Role of Dietary Fiber in the Correction of Gut Microbiocenosis Disorders Against the Background of Antibacterial Therapy

Antibiotic-associated gut microbiocenosis disorders develop on average in every third patient in the form of both mild disorders and severe life-threatening conditions. The negative impact of antibacterial agents on the gut microbiota causes a decrease in the number and species diversity of microorganisms that produce butyric acid. Low concentrations of butyric acid can often induce inflammatory and atrophic processes of the gut mucosa, the water-electrolyte balance regulation disorders and, as a result, the gut motility and functions disorders. Long-term gut microbiocenosis disorders themselves can cause the development of the disease and in future, they become factors of its progression, thereby launching a whole cascade of new pathological processes. The article analyzes a representative clinical data published in authoritative international magazines from 1990 to 2020, indicating the effectiveness of the dietary fiber (DF) management for the correction of gut microbiocenosis disorders caused by antibacterial drugs intake. Partially hydrolyzed guar gum, registered in our country under the trade name “OptiFiber”, due to its effects such as the gut regulation, abdominal pain reduction, flatus and bloating reduction, increase the resident gut microflora amount and its metabolic activity, helps to restore and maintain of the gut eubiosis. Conclusion. “OptiFiber” can be administered for a long-term intake in order to increase the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy for various infectious diseases, as well as for the correction and prevention of gut microbiocenosis disorders associated with antibacterial drugs intake

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Not all dietary fibers alleviate type 2 diabetes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-23527/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Qixing Nie ◽

He Gao ◽

Mingzhi Li ◽

Yonggan Sun ◽

Haihong Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Amino Acids ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Butyric Acid ◽

Guar Gum ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Dietary Fibers ◽

The Difference

Abstract Background High intake of dietary fiber was found to be inversely associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), whereas the difference among different dietary fibers on T2D is still not clear.Results Here we investigated the effects of 9 types of dietary fiber on type 2 diabetic rats. we found supplementation with β-glucan, arabinogalactan, guar gum, apple pectin, glucomannan, arabinoxylan (especially β-glucan and arabinogalactan treatment) significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose, whereas carrageenan, xylan and xanthan gum had no effect on glycemic control in rats with T2D. Fibers with hypoglycemic effects associated with the increased butyric acid level and abundance of beneficial bacteria (Anaeroplasma, Parabacteroides and some butyric acid-producing bacteria), as well as improved host metabolism by decreasing 12α-hydroxylated bile acids, acylcarnitines and amino acids (leucine, phenylalanine, citrulline, and etc.). It was also found that only β-glucan can attenuate insulin resistance in T2D via down-regulation of Prevotella copri mediated branched chain amino acids biosynthesis.Conclusions not all dietary fibers were able to improve T2D, which mainly relied on the improvement of composition and functions of gut microbiota.

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Long-term outcomes after penile prosthesis placement for the Management of Erectile Dysfunction: a single-Centre experience

Basic and Clinical Andrology ◽

10.1186/s12610-021-00123-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Valentine Frydman ◽

Ugo Pinar ◽

Maher Abdessater ◽

William Akakpo ◽

Pietro Grande ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Patient Satisfaction ◽

Erectile Dysfunction ◽

Penile Prosthesis ◽

Perioperative Outcomes ◽

Single Centre ◽

Satisfactory Outcome ◽

Single Centre Experience ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Few Data

Abstract Background Penile prothesis (PP) is the gold-standard treatment of drug-refractory erectile dysfunction (ED). While postoperative outcomes have been widely described in the literature, there are few data about patient satisfaction and intraoperative events. We aimed to assess long-term patient satisfaction and perioperative outcomes after PP implantation in a single-centre cohort of unselected patients using validated scales. Results A total of 130 patients received a PP (median age: 62.5 years [IQR: 58–69]; median International Index of Erectile Function (IEEF-5) score: 6 [IQR: 5–7]). Median follow-up was 6.3 years [IQR: 4–9.4]. Thirty-two (24.6%) patients underwent surgical revision, of which 20 were PP removals (15.4%). Global PP survival rate was 84.6% and previous PP placement was a risk factor for PP removal (p = 0.02). There were six (4.6%) non-life-threatening intraoperative events including two which resulted in non-placement of a PP (1.5%). EAUiaic grade was 0 for 124 procedures (95.4%), 1 for four procedures (3.1%) and 2 for two procedures (1.5%). Of patients who still had their PP at the end of the study, 91 (80.5%) expressed satisfaction. Conclusions PP implantation is a last-resort treatment for ED with a satisfactory outcome. PPs are well accepted by patients.

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Persistent, mobile and toxic (PMT) and very persistent and very mobile (vPvM) substances pose an equivalent level of concern to persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) and very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB) substances under REACH

Environmental Sciences Europe ◽

10.1186/s12302-020-00440-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sarah E. Hale ◽

Hans Peter H. Arp ◽

Ivo Schliebner ◽

Michael Neumann

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Human Health ◽

Regulatory Decision ◽

Drinking Water Resources ◽

Trade Name ◽

Chemicals Regulation ◽

Range Transport ◽

High Concern ◽

Level Of Concern

Abstract Background Under the EU chemicals regulation REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals EC 1907/2006), registrants are not obliged to provide information related to intrinsic substance properties for substances that pose a threat to the drinking water resources. In 2019, perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)-propanoic acid (HFPO-DA trade name GenX) were demonstrated to have an equivalent level of concern (ELoC) to persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic or very persistent and very bioaccumulative (PBT/vPvB) substances owing to their persistent, mobile and toxic (PMT) substance properties and very persistent and very mobile (vPvM) substance properties, respectively. They were both subsequently identified as substances of very high concern (SVHC) applying Article 57(f) in REACH. This work follows up on this regulatory decision by presenting a science based, conceptual level comparison that all PMT/vPvM substances pose an ELoC to PBT/vPvB substances. Using the two cases named above, as well as 1,4-dioxane, 16 categories were developed to evaluate a) serious effects on human health, b) serious effects on the environment and c) additional effects. 1,4-dioxane has recently been proposed to be classified as Carcinogenic 1B by the Committee for Risk Assessment (RAC). The aim was to enable an objective and scientifically justified conclusion that these classes of substances have an equivalent level of concern for the environment and human health. Results In all of the categories related to human health, the environment and other effects, the PMT/vPvM case study substances exhibited comparable effects to PBT/vPvB substances. A difference in the human and environmental exposure pathways of PMT/vPvM and PBT/vPvB substances exists as they vary temporally and spatially. However, effects and impacts are similar, with PMT/vPvM substances potentially accumulating in (semi-)closed drinking water cycles and pristine aquatic environments, and PBT/vPvB substances accumulating in humans and the food chain. Both PMT/vPvM and PBT/vPvB substances share the common difficulty that long term and long-range transport and risk of exposure is very difficult to determine in advance and with sufficient accuracy. Conclusion The registration process of substances under REACH should reflect that PMT/vPvM substances pose an equivalent level of concern to PBT/vPvB substances.

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Clinical Study of 107 Hospitalized Patients with Peritonsillar Abscess

International Journal of Practical Otolaryngology ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1722857 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 04 (01) ◽

pp. e11-e16

Author(s):

Risa Wakisaka ◽

Takumi Kumai ◽

Kan Kishibe ◽

Miki Takahara ◽

Akihiro Katada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Study ◽

Initial Treatment ◽

Peritonsillar Abscess ◽

Laryngeal Edema ◽

Antibacterial Drugs ◽

Inferior Pole ◽

Duration Of Hospitalization ◽

The Right ◽

Superior Pole

AbstractWe conducted a retrospective analysis of the data of 107 cases of peritonsillar abscess treated at our hospital between January 2014 and December 2018. Data on age, sex, affected site, duration of hospitalization, method of drainage, presence/absence of laryngeal edema, antibacterial drugs used, and isolated bacteria were analyzed. Of the 107 patients, 71 were males and 36 were females; the median age was 44 years (range: 18–88 years).The left side was affected in 55 patients, the right side in 50 patients, and both sides in two patients. The abscess was localized in the superior pole in 71 patients, and in the inferior pole in 36 patients. Thirty-five patients had laryngeal edema, of which three underwent tracheotomy. Recurrence of the abscess was observed in 15 cases, with the recurrence developing within 3 months in 7 cases, and over a period of 3 years in 4 cases. As for the sensitivity of the causative bacteria to antibacterial drugs, 17% of the causative bacteria showed resistance to clindamycin, while none showed resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam (ABPC/SBT). We concluded that ABPC/SBT might be suitable for the initial treatment of peritonsillar abscess, and that we need to bear in mind the possibility of long-term recurrence.

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The interplay of gender, social context, and long-term unemployment effects on subjective health trajectories

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10324-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Laura Altweck ◽

Stefanie Hahm ◽

Holger Muehlan ◽

Tobias Gfesser ◽

Christine Ulke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Social Context ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Subjective Health ◽

Short Term ◽

Self Rated Health ◽

Health Trajectories ◽

Lower Baseline ◽

Baseline Values

Abstract Background While a strong negative impact of unemployment on health has been established, the present research examined the lesser studied interplay of gender, social context and job loss on health trajectories. Methods Data from the German Socio-Economic Panel was used, which provided a representative sample of 6838 participants. Using latent growth modelling the effects of gender, social context (East vs. West Germans), unemployment (none, short-term or long-term), and their interactions were examined on health (single item measures of self-rated health and life satisfaction respectively). Results Social context in general significantly predicted the trajectories of self-rated health and life satisfaction. Most notably, data analysis revealed that West German women reported significantly lower baseline values of self-rated health following unemployment and did not recover to the levels of their East German counterparts. Only long-term, not short-term unemployment was related to lower baseline values of self-rated health, whereas, in relation to baseline values of life satisfaction, both types of unemployment had a similar negative effect. Conclusions In an economic crisis, individuals who already carry a higher burden, and not only those most directly affected economically, may show the greatest health effects.

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Distinct mechanisms of plasma LDL lowering by dietary fiber in the guinea pig: specific effects of pectin, guar gum, and psyllium

The Journal of Lipid Research ◽

10.1016/s0022-2275(20)39720-0 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 36 (11) ◽

pp. 2394-2404

Author(s):

M L Fernandez

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Guar Gum ◽

Specific Effects

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Health risk assessment and countermeasure analysis of the elderly population exposed to PM2.5 microenvironment

Work ◽

10.3233/wor-205361 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Yan Xu ◽

Wantian Cui

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Risk ◽

Elderly Population ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Negative Impact ◽

The Elderly ◽

Exposure Concentration ◽

Physical Diseases ◽

The Impact

BACKGROUND: China’s atmospheric PM2.5 pollution is serious, and PM2.5 exerts a negative impact on the human respiratory system, cardiovascular, and mental health, and even more serious health risk for the elderly with weak immunity. OBJECTIVE: This work aims to analyse the impacts of PM2.5 microenvironment exposure on the health of the elderly and provide corresponding countermeasures. METHODS: The survey subjects are 118 retired elderly people in the community. PM2.5 exposure concentrations are monitored in summer (June 10 ∼ July 10, 2019) and winter (November 25 ∼ December 25, 2019). RESULTS: The exposure concentration in winter is higher than that in summer, with statistical difference (P < 0.05). Under the impact of PM2.5 microenvironment exposure, smoking in the elderly can increase the concentration of PM2.5, and long-term exposure to PM2.5 in the elderly can cause mental health problems. CONCLUSION: Long-term exposure of the elderly to the PM2.5 microenvironment leads to physical diseases and even psychological problems, which requires attention.

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What is known about palliative care in adult patients with allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT)?

Annals of Hematology ◽

10.1007/s00277-021-04538-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Steffen T. Simon ◽

Anne Pralong ◽

Michael Hallek ◽

Christoph Scheid ◽

Udo Holtick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Palliative Care ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Stem Cell Transplantation ◽

Cell Transplantation ◽

Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Chronic Gvhd ◽

Care Needs ◽

Post Transplantation

AbstractPatients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) are given a real chance of cure, but at the same time are confronted with a considerable risk of mortality and of severe long-term impediments. This narrative, non-systematic literature review aims to describe the supportive and palliative care needs of allo-SCT recipients, including long-term survivors or those relapsing or dying after transplantation. It also evaluates the feasibility and effectivity of integrating palliative care early in transplant procedures. In this appraisal of available literature, the main findings relate to symptoms like fatigue and psychological distress, which appear to be very common in the whole allo-SCT trajectory and might even persist many years post-transplantation. Chronic GvHD has a major negative impact on quality of life. Overall, there is a paucity of research on further issues in the context of allo-SCT, like the distress related to the frequently unpredictable post-transplant trajectory and prognosis, as well as the end-of-life phase. First randomized controlled results support the effectiveness of early integration of specialized palliative care expertise into transplant algorithms. Barriers to this implementation are discussed.

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