Nuclear energy. Radiation protection. Individual thermoluminescence dosemeters for extremities and eyes

2000 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Energy Radiation

scholarly journals Lessons Learned: a knowledge management tool for learning about radiation accidents

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Carlos Jansen Silva ◽  
Fernando Barcellos Razuck
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Radiation Accidents ◽  
Powerful Learning ◽  
Radiation Material

According to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the lessons learned (LL) in a radiation accident are extremely important in the building of learning about accidents, identifying best practices and preventing new accidents from occurring – making that if they do, the damage could be mitigated. Thereby, it was noted that the problems identified from the accident analysis led to the adoption of a series of measures to make facilities safer and more prepared for such accidents. Thus, is evident that the analysis of the LL about radiation accidents is a powerful learning tool in the field of radiation protection, opening space for discussions of a wider knowledge about nuclear energy. It is then observed the importance of evaluating LL to strengthen the Nuclear Knowledge Management (NKM). In this sense, the objective of this paper is to demonstrate to students of a Postgraduate course on Radiation Protection how to carry out a bibliographical review on the accidents involving radiation material, based in the main publications of the IAEA about LL. It is understood that, in relation to the dissemination of knowledge, the analysis of the LL as a tool for NKM is of extra relevance, not only for studies and learning in the area, but mainly for the prevention of accidents.

scholarly journals On the formation of the first Soviet industrial service of dosimetric control at the Ural nuclear plants (1945–1960)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Irina Alekseevna Bochkareva
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Chemical Plant ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Nuclear Facilities ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
Plutonium Production

The subject of this research is the process of organizing dosimetric service on the example of the Ural nuclear complex, primarily, the most powerful plutonium plant, the pioneer of the domestic nuclear industry – “Mayak” chemical plant in the 1945 – 1960. In the course of development of complex and hazardous for people and nature nuclear technologies, the problems of radiation protection of personnel at the first nuclear facilities became urgent, as most employees have been exposed to radiation. This required a set of emergency measures to create of safe working conditions and organize dosimetric control of nuclear energy workers. Based on the declassified archival documents, a substantial part of which is being introduced into the scientific discourse for the first time, as well as the reminiscences of the Soviet nuclear project participants, the article describes the peculiarities of formation of the first domestic service of industrial dosimetry, and provides periodization of this process. This defines the scientific novelty of the research. The use of historical and genetic method allowed outlining the prerequisites for the creation of the service of dosimetric control of the nuclear energy workers, its conditionality by the specificity of implementation of the Soviet uranium project, and a range of attendant problems. The method of historical periodization determined the key stages in organizing the dosimetric service in the context of establishment of the nuclear industrial complex. The historical-retrospective method allowed assessing the results of the activity of the scholars, leadership of the chemical plant “Mayak”, experts of dosimetric service aimed at solution of the issues related to radiation protection from the standpoint of time distance. The conclusion is made that the first domestic dosimetric service formed during the difficult period of the development of plutonium production in the Ural Region and committed work of its employees considerably contributed to ensuring safety of working conditions and preserving health and lives of thousands of the participants of the crucial for the country nuclear project

scholarly journals Bioindicators in radiation protection

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (spe) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ademir Amaral ◽  
Thiago Salazar Fernandes ◽  
Mariana Brayner Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
New Methods

Biodosimetry is the evaluation of absorbed dose using bioindicators. Among chromosomal aberrations, scoring of dicentrics from peripheral human blood has been used as gold standard for biodosimetry, although in case of large scale incidents its use presents some drawbacks. Advances in technology have led to new investigations allowing or permitting the use of new methods which not only improve this "classical" biodosimetry but permits the design of other bioindicators making possible faster analyses, particularly in events where many persons may have been exposed. This report presents an overview of some recent studies developed by the "Grupo de Estudos em Radioproteção e Radioecologia - GERAR", Nuclear Energy Department of UFPE - Brazil, involving biodosimetry.

Policy and Law Relating to Radioactive Waste: International Direction and Human Rights

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
International Policy ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

The anticipated doubling of world demand for electricity over the next fifty years requires that the gift of nuclear energy that has served developed nations over the past half century must not be abandoned. However, the absence of a clear and unequivocal policy regarding the storage and disposal of radioactive waste is seen by a significant section of the public as a threat to their rights and the non-existence of dedicated regulation of radioactive waste based on law has become an obstacle to the development of nuclear energy in Europe and the USA. A European survey of public opinion carried out at the request of the European Commission revealed that three-quarters of the respondents to sixteen thousand interviews believed that ‘all radioactive waste is very dangerous’. The public perception of threat has been fostered by the general lack of appreciation of the cautious system of radiation protection that has evolved from scientific observation and prediction of the risk of cancer from exposure to low level radiation. The concept of collective dose based on the system of radiation protection and applied to accident scenarios with remote possibilities, but in the absence of scientific assessment of the balance afforded by the pragmatism that man applies to everyday risks including the risk of cancer from the ever-present background of natural radiation, has added a measure of dread to the public sense of threat. That dread has been exacerbated by the emergence since September 2001 of the possibility of the use of radioactive waste as a terrorist weapon and for radioactive waste storage facilities to be seen as terrorist targets. International policy has moved from the comprehensive coverage of nuclear regulation with radioactive waste as an integral, but minor player, in the nuclear energy process to particular consideration with radioactive waste requiring specific regulation. This paper identifies the vectors that determine the direction of the policy governing radioactive waste, the moves toward consolidation of international policy separate from the body of existing nuclear law and future direction that will clear the way for a sustained, appropriate use of nuclear energy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document