scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Patterns of the Extreme Precipitation across the Tibetan Plateau (1986–2015)

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junnan Xiong ◽  
Zhiwei Yong ◽  
Zegen Wang ◽  
Weiming Cheng ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Alpine Meadow ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Desert Steppe ◽  
Trend Slope ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Indices ◽  
Precipitation Indices ◽  
Increasing Trends

The Tibetan Plateau is one of the most vulnerable areas to extreme precipitation. In recent decades, water cycles have accelerated, and the temporal and spatial characteristics of extreme precipitation have undergone dramatic changes across the Tibetan Plateau, especially in its various ecosystems. However, there are few studies that considered the variation of extreme precipitation in various ecosystems, and the impact of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and few researchers have made a quantitative analysis between them. In this study, we analyzed the spatial and temporal pattern of 10 extreme precipitation indices across the Tibetan Plateau (including its four main ecosystems: Forest, alpine meadow, alpine steppe, and desert steppe) based on daily precipitation from 76 meteorological stations over the past 30 years. We used the linear least squares method and Pearson correlation coefficient to examine variation magnitudes of 10 extreme precipitation indices and correlation. Temporal pattern indicated that consecutive wet days (CWD) had a slightly decreasing trend (slope = −0.006), consecutive dry days (CDD), simple daily intensity (SDII), and extreme wet day precipitation (R99) displayed significant increasing trends, while the trends of other indices were not significant. For spatial patterns, the increasing trends of nine extreme precipitation indices (excluding CDD) occurred in the southwestern, middle and northern regions of the Tibetan Plateau; decreasing trends were distributed in the southeastern region, while the spatial pattern of CDD showed the opposite distribution. As to the four different ecosystems, the number of moderate precipitation days (R10mm), number of heavy precipitation days (R20mm), wet day precipitation (PRCPTOT), and very wet day precipitation (R95) in forest ecosystems showed decreasing trends, but CDD exhibited a significant increasing trend (slope = 0.625, P < 0.05). In the other three ecosystems, all extreme precipitation indices generally exhibited increasing trends, except for CWD in alpine meadow (slope = −0.001) and desert steppe (slope = −0.005). Furthermore, the crossover wavelet transform indicated that the ENSO had a 4-year resonance cycle with R95, SDII, R20mm, and CWD. These results provided additional evidence that ENSO play an important remote driver for extreme precipitation variation in the Tibetan Plateau.

scholarly journals Elevation-Dependent Trends in Precipitation Observed over and around the Tibetan Plateau from 1971 to 2017

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 2848
Author(s):  
Wenfeng Hu ◽  
Junqiang Yao ◽  
Qing He ◽  
Jing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Total Precipitation ◽  
Annual Total Precipitation ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Indices ◽  
Precipitation Indices

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) are regions that are most sensitive to climate change, especially extreme precipitation changes with elevation, may increase the risk of natural disasters and have attracted attention for the study of extreme events in order to identify adaptive actions. Based on daily observed data from 113 meteorological stations in the Tibetan Plateau and the surrounding regions in China during 1971–2017, we calculated the annual total precipitation and extreme precipitation indices using the R ClimDex software package and explored elevation-dependent precipitation trends. The results demonstrate that the annual total precipitation increased at a rate of 6.7 mm/decade, and the contribution of extreme precipitation to total precipitation increased over time, and the climate extremes were enhanced. The annual total, seasonal precipitation, and precipitation extreme trends were observed in terms of elevation dependence in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the surrounding area of the Tibetan Plateau (TPS) during 1971–2017. There is growing evidence that the elevation-dependent wetting (EDWE) is complex over the TP. The trends in total precipitation have a strong dependence on elevation, and the EDWE is highlighted by the extreme precipitation indices, for example, the number of heavy precipitation days (R10) and consecutive wet days (CWD). The dependence of extreme precipitation on elevation is heterogeneous, as other extreme indices do not indicate EDWE. These findings highlight the precipitation complexity in the TP. The findings of this study will be helpful for improving our understanding of variabilities in precipitation and extreme precipitation in response to climate change and will provide support for water resource management and disaster prevention in plateaus and mountain ranges.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal characteristics of extreme precipitation at multiple timescales over Northeast China during 1961–2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. J. Yang ◽  
Z. X. Xu ◽  
W. F. Liu ◽  
Lin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Daily Precipitation Data ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Indices ◽  
Precipitation Anomalies ◽  
Precipitation Indices ◽  
Increasing Trends

Few studies of extreme precipitation have been conducted in Northeast China, particularly at multi-timescales. We aim to enhance the understanding of changes and variability in extreme precipitation over the past 54 years (1961–2014) in this region. We have investigated the potential relationship among extreme precipitation, climate and agricultural drought focusing on several timescales in this region. Thirteen extreme precipitation indices at seasonal, annual, and growing-period scales were estimated on the basis of daily precipitation data from 70 meteorological stations. The results indicate that all extreme precipitation indices that reflect the features of extreme wet events showed increasing trends in spring, and the trends of these indices were almost negative for the other timescales. Spatially, the frequency, duration and intensity of extreme wet events decreased gradually from south to north. The range of influence and the duration of extreme dry events increased continuously in Northeast China. In Northeast China, extreme precipitation was more easily influenced by the polar climate than the monsoon. Furthermore, correlation between the extreme precipitation indices and comprehensive crop failure ratios of agricultural drought disasters (C index) confirmed that agricultural drought was heavily influenced by precipitation anomalies in this area.

Responses of ecosystem respiration and its components to fertilization in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Jiang ◽  
Ning Zong ◽  
Minghua Song ◽  
Peili Shi ◽  
Weiling Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Alpine Meadow ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau

Characteristics and scenarios projection of NEE change in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Mingyuan Du ◽  
Yingnian Li ◽  
Fawei Zhang ◽  
Liang Zhao ◽  
Hongqin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Alpine Meadow ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau

Understanding Precipitation Characteristics of Afghanistan at Provincial Scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakti Suryavanshi ◽  
Nitin Joshi ◽  
Hardeep Kumar Maurya ◽  
Divya Gupta ◽  
Keshav Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Asian Country ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Pattern ◽  
Precipitation Trend ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Indices ◽  
Precipitation Indices ◽  
Precipitation Events

Abstract This study examines the pattern and trend of seasonal and annual precipitation along with extreme precipitation events in a data scare, south Asian country, Afghanistan. Seven extreme precipitation indices were considered based upon intensity, duration and frequency of precipitation events. The study revealed that precipitation pattern of Afghanistan is unevenly distributed at seasonal and yearly scales. Southern and Southwestern provinces remain significantly dry whereas, the Northern and Northeastern provinces receive comparatively higher precipitation. Spring and winter seasons bring about 80% of yearly precipitation in Afghanistan. However, a notable declining precipitation trend was observed in these two seasons. An increasing trend in precipitation was observed for the summer and autumn seasons, however; these seasons are the lean periods for precipitation. A declining annual precipitation trend was also revealed in many provinces of Afghanistan. Analysis of extreme precipitation indices reveals a general drier condition in Afghanistan. Large spatial variability was found in precipitation indices. In many provinces of Afghanistan, a significantly declining trends were observed in intensity-based (Rx1-day, RX5-day, SDII and R95p) and frequency-based (R10) precipitation indices. The duration-based precipitation indices (CDD and CWD) also infer a general drier climatic condition in Afghanistan. This study will assist the agriculture and allied sectors to take well-planned adaptive measures in dealing with the changing patterns of precipitation, and additionally, facilitating future studies for Afghanistan.

Effects of land use and nitrogen fertilizer on ecosystem respiration in alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1626-1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caiyun Luo ◽  
Shiping Wang ◽  
Liang Zhao ◽  
Shixiao Xu ◽  
Burenbayin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Alpine Meadow ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Effects Of Land Use

scholarly journals Trend of Extreme Precipitation over Sumatera Island for 1981-2010

Agromet ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
. Misnawati ◽  
Mega Perdanawanti
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Climate Extreme ◽  
Precipitation Data ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Indices ◽  
Precipitation Indices ◽  
Climate Events

Extreme climate events have significant impacts on various sectors such as agriculture, ecosystem, health and energy. The issue would lead to economic losses as well as social problems. This study aims to investigate the trend of extreme precipitation in Sumatera Island based on observed data during 30-year period, 1981–2010. There are ten indices of climate extreme as defined by ETCCDMI, which were tested in this study, including PRCPTOT, SDII, CDD, CWD, R10, R50, R95p, R99p, Rx1day and Rx5day. Then, the trend was analyzed based on the Mann-Kendall statistic, performed on the time series of precipitation data. The result shows that there was positive trend of extreme precipitation found in most stations over Sumatera, either statistically significant or insignificant. In each extreme precipitation indices, the number of observed stations indicating the insignificant change is higher than the significant one. This research also found that some indices including SDII, Rx1day, R50, R95p and R99p, showed a significantly-positive trend followed by a higher intensity of wetter and heavier events of extreme precipitation over Sumatera. On the other hand, the wet spell (CWD) index shows a negative trend (α=0.05).

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