scholarly journals Validation of Satellite Estimates (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, TRMM) for Rainfall Variability over the Pacific Slope and Coast of Ecuador

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bolívar Erazo ◽  
Luc Bourrel ◽  
Frédéric Frappart ◽  
Oscar Chimborazo ◽  
David Labat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Tropical Rainfall ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Pacific Slope

Tropical rainfall linked to stronger future ENSO-NAO teleconnection in CMIP5 models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Fereday ◽  
Rob Chadwick ◽  
Jeff Knight ◽  
Adam Scaife
Keyword(s):  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Storm Track ◽  
Polar Vortex ◽  
Cmip5 Models ◽  
Stratospheric Polar Vortex ◽  
Tropical Rainfall ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Downward Influence ◽  
The Caribbean

<p>The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has previously been shown to influence the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO).  In this presentation we investigate the ENSO-NAO teleconnection in historical and RCP8.5 scenario CMIP5 simulations, and show a future strengthening of the teleconnection under RCP8.5.  The teleconnection strength is associated with increased tropical east Pacific rainfall variability.  Stratospheric and tropospheric teleconnection pathways are examined, with both pathways having stronger links in future.  The stratospheric pathway involves the Aleutian Low and the stratospheric polar vortex, with a downward influence on the NAO.  This pathway is clearest in the high-top models that better resolve the stratosphere.  The tropospheric pathway is driven by the Pacific subtropical jet strengthening and extending further into the Atlantic in future, generating increased baroclinicity in the Caribbean and influencing the Atlantic storm track.  Our results suggest increasing influence of tropical rainfall on extratropical circulation in future.</p>

scholarly journals The Relationship between Wind Speed and Precipitation in the Pacific ITCZ

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 4317-4328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa E. Back ◽  
Christopher S. Bretherton
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Deep Convection ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Microwave Imager ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The relationship between wind speed and precipitation in the Pacific ITCZ is analyzed using 4 yr of daily Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) satellite passive microwave retrievals averaged over 2.5° boxes. Throughout the ITCZ, at high-column relative humidities (conditions under which deep convection is likely to occur), faster winds are associated with substantially more precipitation, explaining a small, but highly statistically significant fraction of daily rainfall variability. The slope of this relationship varies geographically and rapidly increases as the atmosphere becomes moister. Analysis of other data sources, including vector mean winds computed from QuikSCAT and area-averaged radar-derived precipitation estimates from Kwajalein Island, shows that the wind speed–precipitation correlation is robust. This relation provides a test of large-scale forecast models and insight into conceptual models of deep convection. The observed increases in precipitation are much greater than evaporation changes associated with the increased wind speed; this implies a convergence feedback by which evaporation induces moisture convergence that feeds increases in precipitation. The authors study whether the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) and NCEP–NCAR reanalysis show the observed wind speed–precipitation correlation and explore mechanisms for convergence feedback using column-integrated moist static energy budgets computed from the reanalyses.

scholarly journals The Role of Mesoscale Convective Complexes in Southern Africa Summer Rainfall

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1654-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Blamey ◽  
C. J. C. Reason
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Southwest Indian Ocean ◽  
Mesoscale Convective

Abstract A combination of numerous factors, including geographic position, regional orography, and local sea surface temperatures, means that subtropical southern Africa experiences considerable spatial and temporal variability in rainfall and is prone to both frequent flooding and drought events. One system that may contribute to rainfall variability in the region is the mesoscale convective complex (MCC). In this study, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) data is used to document the precipitation produced by MCCs over southern Africa for the 1998–2006 period. Most of the rainfall associated with MCCs is found to occur over central Mozambique, extending southward to eastern South Africa. High precipitation totals associated with these systems also occur over the neighboring southwest Indian Ocean, particularly off the northeast coast of South Africa. MCCs are found to contribute up to 20% of the total summer rainfall (November–March) in parts of the eastern region of southern Africa. If the month of March is excluded from the analysis, then the contribution increases up to 24%. In general, the MCC summer rainfall contribution for most of the eastern region is approximately between 8% and 16%. Over the western interior and Botswana and Namibia, the MCC contribution is much less (<6%). It is also evident that there is considerable interannual variability associated with the contribution that these systems make to the total warm season rainfall.

Twenty Years on the Pacific Slope: Letters of Henry Eno from California and Nevada, 1848-1871

1966 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1443
Author(s):  
John E. Sunder ◽  
Turrentine Jackson
Keyword(s):  
The Pacific ◽  
Pacific Slope

New species of Calathea (Marantaceae) endemic to Costa Rica

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 1356-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Osa Peninsula ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Pacific Slope ◽  
Cordillera De Talamanca

Calathea hylaeanthoides Kennedy, Calathea retroflexa Kennedy, and Calathea incompta Kennedy are described as new. All three species are endemic to Costa Rica. Calathea hylaeanthoides and C. incompta are from the Osa Peninsula, while C. retroflexa is from midelevation on the Pacific slope of the Cordillera de Talamanca. Calathea hylaeanthoides belongs to Calathea section Breviscapus, C. retroflexa belongs to Calathea section Calathea, and C. incompta belongs to the "Ornata group" of Calathea. Key words: Marantaceae, Calathea, Costa Rica, endemism.

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