge, and planning for implementation. The approach proved useful in the development of shared knowledge on the sizable contribution of ecosystem services to disaster risk reduction. This knowledge was used by stakeholders to design and implement several actions to enhance ecosystem services, including new investments in ecosystem restoration, institutional changes in the private and public sector, and innovative partnerships of science, practice, and policy. By bringing together multiple disciplines, sectors, and stakeholders to jointly produce the knowledge needed to understand and manage a complex system, knowledge coproduction approaches offer an effective avenue for the improved integration of ecosystem services into decision making.

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The Relationship between Human Rights and Disaster Risk Reduction Revisited: Bringing the Legal Perspective into the Discussion

Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies ◽

10.1163/18781527-00601005 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 64-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Karen da Costa ◽

Paulina Pospieszna

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Risk Reduction ◽

Case Studies ◽

Disaster Risk Reduction ◽

Disaster Risk ◽

Community Empowerment ◽

International Human Rights ◽

Legal Provisions ◽

International Human ◽

Human Rights Based Approach

This paper explores the link between human rights and disaster risk reduction. We revisit the notion of a human rights-based approach in the context of natural disasters, analyzing how this concept may contribute to greater accountability and empowerment of those involved in disaster risk reduction. To better understand the processes of empowering rights holders and holding duty bearers into account we adopt legal analytical lenses. By doing so we review four country case studies and their main regulations on disaster risk reduction, taking into account the extent to which they adopt a human rights-based approach. We argue that countries whose legal frameworks allow for community engagement point towards greater community empowerment. Similarly, countries whose legal provisions make possible for holding States accountable for their underperformance in disaster situations suggest greater levels of accountability. We also consider key international human rights instruments binding the four case studies in order to analyze whether and to what extent international human rights obligations may support advocacy and accountability in disaster risk reduction. Based on the analysis of these case studies we consider that empowerment and accountability processes in drr can reinforce each other, and that human rights may contribute to progress in these areas.

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