scholarly journals Cross-Reactivity Antibody Response after Vaccination with Modified Live and Killed Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVD) Vaccines

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Enrica Sozzi ◽  
Cecilia Righi ◽  
Massimo Boldini ◽  
Moira Bazzucchi ◽  
Giulia Pezzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cross Immunity

Pestivirus A or bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) type 1 is responsible for cosmopolitan diseases affecting cattle and other ruminants, presenting a wide range of clinical manifestations, with relevant impact on zootechnic production. The objective of the present study was to verify whether animals immunised with four commercial vaccines also developed a protective humoral immunity against other viral subgenotypes than those contained in each vaccine. Four groups of 25 bovines each were formed and vaccinated according to the manufacturer’s instructions of the commercial vaccines. On sera collected 28 days after the last vaccination, virus neutralisation tests (VNT) were performed using homologous and heterologous viruses and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. Finally, the VNT results were comparatively evaluated through a statistical analysis. Serological results highlighted that, although with a different degree of efficiency, the four vaccines resulted in not developing a solid antibody-mediated cross-immunity against all the strains used.

scholarly journals Serological survey of bovine viral diarrhoea virus in Namibian and South African kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) and eland (Taurotragus oryx)

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence P. Scott ◽  
Eleanor Stylianides ◽  
Wanda Markotter ◽  
Louis Nel
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Tragelaphus Strepsiceros

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is a pestivirus that affects members of the order Artiodactyla, including members of the subfamily Bovinae. Little is known about the seroprevalence of BVDV in southern Africa, especially the prevalence in wild ruminant populations such as kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros). A handful of random surveys suggested that seroprevalence ranged between 6% and 70% in southern African wild ruminants. The present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of BVDV amongst kudu and eland (Taurotragus oryx) from Namibia and South Africa. A BVDV-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed on 50 serum samples from kudu and eland from South Africa and Namibia. The seroprevalence of BVDV in South African kudu was 71%, identical to that in Namibian kudu. The seroprevalence in Namibian eland was 40%. The kudu and cattle farming (free ranging) regions in Namibia predominantly overlap in the central regions, ensuring ample opportunity for cross-species transmission of BVDV. It is therefore important to determine the true prevalence of BVDV in southern Africa in both domesticated and wild animals. In addition, a potential link between BVDV incidence and a devastating rabies epidemic in Namibian kudu was proposed and such a notion could be supported or discredited by comparative prevalence data.

scholarly journals Concurrent occurrence of a bovine viral diarrhoea virus type-1 (BVDV-1) infection and Trueperella pyogenes bronchopneumonia in a calf

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Eroksuz ◽  
H Abayli ◽  
Z Yerlikaya ◽  
CA Incili ◽  
B Karabulut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Type ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Trueperella Pyogenes ◽  
Vascular Walls ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus

The concurrent occurrence of a bovine viral diarrhoea virus type-1 infection and necrotising-suppurative bronchopneumonia due to Trueperella pyogenes was diagnosed in a 4-month-old male calf. The pulmonary lesions were characterised by necro-suppurative bronchopneumonia with intralesional gram-positive microorganisms. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis (MALDI-TOF MS) also indicated the presence of BVDV type-1 and Trueperella pyogenes agents, respectively. A positive immunoreaction to the BVDV was present in the vascular walls in the lungs, hepatocytes, lymphoid cells in the spleen and lymph nodes, and neurons in the brain. With this case study, the two infections were, to the best of our knowledge, reported concurrently for the first time. It can be assumed that a subclinical BVDV infection might contribute to the occurrence of Trueperella pyogenes infections in calves.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effects of long-term storage of bovine ear notch samples on the ability of 2 diagnostic assays to identify calves persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Khan ◽  
J. H. Vorster ◽  
M. Van Vuuren ◽  
P. Mapham
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽  
Persistently Infected ◽  
Diagnostic Assays ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Term Storage

Research aimed at optimising diagnostic laboratory procedures is central to the development of effective bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) control programmes. BVDV is a singlestranded RNA virus that crosses the placenta to infect foetuses, resulting in reproductive losses due to foetal death or persistently infected calves that die early in life. Persistently infected animals are widely accepted to be the primary reservoir of BVDV and the largest source of infection. This poses important challenges to overall animal/herd health and can cause major losses to the cattle industry. Long-term storage of bovine ear notch samples from calves persistently infected with BVDV may adversely affect the ability of diagnostic assays to detect the virus efficiently. In order to test this hypothesis, ear notch samples from 7 animals were divided into 2 groups. One set was subjected to prompt formalin fixation and the other set stored either as fresh samples without preservatives at –2 °C, or soaked overnight in phosphate buffered saline followed by freezing of the supernatant fluid at –2 °C. Frozen ear notches and ear notch supernatant yielded positive results with an antigen- capture, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (AC-ELISA) for the duration of the study (6 months) and optical density (OD) values remained significantly within range. There was no significant difference between storing fresh ear notch samples or PBS at –2 °C. However, positive immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining on formalin fixed ear notches started to fade between Day 17 and Day 29 when stored at room temperature. It was concluded that fresh ear notches could safely be stored at –2 °C for a period of 6 months prior to testing for BVD viral antigens.

scholarly journals Vaccination of cattle with a DNA plasmid encoding the bovine viral diarrhoea virus major glycoprotein E2

1999 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 3137-3144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Harpin ◽  
David J. Hurley ◽  
Majambu Mbikay ◽  
Brian Talbot ◽  
Youssef Elazhary
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽  
Virus Challenge ◽  
Naked Dna ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Nasal Secretions ◽  
Glycoprotein E2

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is an economically important pathogen of cattle that is ubiquitously distributed worldwide. In this study, cattle were immunized by intramuscular injections with plasmid DNA expressing the BVDV type 1 major glycoprotein E2. Animals either received injections of naked DNA (N-DNA) or DNA in cationic liposomes (L-DNA). Both DNA preparations induced virus-specific neutralizing antibodies in vaccinates, although the response was much lower in N-DNA-immunized animals. N-DNA-vaccinated animals also showed virus-specific lymphocyte proliferation responses to type 1, live BVDV in vitro, whereas L-DNA vaccination induced no such responses. After 16 weeks, DNA-vaccinated and mock-vaccinated animals were challenged with a USDA-certified BVDV type 1 strain. Four significant observations were made: (1) N-DNA-vaccinated calves showed limited protection from virus challenge, (2) L-DNA-vaccinated animals did not show any signs of protection, (3) the challenge induced strong memory responses in the production of serum neutralizing antibodies to both genotypes (type 1 and 2 of BVDV), and (4) the challenge induced a mucosal memory response in nasal secretions of both L- and N-DNA-vaccinated animals.

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