Use of k-value concept, equivalent concrete performance concept and equivalent performance of combinations concept

AbstractBecause of aggressive downscaling to increase transistor performance, the physical thickness of the SiO2 gate dielectric is rapidly approaching the limit where it will only consist of a few atomic layers. As a consequence, this will result in very high leakage currents due to direct tunneling. To allow further scaling, materials with a k-value higher than SiO2 (“high-k materials”) are explored, such that the thickness of the dielectric can be increased without degrading performance.Based on our experimental results, we discuss the potential of MOCVD-deposited HfO2 to scale to (sub)-1-nm EOTs (Equivalent Oxide Thickness). A primary concern is the interfacial layer that is formed between the Si and the HfO2, during the MOCVD deposition process, for both H-passivated and SiO2-like starting surfaces. This interfacial layer will, because of its lower k-value, significantly contribute to the EOT and reduce the benefit of the high-k material. In addition, we have experienced serious issues integrating HfO2 with a polySi gate electrode at the top interface depending on the process conditions of polySi deposition and activation anneal used. Furthermore, we have determined, based on a thickness series, the k-value for HfO2 deposited at various temperatures and found that the k-value of the HfO2 depends upon the gate electrode deposited on top (polySi or TiN).Based on our observations, the combination of MOCVD HfO2 with a polySi gate electrode will not be able to scale below the 1-nm EOT marker. The use of a metal gate however, does show promise to scale down to very low EOT values.

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Photostability Study on Character and Antioxidant Activity of Tomato Extract (Solanum lycopersicum l.) in Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) and Conventional Creame

International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology ◽

10.25258/ijddt.v7i1.8919 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Noorma Rosita ◽

Dewi Haryadi ◽

Tristiana Erawati ◽

Rossa Nanda ◽

Widji Soeratri

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Physical Stability ◽

Nanostructured Lipid Carrier ◽

Uvb Radiation ◽

K Value ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽

Tomato Extract ◽

Dpph Method ◽

High Shear Homogenization

The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of NLC in increasing photostability of tomato extract in term of antioxidant activity. Photostability testing on antioxidant activity of samples were conducted by accelerating method using UVB radiation 32.400 joule for 21 hours radiation. Antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH method. NLC was made by High Shear Homogenization (HPH) method at 24000 rpm for 4 cycles, while conventional creame was made by low speed at 400 rpm. The product were characterized include: pH, viscosity, and particle size. There were had difference characters and physical stability. NLC had smaller size, more homogenous and more stable than conventional creame. It was known that stability of antioxidant activity of tomato extract in NLC system higher than in conventional creame. That was showed with k value, as constanta of rate scavenging activity decreasing in antioxidant power between time (Sigma 2-tail less than 0.005) of NLC and conventional creame were: 2.03x10-2 %/hour ±0.08 (3.94) and 4.71x 10-2 %/ hour ±0.23 (4.88) respectively.

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Optimization of K Value in KNN Algorithm for Spam and Ham Email Classification

Jurnal RESTI (Rekayasa Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi) ◽

10.29207/resti.v4i2.1845 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 377-383

Author(s):

Eko Laksono ◽

Achmad Basuki ◽

Fitra Bachtiar

Keyword(s):

Frequency Distribution ◽

Confusion Matrix ◽

High Accuracy ◽

K Value ◽

A Value ◽

Optimal Value ◽

Classification Evaluation ◽

Email Spam ◽

Email Classification

There are many cases of email abuse that have the potential to harm others. This email abuse is commonly known as spam, which contains advertisements, phishing scams, and even malware. This study purpose to know the classification of email spam with ham using the KNN method as an effort to reduce the amount of spam. KNN can classify spam or ham in an email by checking it using a different K value approach. The results of the classification evaluation using confusion matrix resulted in the KNN method with a value of K = 1 having the highest accuracy value of 91.4%. From the results of the study, it is known that the optimization of the K value in KNN using frequency distribution clustering can produce high accuracy of 100%, while k-means clustering produces an accuracy of 99%. So based on the results of the existing accuracy values, the frequency distribution clustering and k-means clustering can be used to optimize the K-optimal value of the KNN in the classification of existing spam emails.

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A Clinical Decision Support System for Assessing the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Diabetic Hemodialysis Patients

Current Diabetes Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573399815666190531100012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 262-269

Author(s):

Tahere Talebi Azad Boni ◽

Haleh Ayatollahi ◽

Mostafa Langarizadeh

Keyword(s):

Decision Support ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Decision Support System ◽

Clinical Decision Support ◽

Support System ◽

Clinical Decision Support System ◽

Clinical Decision ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

K Value ◽

Care Plans

Background: One of the greatest challenges in the field of medicine is the increasing burden of chronic diseases, such as diabetes. Diabetes may cause several complications, such as kidney failure which is followed by hemodialysis and an increasing risk of cardiovascular diseases. Objective: The purpose of this research was to develop a clinical decision support system for assessing the risk of cardiovascular diseases in diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis by using a fuzzy logic approach. Methods: This study was conducted in 2018. Initially, the views of physicians on the importance of assessment parameters were determined by using a questionnaire. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was approved by the experts in the field of medicine. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by using the test-retest method (r = 0.89). This system was designed and implemented by using MATLAB software. Then, it was evaluated by using the medical records of diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis (n=208). Results: According to the physicians' point of view, the most important parameters for assessing the risk of cardiovascular diseases were glomerular filtration, duration of diabetes, age, blood pressure, type of diabetes, body mass index, smoking, and C reactive protein. The system was designed and the evaluation results showed that the values of sensitivity, accuracy, and validity were 85%, 92% and 90%, respectively. The K-value was 0.62. Conclusion: The results of the system were largely similar to the patients’ records and showed that the designed system can be used to help physicians to assess the risk of cardiovascular diseases and to improve the quality of care services for diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis. By predicting the risk of the disease and classifying patients in different risk groups, it is possible to provide them with better care plans.

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