scholarly journals Working towards Sustainable Innovation for Green Waste Benefits: The Role of Awareness of Consequences in the Adoption of Shaded Cocoa Agroforestry in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1453
Author(s):  
Fred A. Yamoah ◽  
James S. Kaba ◽  
David Botchie ◽  
Joseph Amankwah-Amoah
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Diffusion Of Information ◽  
Efficient Diffusion ◽  
Cocoa Agroforestry ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Cocoa Farm ◽  
Cocoa Farmers

Drawing on the awareness of consequence literature, this paper unpacks how the awareness of the consequences of full-sun cocoa production can encourage farmers to adopt shaded cocoa agroforestry that preserves the land and favours better cocoa farm waste management. Using Ghana as a case study, the paper provides distinctive insights on how shaded cocoa agroforestry systems provide sustainable yields in the medium- to long-term, relative to unshaded systems. We also find that cocoa farmers’ awareness of consequences about the effects of undertaking unshaded cocoa production could make individual farmers exhibit pro-environmental behaviour, leading to the adoption of cocoa agroforestry systems that help preserve soil fertility and improve waste management. We recommend that the utilization of awareness of consequence protocols, coupled with the efficient diffusion of information on the benefits of agroforestry in terms of waste management and environmental improvements to the cocoa farmers, could increase the adoption of shaded cocoa production regimes in Ghana.

Rehabilitation practices that shape cocoa agroforestry systems in Central Cameroon: key management strategies for long-term exploitation

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 1185-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Jagoret ◽  
Didier Snoeck ◽  
Emmanuel Bouambi ◽  
Hervé Todem Ngnogue ◽  
Salomon Nyassé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Cocoa Agroforestry

scholarly journals COCOA AND TOTAL SYSTEM YIELDS OF ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL AGROFORESTRY VS. MONOCULTURE SYSTEMS IN A LONG-TERM FIELD TRIAL IN BOLIVIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. SCHNEIDER ◽  
C. ANDRES ◽  
G. TRUJILLO ◽  
F. ALCON ◽  
P. AMURRIO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Trial ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Total System ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Faster Development ◽  
Term Field

SUMMARYCocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is produced in systems of varying complexity ranging from monoculture with temporary shade to highly diverse agroforests. Producers have to weigh high cocoa yields in the short to medium term in monocultures against higher total system yields in the short term and sustainable production systems in the long term in conjunction with ecosystem services in agroforestry systems (AFs). More long-term data on the comparative agronomic, economic and ecological performance of differently managed cocoa production systems is required to make sound recommendations to farmers. This paper describes the only long-term field trial worldwide comparing different cocoa production systems under conventional and organic management. The factors (i) crop diversity (monoculture vs. agroforestry), (ii) management practice (conventional vs. organic) and (iii) cultivar are being tested in a full-factorial, randomized complete block design with four replications. First, results showed significantly faster development of trunk circumferences in monocultures (+21%) compared to AFs. Cocoa yields were 47% lower in the organic compared to the conventional monoculture. In the AFs, however, the organic–conventional yield gap was less pronounced (−16%) and statistically insignificant. The cumulative yields of all products harvested were significantly higher in the AFs (+161%) compared to the monocultures. The productivity of cocoa by-crops in AFs may contribute to local food security and risk distribution in smallholder contexts.

scholarly journals Cocoa agroforestry systems in Africa – the art of reconciling sustainable production and ecological services

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Patrick Jagoret ◽  
Stéphane Saj ◽  
Aurélie Carimentrand
Keyword(s):  
Crop Protection ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Ecological Services ◽  
Cocoa Agroforestry ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Indicator Measurement ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Technical Recommendations

Combining mixed trees with cocoa trees in so-called cocoa agroforestry systems is emerging as a viable option for regenerating cocoa cropping in Africa. Pure cocoa crop stands currently prevail in these areas but are running out of steam. Technical solutions are therefore urgently needed to stabilize cocoa-growing areas, reduce pressure on forests and adapt to climate change. A balance can be struck in stands by combining cocoa trees with diverse trees chosen by farmers for their different uses, while maintaining a suitable and sustainable cocoa yield. Ecological services such as carbon storage and crop protection are co-benefits of this balance. Recent research in Cameroon highlights that cocoa agroforestry stands can be managed using a straightforward indicator—measurement of the basal area of cocoa trees and associated trees. This indicator could be adopted for sustainable cocoa production certification purposes, while the observed convergence between local know-how and scientific results could facilitate joint drawing up of technical recommendations.

The role of cocoa agroforestry systems in conserving forest tree diversity in the Central region of Cameroon

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marguerite Marie Abada Mbolo ◽  
Jules Christian Zekeng ◽  
William Armand Mala ◽  
Jean Louis Fobane ◽  
Cedric Djomo Chimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Tree Diversity ◽  
Cocoa Agroforestry

scholarly journals Electronic Waste in China, Japan, and Vietnam: A Comparative Analysis of Waste Management Strategies

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Ignatuschtschenko
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Practice Model ◽  
National Characteristics ◽  
Management Approaches

Abstract This paper comparatively analyses the e-waste sector in China, Japan, and Vietnam by examining progress towards the international best practice model of Integrated Sustainable Waste Management (ISWM) within each country. Through three distinct, yet interdependent dimensions of ISWM (stakeholders, waste system elements, and sustainability aspects), similarities and differences between the three East Asian countries are identified. The analysis shows that the e-waste management approaches differ substantially. The Vietnamese e-waste management approach is least consistent with the ISWM framework, while Japan complies the most with the ideals of the model and Chinese progress towards ISWM is mostly located between the two countries. However, a substantial proportion of Japanese e-waste is exported to developing countries in an uncontrolled manner. The analysis further suggests that the state of development and national characteristics have a significant impact on how the three countries approach e-waste management. In particular, the central role of the informal e-waste sectors in China and Vietnam poses a challenge to the establishment of an effective integrated sustainable e-waste management system. In light of the transnational flow of e-waste in the region, only joint actions will lead to long-term solutions to the increasing threat of e-waste to the environment and human health.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS IN TRADITIONAL LANDFILLING AND PROPOSALS FOR SOLUTIONS BASED ON SUSTAINABILITY

Detritus ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 78-91
Author(s):  
Valentina Grossule ◽  
Rainer Stegmann
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Storage Quality ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Long Term Behavior ◽  
Technical Measures

In recent years, the Circular Economy has become the key lynchpin underlying the waste management system. However, the emphasis placed on recycling has led, on one hand, to an underestimation of the critical issues that are currently emerging so dramatically (i.e. limited recyclability of materials, instability of markets for secondary raw materials, and accumulation of contaminants present in the recycled materials), whilst on the other to neglect the inescapable role of landfill in waste management. In many cases, landfills are seen as a simple and economical means of disposing of waste, and from a political, legislative and technical viewpoint they are frequently denied the attention devoted to other engineering works, lacking adequate financial investment to cover the costs required to ensure a sustainable landfill system. Landfill should be designed and constructed in line with the principle of environmental sustainability, by adopting technical measures aimed at guaranteeing waste stability and immobilisation of contaminants over a period of less than one generation and ensuring a Final Storage Quality in equilibrium with the environment. This article summarises the concept of sustainable landfilling, identifies the technical strategies that characterise this system, describes the critical issues frequently encountered after decades of operation and proposes a series of solutions aimed to control long-term behavior.

scholarly journals Long-term dynamics of cocoa agroforestry systems established on lands previously occupied by savannah or forests

2019 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 100-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarijn Nijmeijer ◽  
Pierre-Eric Lauri ◽  
Jean-Michel Harmand ◽  
Gregoire T. Freschet ◽  
Jean-Daniel Essobo Nieboukaho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Cocoa Agroforestry

scholarly journals Exploring the Dialogical Space of Hybrid Forums: The “Predictably Unpredictable” Case of Radioactive Waste Management in Denmark, 2003-2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 4-18
Author(s):  
Rosa Nan Leunbach ◽  
Kristian H. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Radioactive Waste Management ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Hybrid Forums

Denmark was once at the forefront of nuclear research, operating three experimental nuclear reactors at the research facility at Risø, close to Copenhagen. However, the 1985 resolution of the Danish Parliament excluded nuclear power from the national energy mix. In 2003, the Parliament passed a resolution on the decommissioning of the nuclear facility at Risø, including plans for establishing a permanent solution for radioactive waste management. To understand the ensuing socio-technical controversy, we employ the “hybrid forum” framework that emphasizes the entangled political-epistemological role of the municipalities and protest groups. They mobilized political resistance while also performing “research in the wild.” In 2016, the protest groups became part of an institutionalized “hybrid forum” where they could negotiate directly with experts and government representatives. We conclude that municipalities and protest groups were instrumental in changing the Danish position on radioactive waste management from final repository to long-term storage at Risø.

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