Identification of Sulfate Sources and Biogeochemical Processes in an Aquifer Affected by Peatland: Insights from Monitoring the Isotopic Composition of Groundwater Sulfate in Kampinos National Park, Poland.

: Temporal and spatial variations of the concentration and the isotopic composition of groundwater sulfate in an unconfined sandy aquifer covered by peatland have been studied to better understand the sources and biogeochemical processes that affect sulfate distribution in shallow groundwater systems influenced by organic rich sediments. The groundwater monitoring was carried out for one year at hydrogeological station Pożary located within the protected zone of the Kampinos National Park. Sulfur (34SSO4) and oxygen (18OSO4) isotopic composition of dissolved sulfates were analyzed together with oxygen (18OH2O) and hydrogen (2HH2O) isotopic composition of water and major ions concentration at monthly intervals. The research revealed three main sources of sulfates dissolved in groundwater, namely, (a) atmospheric sulfates—supplied to the aquifer by atmospheric deposition (rain and snow melt), (b) sulfates formed by dissolution of evaporite sulfate minerals, mainly gypsum—considerably enriched in 34S and 18O, and (c) sulfate formed during oxidation of reduced inorganic sulfur compounds (RIS), mainly pyrite—depleted in 34S and 18O. The final isotopic composition and concentration of dissolved SO42− in groundwater are the result of overlapping processes of dissimilatory sulfate reduction, oxidation of sulfide minerals, and mixing of water in aquifer profile.

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Research on Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Transformation Relationships between Surface Water and Groundwater in the Weihe River

10.5194/hess-2017-654 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jihong Qu ◽

Shibao Lu ◽

Zhipeng Gao ◽

Wujin Li ◽

Zhiping Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Major Ions ◽

Shallow Groundwater ◽

Hydrograph Separation ◽

Surface Water And Groundwater ◽

Piper Trilinear Diagram ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Weihe River ◽

Groundwater Systems ◽

Δd And Δ18o

Abstract. The transforming relationship between surface water and groundwater as well as their origins are the basis for studying the transport of pollutants in river-groundwater systems. A typical section of the river was chosen to sample the surface water and shallow groundwater. Then, a Piper trilinear diagram, Gibbs diagram, ratios of major ions, factor analysis, cluster analysis and other methods were used to investigate the hydrogeochemical evolution of surface water and groundwater and determine the formation of hydrogeochemical components in different water bodies. Based on the distribution characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes δD and δ18O and discharge hydrograph separation methods, the relationship between surface water and groundwater in the Weihe River was analyzed. The results indicated that the river water is a SO4·Cl—Na type and that the groundwater hydrogeochemical types are not the same. The dominant anions are HCO3− in the upstream reaches and are SO42− and Cl− in downstream reaches. Hydrogeochemical processes include evaporation and concentration, weathering of rocks, ion exchange, and dissolution infiltration reactions. The δD and δ18O of surface water change little along the river and are more enriched than are those of the groundwater. With the influences of precipitation, irrigation, river recharge and evaporation, the δD and δ18O of shallow groundwater at different sections are not the same. There is a close relationship between the surface water and groundwater. Surface water supplies the groundwater, which provides the hydrodynamic conditions for the entry of pollutants into the aquifer.

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Phlebotomine Sand Fly Fauna andLeishmaniaInfection in the Vicinity of the Serra do Cipó National Park, a Natural Brazilian Heritage Site

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/385493 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Rosana Silva Lana ◽

Érika Monteiro Michalsky ◽

Consuelo Latorre Fortes-Dias ◽

João Carlos França-Silva ◽

Fabiana de Oliveira Lara-Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Sand Fly ◽

Sand Flies ◽

Local Data ◽

Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽

Serra Do Cipó ◽

Heritage Site ◽

One Year ◽

The One ◽

Favorable Conditions

In the New World, the leishmaniases are primarily transmitted to humans through the bites ofLeishmania-infectedLutzomyia(Diptera: Psychodidae) phlebotomine sand flies. Any or both of two basic clinical forms of these diseases are endemic to several cities in Brazil—the American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) and the American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL). The present study was conducted in the urban area of a small-sized Brazilian municipality (Jaboticatubas), in which three cases of AVL and nine of ACL have been reported in the last five years. Jaboticatubas is an important tourism hub, as it includes a major part of the Serra do Cipó National Park. Currently, no local data is available on the entomological fauna or circulatingLeishmania. During the one-year period of this study, we captured 3,104 phlebotomine sand flies belonging to sixteenLutzomyiaspecies. In addition to identifying incriminated or suspected vectors of ACL with DNA of the etiological agent of AVL and vice versa, we also detectedLeishmaniaDNA in unexpectedLutzomyiaspecies. The expressive presence of vectors and naturalLeishmaniainfection indicates favorable conditions for the spreading of leishmaniases in the vicinity of the Serra do Cipó National Park.

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Isotopic evidence for the origin of dimethylsulfide and dimethylsulfoniopropionate-like compounds in a warm, monomictic freshwater lake

Environmental Chemistry ◽

10.1071/en15042 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 340 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Michal Sela-Adler ◽

Ward Said-Ahmad ◽

Orit Sivan ◽

Werner Eckert ◽

Ronald P. Kiene ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sulfur Compound ◽

Sulfur Cycle ◽

Freshwater Lake ◽

Aquatic Environments ◽

Dissimilatory Sulfate Reduction ◽

Biogeochemical Processes ◽

Multiple Sources ◽

Isotopic Signatures ◽

Isotopic Evidence ◽

Water Columns

Environmental context The volatile sulfur compound, dimethylsulfide (DMS), plays a major role in the global sulfur cycle by transferring sulfur from aquatic environments to the atmosphere. Compared to marine environments, freshwater environments are under studied with respect to DMS cycling. The goal of this study was to assess the formation pathways of DMS in a freshwater lake using natural stable isotopes of sulfur. Our results provide unique sulfur isotopic evidence for the multiple DMS sources and dynamics that are linked to the various biogeochemical processes that occur in freshwater lake water columns and sediments. Abstract The volatile methylated sulfur compound, dimethylsulfide (DMS), plays a major role in the global sulfur cycle by transferring sulfur from aquatic environments to the atmosphere. The main precursor of DMS in saline environments is dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), a common osmolyte in algae. The goal of this study was to assess the formation pathways of DMS in the water column and sediments of a monomictic freshwater lake based on seasonal profiles of the concentrations and isotopic signatures of DMS and DMSP. Profiles of DMS in the epilimnion during March and June 2014 in Lake Kinneret showed sulfur isotope (δ34S) values of +15.8±2.0 per mille (‰), which were enriched by up to 4.8 ‰ compared with DMSP δ34S values in the epilimnion at that time. During the stratified period, the δ34S values of DMS in the hypolimnion decreased to –7.0 ‰, close to the δ34S values of coexisting H2S derived from dissimilatory sulfate reduction in the reduced bottom water and sediments. This suggests that H2S was methylated by unknown microbial processes to form DMS. In the hypolimnion during the stratified period DMSP was significantly 34S enriched relative to DMS reflecting its different S source, which was mostly from sulfate assimilation. In the sediments, δ34S values of DMS were depleted by 2–4 ‰ relative to porewater (HCl-extracted) DMSP and enriched relative to H2S. This observation suggests two main formation pathways for DMS in the sediment, one from the degradation of DMSP and one from methylation of H2S. The present study provides isotopic evidence for multiple sources of DMS in stratified water bodies and complex DMSP–DMS dynamics that are linked to the various biogeochemical processes within the sulfur cycle.

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Interactions Between Regional Climate, Surficial Geology, and Topography: Characterizing Shallow Groundwater Systems in Subhumid, Low‐Relief Landscapes

Water Resources Research ◽

10.1029/2018wr023934 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 284-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

K. J. Hokanson ◽

C. A. Mendoza ◽

K. J. Devito

Keyword(s):

Regional Climate ◽

Shallow Groundwater ◽

Surficial Geology ◽

Groundwater Systems

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Habitual Stone-Tool Aided Extractive Foraging in White-Faced Capuchins, Cebus Capucinus

10.1101/351619 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Brendan J Barrett ◽

Claudio M Monteza-moreno ◽

Tamara DOGANDŽIĆ ◽

Nicolas Zwyns ◽

Alicia IBÁÑEZ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tool Use ◽

National Park ◽

Resource Limitation ◽

Stone Tools ◽

Cebus Capucinus ◽

Hermit Crabs ◽

Stone Tool ◽

Extractive Foraging ◽

First Case ◽

One Year

ABSTRACTHabitual reliance on tool use is a marked behavioral difference between wild robust (genus Sapajus) and gracile (genus Cebus) capuchin monkeys. Despite being well studied and having a rich repertoire of social and extractive foraging traditions, Cebus sp have rarely been observed engaging in tool use and have never been reported to use stone tools. In contrast, habitual tool use and stone-tool use by Sapajus is widespread. We discuss factors which might explain these differences in patterns of tool use between Cebus and Sapajus. We then report the first case of habitual stone-tool use in a gracile capuchin: a population of white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus imitator) in Coiba National Park, Panama who habitually rely on hammerstone and anvil tool use to access structurally protected food items in coastal areas including Terminalia catappa seeds, hermit crabs, marine snails, terrestrial crabs, and other items. This behavior has persisted on one island in Coiba National Park since at least 2004. From one year of camera trapping, we found that stone tool use is strongly male-biased. Of the 205 unique camera-trap-days where tool use was recorded, adult females were never observed to use stone-tools, although they were frequently recorded at the sites and engaged in scrounging behavior. Stone-tool use occurs year-round in this population, and over half of all identifiable individuals were observed participating. At the most active tool use site, 83.2% of days where capuchins were sighted corresponded with tool use. Capuchins inhabiting the Coiba archipelago are highly terrestrial, under decreased predation pressure and potentially experience resource limitation compared to mainland populations– three conditions considered important for the evolution of stone tool use. White-faced capuchin tool use in Coiba National Park thus offers unique opportunities to explore the ecological drivers and evolutionary underpinnings of stone tool use in a comparative within- and between-species context.

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Preliminary assessment of shallow groundwater chemistry near Goodell Creek, North Cascades National Park, Washington

Open-File Report ◽

10.3133/ofr20191144 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Rich W. Sheibley ◽

James R. Foreman

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Shallow Groundwater ◽

Groundwater Chemistry ◽

North Cascades ◽

Preliminary Assessment

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On the epidemiology of helminth parasites in Hangul Deer Cervus hanglu hanglu (Mammalia: Artiodactyla: Cervidae) of Dachigam National Park, India

Journal of Threatened Taxa ◽

10.11609/jott.5179.13.1.17517-17520 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 17517-17520

Author(s):

Naziya Khurshid ◽

Hidayatullah Tak ◽

Ruqeya Nazir ◽

Kulsum Ahmad Bhat ◽

Muniza Manzoor

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

National Park ◽

Helminth Infection ◽

Dry Season ◽

Helminth Parasites ◽

Wet Season ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Dictyocaulus Viviparus ◽

Dachigam National Park ◽

One Year

A one-year study conducted to ascertain the prevalence and risk factors associated with helminth infection in Hangul Deer Cervus hanglu hanglu at Dachigam National Park revealed that 40.45% (89 of 220 samples) were infected with four helminth species including Heamonchus contortus, Trichuris ovis, Dictyocaulus viviparus, and Moneizia expansa. The study signified that the infection was more prevalent during the dry season (summer and autumn) as compared to the wet season (winter and spring). The overall prevalence of Heamonchus contortus was the highest (23.18%) followed by Trichuris ovis (8.18%), followed by Dictyocaulus viviparus (5.45%), and Moneizia expansa (3.63%). The present study should be of importance in conserving the erstwhile state animal, listed as Critically Engendered in 2017 by IUCN.

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A Hydrostratigraphic Framework for the Paleozoic Bedrock of Southern Ontario

Geoscience Canada ◽

10.12789/geocanj.2021.48.172 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 23-58

Author(s):

Terry R. Carter ◽

Lee D. Fortner ◽

Hazen A.J. Russell ◽

Mitchell E. Skuce ◽

Fred J. Longstaffe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Regime ◽

Meteoric Water ◽

Shallow Groundwater ◽

Surficial Sediments ◽

Deep Subsurface ◽

Southern Ontario ◽

Intermediate Regime ◽

Hydrogeological Characteristics ◽

Lithostratigraphic Units ◽

Groundwater Systems

Groundwater systems in the intermediate to deep subsurface of southern Ontario are poorly understood, despite their value for a number of societal uses. A regional hydrostratigraphic framework is a necessary precursor for improving our understanding of groundwater systems and enabling development of a 3-D hydrostratigraphic model to visualize these groundwater systems. This study is a compilation and integration of published and unpublished geological, hydrogeological, hydrochemical and isotopic data collected over the past 10 years to develop that framework.Bedrock is covered by a thin veneer of surficial sediments that comprise an aquifer/aquitard system of considerable local variability and complexity. Aquifers in the bedrock are thin and regionally extensive, separated by thick aquitards, within a well-defined lithostratigraphic framework and a well-developed hydrochemical depth zonation comprising a shallow fresh water regime, an intermediate brackish to saline sulphur water regime, and a deep brine regime of ancient, evaporated seawater. Occurrence and movement of groundwater in shallow bedrock is principally controlled by modern (Quaternary) karstic dissolution of subcropping carbonate and evaporite rocks, and in the intermediate to deep subsurface by paleokarst horizons developed during the Paleozoic. Flow directions in the surficial sediments of the shallow groundwater regime are down-gradient from topographic highs and down the regional dip of bedrock formations in the intermediate regime. Shallow karst is the entry point for groundwater penetration into the intermediate regime, with paleo-recharge by glacial meltwater and limited recent recharge by meteoric water at subcrop edges, and down-dip hydraulic gradients in confined aquifers. Hydraulic gradient is up-dip in the deep brine regime, at least for the Guelph Aquifer and the Cambrian Aquifer, with no isotopic or hydrochemical evidence of infiltration of meteoric water and no discharge to the surface.Fourteen bedrock hydrostratigraphic units are proposed, and one unit comprising all the surficial sediments. Assignment of lithostratigraphic units as hydrostratigraphic units is based principally on hydrogeological characteristics of Paleozoic bedrock formations in the intermediate to deep groundwater regimes, below the influence of modern meteoric water. Carbonate and evaporite rocks which form aquitards in the subsurface may form aquifers at or near the surface, due to karstic dissolution by acidic meteoric water, necessitating compromises in assignment of hydrostratigraphic units.

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