scholarly journals So Pathogenic or So What?—A Brief Overview of SIV Pathogenesis with an Emphasis on Cure Research

Viruses ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Adam J. Kleinman ◽  
Ivona Pandrea ◽  
Cristian Apetrei
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Hiv Cure ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Shock And Kill ◽  
Control Disease ◽  
Living With Hiv

HIV infection requires lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART) to control disease progression. Although ART has greatly extended the life expectancy of persons living with HIV (PWH), PWH nonetheless suffer from an increase in AIDS-related and non-AIDS related comorbidities resulting from HIV pathogenesis. Thus, an HIV cure is imperative to improve the quality of life of PWH. In this review, we discuss the origins of various SIV strains utilized in cure and comorbidity research as well as their respective animal species used. We briefly detail the life cycle of HIV and describe the pathogenesis of HIV/SIV and the integral role of chronic immune activation and inflammation on disease progression and comorbidities, with comparisons between pathogenic infections and nonpathogenic infections that occur in natural hosts of SIVs. We further discuss the various HIV cure strategies being explored with an emphasis on immunological therapies and “shock and kill”.

scholarly journals The role of physiotherapy in the treatment of HIV-related sensory neuropathy: The perceptions and referral practices of physicians

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Steyl ◽  
Felista T. Shayo
Keyword(s):  
Professional Learning ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Sensory Neuropathy ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Inadequate Knowledge ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Referral Practices ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background: HIV-related peripheral neuropathies are among the most prevalent chronic neurological disorders affecting persons living with HIV and AIDS. In order to improve the physical function and quality of life of those affected by the disease, a holistic or multidisciplinary approach, including physiotherapy, has been suggested for the management of neuropathic pain.Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the physicians’ perceptions regarding the role of physiotherapy in the management of patients with HIV-sensory neuropathy (HIV-SN) and their referral practices in Tanzania.Methods: A qualitative study design incorporating purposive sampling was employed in the study. A total of 10 physicians from a hospital in Tanzania agreed to participate in in-depth interviews.Results: Physicians had poor perceptions of the role of physiotherapy in the management of patients with HIV-SN. Their inadequate knowledge of the role of physiotherapy and the limited number of physiotherapists employed negatively influenced their referral of patients with HIV-SN for physiotherapy.Conclusion: In Tanzania, referral for physiotherapy is still dependent on medical doctors. Inter-professional learning is imperative for minimising the stereotypes that may exist across professions, hence the need to improve awareness of specific roles in patient management. This could improve knowledge of the role of other professionals in the management and rehabilitation of affected patients and consequently improve perceptions and facilitate referrals of patients with HIV-SN for more integrated care.

scholarly journals The Role of Psychological and Behavioral Variables in Quality of Life and the Experience of Bodily Pain Among Persons Living with HIV

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kowal ◽  
Lorraine Y. Overduin ◽  
Louise Balfour ◽  
Giorgio A. Tasca ◽  
Kimberly Corace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Bodily Pain ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
Living With Hiv

Persons living with HIV treated in acute HIV infection report good health-related quality of life in Thailand

AIDS Care ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Orlanda Q. Goh ◽  
Eugène Kroon ◽  
Carlo Sacdalan ◽  
Phillip Chan ◽  
Trevor A. Crowell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Acute Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

The relationships among social support and quality of life in persons living with HIV/AIDS in Jiangxi and Zhejiang provinces, China

AIDS Care ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 946-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilian Lan ◽  
Zhaokang Yuan ◽  
Angelie Cook ◽  
Qunying Xu ◽  
Hongying Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals The role of chronic pain and current substance use in predicting negative social support among disadvantaged persons living with HIV/AIDS

AIDS Care ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1280-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary M. Mitchell ◽  
Allysha C. Maragh-Bass ◽  
Trang Q. Nguyen ◽  
Sarina Isenberg ◽  
Amy R. Knowlton
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Disease Progression in Children with Perinatal HIV Correlates with Increased PD-1+ CD8 T Cells that Coexpress Multiple Immune Checkpoints

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janki Tailor ◽  
Julia Foldi ◽  
Matthew Generoso ◽  
Bret McCarty ◽  
Aparna Alankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Pediatric Hiv ◽  
Immune Checkpoints ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Perinatal Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background PD-1 marks exhausted T cells, with weak effector functions. Adults living with HIV have increased levels of PD-1+ CD8 T cells that correlate with HIV disease progression, yet little is known about the role of PD-1+ CD8 T cells in children with perinatal HIV. Methods We enrolled 76 Kenyan children with perinatal HIV and 43 children who were HIV unexposed and quantified PD-1 levels on CD8 T cells, their coexpression with immune checkpoints (IC) 2B4, CD160 and TIM3, correlates with immune activation and HIV disease progression and HIV-specific and non-specific proliferative responses. Results PD-1+ CD8 T cell frequencies are elevated in children with perinatal HIV and associated with disease progression. The majority of PD-1+ CD8 T cells coexpress additional ICs. ART initiation lowers total PD-1 levels and coexpression of multiple ICs. The frequency of PD-1 + 2B4+CD160+TIM3- in PD-1+ CD8 T cells, predicts weaker HIV-specific proliferative responses, suggesting this subset is functionally exhausted. Conclusion Children with perinatal HIV have high PD-1+ CD8 T cells that are a heterogeneous population differentially coexpressing multiple ICs. Understanding the complex interplay of ICs is essential to guide the development of PD-1 directed immunotherapies for pediatric HIV remission and cure.

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