scholarly journals Occurrence of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Water Environment of Poland: A Review

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2283
Author(s):  
Kinga Ślósarczyk ◽  
Sabina Jakóbczyk-Karpierz ◽  
Jacek Różkowski ◽  
Andrzej J. Witkowski
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Raw Wastewater

The issue of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the water environment has gained increasing interest worldwide. To determine the nature and extent of this problem for Poland, this paper presents a review of research on the presence of PPCPs in Poland, looking at results for different water samples, including wastewater (before and after treatment), landfill leachate, surface water (standing water bodies and rivers), seawater, groundwater and drinking water. The review is based on over 50 scientific articles and dissertations referring to studies of PPCPs. It also briefly outlines possible sources and the fate of PPCPs in the aquatic environment. The review of Polish research has revealed that studies have previously covered at least 39 PPCP groups (270 compounds in total). These studies focused mainly on wastewater and rivers, and only a few concerned landfill leachate and seawater. They most often reported on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics. The highest concentrations of the analysed PPCPs were found mainly in raw wastewater (e.g., naproxen, up to 551,960 ng/L), but they were also occasionally found in surface water (e.g., azithromycin, erythromycin, irbesartan and metoprolol) and in groundwater (e.g., N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide, known as DEET, up to 17,280 ng/L). Extremely high concentrations of bisphenol A (up to 2,202,000 ng/L) and diclofenac (up to 108,340 ng/L) were found in landfill leachate. Although numerous substances have been detected, PPCPs are still not monitored regularly, which makes it difficult to obtain a clear understanding of their incidence in the water environment.

Occurrence and Treatment of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Surface Water around the Global Region

2014 ◽  
Vol 507 ◽  
pp. 720-724
Author(s):  
Wan Qian Guo ◽  
Hai Ou Cao ◽  
Xian Jiao Zhou ◽  
Ren Li Yin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Emerging Issues

The occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in surface water, and their potential impacts on human health are emerging issues all over the world. This paper summarizes the data from worldwide research groups, aiming to illustrate the occurrence of PPCPS, and their potential threatens to human health. Furthermore, the current efficient treatment methods for the PPCPS were discussed as well.

scholarly journals Influence of Vegetarian Dietary Intervention on Urinary Paraben Concentrations: A Pilot Study with ‘Temple Stay’ Participants

Toxics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Areum Jo ◽  
Sunmi Kim ◽  
Kyunghee Ji ◽  
Younglim Kho ◽  
Kyungho Choi
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
The Temple

Personal care products and cosmetics have been identified as major sources of paraben exposure among humans. However, the contribution of dietary factors has not been well understood. We recruited temple stay participants (n = 25) who followed a strict Buddhist vegetarian diet during a five-day period, and assessed the influence of this lifestyle change, employing their urine samples collected before and after the temple stay. Before the temple stay, methylparaben (MeP) was detected at the highest levels, followed by ethylparaben (EtP), propylparaben (PrP), butylparaben (BuP), and benzophenones (BPs) in the urine samples. Following the temple stay, the urinary EtP concentrations remarkably increased from 14.0 to 105 μg/L, and were around two orders of magnitude higher than those reported from other countries. Dietary factors associated with the temple diet may partly explain the increase, because EtP is allowed in Korea for seasoning and condiments, which are frequently added in vegetarian diets. Following the temple stay, however, MeP, PrP, and BPs did not show significant decreasing trends. In contrast, BuP levels decreased significantly, especially in male urine samples, that is, from 3.60 to 1.03 μ/L, suggesting a reduced use of certain personal care products during the temple stay. Our observations outline the potential importance of dietary factors on EtP exposure, and might help explain its high exposure levels among Korean population.

Biological effects of PPCPs on aquatic lives and evaluation of river waters affected by different wastewater treatment levels

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1541-1546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arata Harada ◽  
Koya Komori ◽  
Norihide Nakada ◽  
Kiyoaki Kitamura ◽  
Yutaka Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

The existence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the water environment is an emerging problem. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of eleven PPCPs through bioassays on bacteria, algae, crustaceans, amphibians and protozoa, and compared the toxicology indexes with the concentration of PPCPs in river water for ecotoxiclogical risk evaluation. Toxicity of the eleven PPCPs was observed and the values of EC50 or LC50 were in the order of mg/L. A distinctive finding is that antibacterial triclosan affected all aquatic lives tested. The effects of PPCPs varied according to species of lives. Contamination from PPCPs was detected at observation stations on the river, and the range of concentration was in the order of ng/L far lower than the values of toxicity indexes EC50 or LC50. Ecotoxicological risks posed by PPCPs at the observation stations was evaluated using the concentration in the river water and the NOEC examined by AGI tests. The results revealed that three PPCPs, triclosan, clarithromycin, and azithromycin, posed an ecotoxiclogical risk in rivers where wastewater treatment systems are not yet well developed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document