scholarly journals Natural Surface Hydrocarbons and Soil Faunal Biodiversity: A Bioremediation Perspective

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2358
Author(s):  
Sara Remelli ◽  
Pietro Rizzo ◽  
Fulvio Celico ◽  
Cristina Menta
Keyword(s):  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Folsomia Candida ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Natural Oil ◽  
Oil Seepage ◽  
Diptera Larvae

Hydrocarbon pollution threatens aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems globally, but soil fauna in oil-polluted soils has been insufficiently studied. In this research, soil hydrocarbon toxicity was investigated in two natural oil seepage soils in Val D’Agri (Italy) using two different approaches: (i) toxicological tests with Folsomia candida (Collembola) and Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta) and (ii) analysis of abundance and composition of micro- and meso-fauna. Soil sampling was done along 20 m-transepts starting from the natural oil seepages. Toxicological testing revealed that no exemplars of F. candida survived, whereas specimens of E. fetida not only survived but also increased in weight in soils with higher PAH concentrations, although no reproduction was observed. Analysis on microfauna showed that Nematoda was the most abundant group, with distance from seepages not affecting its abundance. Arthropoda results showed that Acarina, Collembola and Diptera larvae represented the most abundant taxa. The highest divergence in community composition was found between soils situated near seepages and at 5 m and 10 m distance. Arthropoda taxa numbers, total abundance and Acarina were lower in soils with high PAH concentration, while Diptera larvae were not significantly affected. Earthworms, together with Nematoda and Diptera larvae, could therefore represent ideal candidates in PAH degradation studies.

scholarly journals The Effect of Fertilizer Regime on Soil Fauna

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Mignon Sandor ◽  
Traian Brad ◽  
Aurel Maxim ◽  
Valentina Sandor ◽  
Bogdan Onica
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Lumbricus Terrestris ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Folsomia Candida ◽  
Aporrectodea Caliginosa ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Key Factor

Soil fauna activity in agricultural soil is a key factor to maintain soil fertility and to assure soil ecosystem services. It is now accepted that agricultural practices like tillage and pesticide use can harm soil organisms including earthworms and springtails. Other practices like the use of green manure or animal manure have been considered as being beneficial to these soil invertebrates. To deepen our knowledge on the effect of fertilizers (mineral and organic) on earthworms (Aporrectodea caliginosa and Lumbricus terrestris) and springtails  (Folsomia candida) 56 microcosm experiments were made with two soil types and two hydric regimes. The microcosms were amended with four fertilizers: ammonium nitrate, mustard as green manure, cow manure and slurry. The results emphasize that mustard use had beneficial effect on Folsomia candida abundance and Aporrectodea caliginosa biomass, while mineral fertilizer had negative effects for all species used in the experiment.

Study of the impact of platinum and palladium on representatives of soil fauna (Folsomia candida)

2013 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. S114
Author(s):  
B. Nemcova ◽  
I. Bednarova ◽  
H. Mikulaskova ◽  
M. Beklova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Folsomia Candida ◽  
The Impact

SANDY BEACH COMMUNITIES EXPOSED TO NATURAL OIL SEEPAGE

1983 ◽  
Vol 1983 (1) ◽  
pp. 485-489
Author(s):  
Dale Straughan
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Beach ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Beach Communities ◽  
Natural Oil ◽  
Oil Seepage ◽  
Community Data ◽  
Sand Movement ◽  
Macrofaunal Community

ABSTRACT Studies of the intertidal sandy beach community in the region of natural oil seepage at Coal Oil Point commenced in 1969. This research continued as part of a long term study of natural variation in sandy beach communities as well as an investigation of the impacts on the biota of intermittent exposure to natural oil seepage. Community data were related to both localized and widespread environmental changes. Changes in the overall macrofaunal community correlate with localized sand movement in the intertidal area. Changes in species composition were related to the widespread oceanographic changes (e.g., water temperature) that occurred in the Southern California Bight during the past decade. A positive correlation between number of specimens and weight of tar on the beach is attributed to seasonal recruitment patterns rather than the presence of petroleum. Therefore the periodic stranding of petroleum is not the dominant abiotic factor influencing this community as a whole.

Natural Oil Seepage at Coal Oil Point, Santa Barbara, California

Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 170 (3961) ◽  
pp. 974-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Allen ◽  
R. S. Schlueter ◽  
P. G. Mikolaj
Keyword(s):  
Santa Barbara ◽  
Natural Oil ◽  
Oil Seepage

scholarly journals Research of oil polluted soil and vegetation cover grown in laboratory by hyperspectral remote sensing method using the ASD FieldSpec 3FR Spectroradiometer

2018 ◽  
pp. 12-29
Author(s):  
Galina Zholobak ◽  
Stanislav Dugin ◽  
Oksana Sybirtseva ◽  
Yelizaveta Dorofey
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Hyperspectral Remote Sensing ◽  
Additional Dose ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Spring Crop ◽  
Spring Cereals

The development of oil extraction and refining industry causes the environment pollution primarily the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The vegetation and soils as the components of terrestrial ecosystems expose to oil pollution especially. The research of oil-polluted soil and vegetation cover grown in laboratory by hyperspectral remote sensing method using the ASD FieldSpec® 3FR spectroradiometer is performed. The vegetation cover of spring cereals (wheat, barley, and corn) is formed by the growing in the containers with soil. The hyperspectral vegetation indices together with the reflectance in the red edge of spectrum (ТСІ, GrNDVI and REP) are the higher values for corn cover in comparison with the different spring small grain cereals. The additional dose of oil applied in the polluted soils from the Staryi Sambir oil deposit induces the reduction in the values of above-mentioned vegetation indices for the every spring crop of interest. The research of oil-polluted soil and vegetation cover grown in laboratory by hyperspectral remote sensing method using the ASD FieldSpec 3FR spectroradiometer is performed. The vegetation cover of spring cereals (wheat, barley, and corn) is formed by the growing in the containers with the different soils. The hyperspectral vegetation indices together with the reflectance in the red edge of spectrum (ТСІ, GrNDVI and REP) are the higher values for corn cover in comparison with the different spring small grain cereals. The additional dose of oil applied in the polluted soils from the Staryi Sambir oil deposit induces the reduction in the values of above-mentioned vegetation indices for the every spring crop of interest. Accumulated GrNDVI values for the corn and TCI for the corn and spring barley are similar to the laboratory chlorophyll content in these crops (according to the ratio of cultivation substrates). The further remote study of oil polluted soils and their influence on vegetation demands to improve the spectral measurements using satellite image data.

scholarly journals Woodlice of Belgium: an annotated checklist and bibliography (Isopoda, Oniscidea)

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 801 ◽  
pp. 265-304
Author(s):  
Pallieter De Smedt ◽  
Pepijn Boerave ◽  
Gert Arijs ◽  
Stijn Segers
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Complete Bibliography ◽  
Annotated Checklist

Woodlice are key organisms for nutrient cycling in many terrestrial ecosystems; however, knowledge on this invertebrate group is limited as for other soil fauna taxa. Here, we present an annotated checklist of the woodlice of Belgium, a small but densely populated country in Western Europe. We reviewed all 142 publications on Belgian woodlice, the oldest dating back to 1831 and re-identified all doubtful specimens from the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS) collection. These data is complemented with observations from extensive field surveys dating from March 2014 until December 2017. We report 36 species of woodlice with free-living populations for Belgium. Nine species can be added compared to the latest checklist published in 2000 being Hyloniscusriparius (C. Koch, 1838), Miktoniscuspatiencei Vandel, 1946, Trichoniscoidessarsi Patience, 1908, Haplophthalmusmontivagus Verhoeff, 1941, Porcelliomonticola Lereboullet, 1853, Metatrichoniscoidesleydigii (Weber, 1880), Trichoniscusalemannicus Verhoeff, 1917, Elumacaelata (Miers, 1877) and Philosciaaffinis Verhoeff, 1908. Two species are deleted from the checklist (Ligidiumgermanicum Verhoeff, 1901 and Armadillidiumdepressum Brandt, 1833) because records are doubtful and no material has been preserved. Additionally the data of the field surveys is used to determine a species status of occurrence in Belgium. For each species, a short overview of their first records is provided and their confirmation as part of the Belgian fauna, their current status, as well as a complete bibliography of the species in Belgium.

scholarly journals New Litter Trap Devices Outperform Pitfall Traps for Studying Arthropod Activity

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolores Ruiz-Lupión ◽  
Jordi Pascual ◽  
Nereida Melguizo-Ruiz ◽  
Oriol Verdeny-Vilalta ◽  
Jordi Moya-Laraño
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Ecological Experiments ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Activity Trap ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Adequate Method

Soil fauna play a key role in nutrient cycling and decomposition, and in recent years, researchers have become more and more interested in this compartment of terrestrial ecosystems. In addition, soil fauna can act as ecosystem engineers by creating, modifying, and maintaining the habitat for other organisms. Ecologists usually utilize live catches in pitfalls traps as a standard method to study the activity of epigeic fauna in addition to relative abundance. Counts in pitfall traps can be used as estimates of relative activity to compare among experimental treatments. This requires taking independent estimates of abundance (e.g., by sifting soil litter, mark–recapture), which can then be used as covariates in linear models to compare the levels of fauna activity (trap catches) among treatments. However, many studies show that the use of pitfall traps is not the most adequate method to estimate soil fauna relative abundances, and these concerns may be extensible to estimating activity. Here, we present two new types of traps devised to study activity in litter fauna, and which we call “cul-de-sac” and “basket traps”, respectively. We experimentally show that, at least for litter dwellers, these new traps are more appropriate to estimate fauna activity than pitfall traps because: (1) pitfall traps contain 3.5× more moisture than the surrounding environment, potentially attracting animals towards them when environmental conditions are relatively dry; (2) cul-de-sac and basket traps catch ca. 4× more of both meso- and macrofauna than pitfall traps, suggesting that pitfall traps are underestimating activity; and (3) pitfall traps show a bias towards collecting 1.5× higher amounts of predators, which suggests that predation rates are higher within pitfall traps. We end with a protocol and recommendations for how to use these new traps in ecological experiments and surveys aiming at estimating soil arthropod activity.

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