scholarly journals Strategy for Locating People to Reduce the Transmission of COVID-19 Using Different Interference Measures

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 529
Author(s):  
Brenda Valenzuela-Fonseca ◽  
Rodrigo Linfati ◽  
John Willmer Escobar
Keyword(s):  
Programming Model ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Distance Constraints ◽  
Mip Model ◽  
Integer Quadratic Programming ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Mixed Integer Quadratic Programming ◽  
Interference Models

COVID-19 is generally transmitted from person to person through small droplets of saliva emitted when talking, sneezing, coughing, or breathing. For this reason, social distancing and ventilation have been widely emphasized to control the pandemic. The spread of the virus has brought with it many challenges in locating people under distance constraints. The effects of wakes between turbines have been studied extensively in the literature on wind energy, and there are well-established interference models. Does this apply to the propagation functions of the virus? In this work, a parallel relationship between the two problems is proposed. A mixed-integer linear programming (MIP) model and a mixed-integer quadratic programming model (MIQP) are formulated to locate people to avoid the spread of COVID-19. Both models were constructed according to the distance constraints proposed by the World Health Organization and the interference functions representing the effects of wake between turbines. Extensive computational tests show that people should not be less than two meters apart, in agreement with the adapted Wells–Riley model, which indicates that 1.6 to 3.0 m (5.2 to 9.8 ft) is the safe social distance when considering the aerosol transmission of large droplets exhaled when speaking, while the distance can be up to 8.2 m (26 ft) if all the droplets in a calm air environment are taken into account.

Fuzzy approach for production planning by using a three-dimensional printing-based ubiquitous manufacturing system

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tin-Chih Toly Chen
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Early Termination ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Optimization Models ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Integer Quadratic Programming ◽  
Ubiquitous Manufacturing ◽  
Mixed Integer Quadratic Programming

AbstractA ubiquitous manufacturing (UM) system is used in manufacturing for obtaining the Internet of things solutions and provides location-based manufacturing services. Human-induced uncertainty and early termination are two complications that hamper the effectiveness of an UM system based on three-dimensional (3D) printing. To resolve these complications, several solutions were considered in this study. First, fuzzy-valued parameters were defined to determine uncertainty. Subsequently, slack was derived to determine whether to restart an early terminated 3D printing process in the same 3D printing facility. Consequently, two optimization models – a fuzzy mixed-integer linear programming model and a fuzzy mixed-integer quadratic programming model – were developed in this study. Based on the two optimization models, a fuzzy 3D printing-based UM system that considers uncertainty and early termination was developed. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology was tested by conducting a regional experiment. The experimental results revealed that the proposed methodology could shorten the average cycle time by 9% and could enable 3D printing facilities to make real-time, online reprinting decisions.

Erstes Instrument zur standardisierten Erfassung der Teilhabe Behinderter

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (07) ◽  
pp. 526-527
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Menschen Mit Behinderung

Coenen M et al. [Recommendation for the collection and analysis of data on participation and disability from the perspective of the World Health Organization]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2016; 59: 1060–1067 Um eine gleichberechtigte Teilhabe an der Gesellschaft von Menschen mit Behinderung zu ermöglichen, werden zunächst Daten zu vorhandenen Einschränkungen gebraucht. Erst wenn diese detailliert erhoben wurden, können Konzepte zur Beseitigung von Problemen entwickelt werden. Ein standardisiertes Erhebungsinstrument für alle Aspekte der Funktionsfähigkeit fehlte jedoch bisher.

Coronavirus diseases and pregnancy: COVID-19,SARS, and MERS

2020 ◽  
pp. 276-289
Author(s):  
Mobina Fathi ◽  
Kimia Vakili ◽  
Niloofar Deravi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

Around the end of December 2019, a new beta-coronavirus from Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China began to spread rapidly. The new virus, called SARS-CoV-2, which could be transmitted through respiratory droplets, had a range of mild to severe symptoms, from simple cold in some cases to death in others. The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 was named COVID-19 by WHO and has so far killed more people than SARS and MERS. Following the widespread global outbreak of COVID-19, with more than 132758 confirmed cases and 4955 deaths worldwide, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic disease in January 2020. Earlier studies on viral pneumonia epidemics has shown that pregnant women are at greater risk than others. During pregnancy, the pregnant woman is more prone to infectious diseases. Research on both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, which are pathologically similar to SARS-CoV-2, has shown that being infected with these viruses during pregnancy increases the risk of maternal death, stillbirth, intrauterine growth retardation and, preterm delivery. With the exponential increase in cases of COVID-19 throughout the world, there is a need to understand the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the health of pregnant women, through extrapolation of earlier studies that have been conducted on pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV. There is an urgent need to understand the chance of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to fetus and the possibility of the virus crossing the placental barrier. Additionally, since some viral diseases and antiviral drugs may have a negative impact on the mother and fetus, in which case, pregnant women need special attention for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19.

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