Creation of clary sage cultivar using cell engineering methods. 2. Study of plant-regenerants at the stages of breeding process

Clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.) is a widely demanded essential oil plant. The products of its processing are used in medicine, perfumery and cosmetics, food industry, paint and varnish production. The main breeding tasks are to develop cultivars that combine high yield and quality of essential oil, resistant to abiotic and biotic stresses. All clary sage cultivars registered in the ‘State register of breeding achievements allowed for use’ Russian Federation were obtained on the basis of traditional methods. The initial breeding material of S. sclarea was obtained at the FSBSI “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea” using methods of cell engineering (induction of somaclones from callus cultures, obtaining hybrids in embryoculture and cell selection for resistance to osmotic stress). The aim of this work was to study the main economic and morphometric parameters of clary sage samples created using various biotechnological methods at the main stages of the breeding process. As a material for research, we used samples obtained in vitro using three biotechnological methods – regenerants (R2-R3) from calli of ‘C-785’ and ‘Taigan’ cultivars, obtained in isolated embryo culture hybrids (Salvia sclarea L. x S. grandiflora Etling.) and forms selected in embryoculture on a selective medium with an osmotic (mannitol or NaCl). When studying 10 sage samples (seed progeny of regenerants) in the breeding nursery (2012–2014), three that exceeded the control cultivar ‘Taigan’ in terms of basic economic characteristics were identified. The collection of essential oil from them was 1.2-1.4 times higher than in the control. In the nursery of competitive variety trials (2016–2019), when studying three samples (No. R3-1-6, 226-08 and 1-01), No. R3-1-6 was selected for a number of indicators. This sample is seed progeny of regenerant obtained by the induction of morphogenesis from callus. A characteristic feature of this sample was an increase in the number of lateral shoots per inflorescence by 41.1 %, which contributed to an increase in the mass of inflorescences. By the yield of inflorescences (162.0 c/ha) and the collection of essential oil (51.5 kg/ha), No. R3-1-6 exceeded control by 24.9 % and 43.9 %, respectively. The patent on the new clary sage cultivar ‘Selinzh’ (No. R3-1-6), in the creation of which the method of cell engineering was used for the first time, was received.

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LABORATORY EVALUATION OF REGENERATES OF WHEAT HYBRID COMBINATIONS IN VITRO AND EX VITRO CONDITIONS

ÈKOBIOTEH ◽

10.31163/2618-964x-2021-4-2-81-88 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 81-88

Author(s):

A.E. Zinatullina ◽

◽

V.I. Nikonov ◽

Keyword(s):

Embryo Culture ◽

Histological Analysis ◽

Food Resource ◽

Selective Medium ◽

Stress Factors ◽

High Yield ◽

Laboratory Evaluation ◽

Ex Vitro ◽

Culture In Vitro

Drought is the combination of climatic conditions that leads to a long-term shortage of water in the soil and air. This is one of the most common abiotic stress factors that leads to significant losses of crop yield and the emergence of a threat to food security. Researchers are actively developing ways to create drought-resistant zoned varieties of economically important agricultural crops and especially cereals as the main food resource. Such varieties should maintain a relatively high yield rate with a shortage of water in the soil and air. The aim of the work was the laboratory evaluation in vitro and ex vitro of wheat regenerants formed in the embryo culture in vitro under conditions selective for the indicator "drought resistance". Methods of embryo culture in vitro, laboratory evaluation of caryopsis viability, histological analysis, as well as statistical processing of the received results were used. Under the conditions of in vitro experiments on the selective medium simulating drought by introducing mannit at the concentration of 8% as an osmotic, regenerants of 5 hybrid wheat combinations that showed tolerance to stress were obtained. It is shown that the development of regenerants in vitro and ex vitro pass according to the same phenological phases and in the same duration as donor plants. Regenerants form caryopsises of sufficiently high quality, which is confirmed by laboratory observations of their viability and histological analysis of seedlings.

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BIONECHNOLOGY OF ESSENTIAL OIL PLANTS: CREATION OF NEW FORMS AND MICROPROPAGATION IN VITRO

10.33952/2542-0720-2021-978-5-6045452-9-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

N.A. Yegorova ◽

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Callus Cultures ◽

General Information ◽

Medium Composition ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Zygotic Embryos ◽

Foeniculum Vulgare ◽

Endogenous Factors ◽

Clonal Micropropagation

This monograph presents the results of many years research devoted to the development of complex biotechnological systems of creation the new forms and clonal micropropagation of such essential oil plants as lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.), sage (Salvia sclarea L.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), anise (Anisum vulgare Gaerth.), yarrow (Achillea spp.), essential oil rose (Rosa spp.) and geranium (Pelargonium spp.). These biotechnologies are based on the investigation of features of isolated organs, callus tissues cultivation and morphogenesis induction in vitro. Chapter I deals with the general information on the methods of cell engineering that allow creating new plant genotypes and propagating them in vitro. The following Chapters summarize biotechnological research carried out at the Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea (the former the Institute of Essential Oil and Medicinal Plants), using aromatic plant species, mainly grown in southern Russia (lavender, coriander, sage, fennel, rose yarrow etc.). The conditions of callus cultures obtaining from different explants were optimized and peculiarities of exogenous and endogenous factors effects on the callusogenesis efficiency of studied essential oil plants were detected. The methods of plant regeneration from calluses of different passages for more than fifty cultivars and samples of lavender, sage, coriander, fennel, anise, geranium, yarrow have been developed. The peculiarities of genotype, hormonal composition of culture medium, type of explant and number of passage influence on the morphogenesis induction have been determined. The means, 6 which permit to increase the frequency of organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis of callus cultures and to regenerate the plants during 1-3 years, were revealed. Furthermore, the method for creating essential oil rose hybrids using embryo culture and clonal micropropagation in vitro was developed. The peculiarities of abiotic stress factors effect at different biotechnological objects (calluses with and without morphogenesis and zygotic embryos) have been revealed. For the first time, the selective systems in vitro for screening forms with resistance to salinity, osmotic and low temperature stress have been elaborated for lavender, sage, geranium, coriander. For lavender, geranium, yarrow, fennel, rose and sage, methods of clonal micropropagation have also been created. The influence of cultivar, medium composition, explant disposition on the shoot and number of subcultivations on the propagation efficiency was shown. Based on the analysis of the regenerants from lavender, sage, geranium, coriander, yarrow and fennel calluses, the somaclonal variability by morphology and economic valuable characteristics have been determined, and prospects for breeding forms have been revealed. One of the practical results of these scientific studies is a new cultivar of clary sage Selinzh, which was created using somaclonal variants.

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Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oil from Salvia sclarea Plants Regenerated in vitro

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules14041438 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 1438-1447 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Łukasz Kuźma ◽

Danuta Kalemba ◽

Marek Różalski ◽

Barbara Różalska ◽

Marzena Więckowska-Szakiel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Salvia Sclarea

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In Vitro Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Antioxidant Activities of the Essential Oil and Methanol Extracts of Herbal Parts and Callus Cultures ofSatureja hortensisL.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/jf0340308 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 51 (14) ◽

pp. 3958-3965 ◽

Cited By ~ 200

Author(s):

M. Güllüce ◽

M. Sökmen ◽

D. Daferera ◽

G. Aǧar ◽

H. Özkan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Callus Cultures ◽

Methanol Extracts

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Genotypic variability of Pinus sylvestris L. on the drought-resistance attribute

Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding ◽

10.18699/vj19.456 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 15-23

Author(s):

E. Yu. Amineva ◽

A. P. Gureev ◽

T. M. Tabatskaya ◽

O. S. Mashkina ◽

V. N. Popov

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Tissue Culture ◽

Drought Resistance ◽

Culture Method ◽

Callus Cultures ◽

Seed Progeny ◽

Tissue Culture Method ◽

Drought Resistant ◽

Resistant Genotypes

There was an increase and intensification of droughts in connection with global climate change in recent decades. Not all plant organisms are able to adapt to changing environmental conditions. Therefore, the question of stressresistant (drought-resistant) genotypes selection for breeding is quite urgent. This problem also concerns forest tree plants, including Scots pine, which is one of the main foresters in the Voronezh region. The results of vegetative and generative sphere analysis of individual Scotch pine trees with the help of biotechnology, molecular-genetic and cytogenetic method are given in this study. The possibility of applying the tissue culture method in vitro for testing initial plants for stress resistance, including drought resistance, is explained by the interconnection of cells, tissues and the whole plant properties. It is shown that the cytogenetic characteristics of the seed progeny and the indicators of callusogenic reactions do not always coincide in different genotypes: in some cases energy resources are spent on ontogeny protection, while, in other cases, to reproductive function maintain. There are trees, in which the state the generative sphere in arid years is at the level of optimal years, and their callus cultures reaction remains unchanged even under simulated conditions of drought. Based on the results obtained for the selection of Scots pine drought-resistant genotypes we suggest applying a system of criteria characterizing both the ability of the vegetative sphere to survive in drought conditions on the basis of the tissue culture method in vitro (callus tissue formation speed, its viability, frequency of callusogenesis), and the state of the generative sphere with the help of cytogenetic analysis of seed progeny (frequency of mitosis pathologies, the proportion of cells with micronuclei, mitotic activity). The expediency of applying the biotechnological approach was proved by analysis of the gene expression level of stress proteins: the level of AbaH gene expression correlates greatly with the indicator of the viability of callus cultures, including ones on a nutrient medium with an additional stress agent (NaCl). Trees that can be assigned to drought-resistant ones, according to the results of the analysis, should be recommended for use in breeding.

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Click Chemistry as a Tool for Cell Engineering and Drug Delivery

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24010172 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 172 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Yukiya Takayama ◽

Kosuke Kusamori ◽

Makiya Nishikawa

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Click Chemistry ◽

Cell Transplantation ◽

High Specificity ◽

Cell Engineering ◽

High Yield ◽

Research Fields ◽

Direct Modification

Click chemistry has great potential for use in binding between nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and other molecules, and has been used in many research fields because of its beneficial characteristics, including high yield, high specificity, and simplicity. The recent development of copper-free and less cytotoxic click chemistry reactions has allowed for the application of click chemistry to the field of medicine. Moreover, metabolic glycoengineering allows for the direct modification of living cells with substrates for click chemistry either in vitro or in vivo. As such, click chemistry has become a powerful tool for cell transplantation and drug delivery. In this review, we describe some applications of click chemistry for cell engineering in cell transplantation and for drug delivery in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

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