scholarly journals Clinical specifics of stress-related disorders in volunteers whose activities are related to Joint Forces Operation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
H.M. Kozhyna ◽  
K.O. Zelenska ◽  
V.V. Viun ◽  
M.M. Khaustov ◽  
Yu.O. Asieieva
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Stress Disorders ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Hamilton Anxiety

A volunteer movement has emerged in Ukraine during the Revolution of Dignity and the events that followed it. Experts consider this event as an important component of civil society and the main driving force of the country’s reform. The clinical structure of post-stress disorders among examined volunteers was represented by the following nosologic forms: F 43.2 adjustment disorders (32.7% of men and 28.1% of women), F 43.1 - post-traumatic stress disorder (27.6% of men and 22.9% of women), F 41.0 - panic disorder (22.4% of men and 29.1% of women), F 41.1 - generalized anxiety disorder (17.3% of men and 19.9% of women). According to the Scale of Severity of Traumatic Stress, 62.8% of respondents have complete manifestation and 37.2% clear manifestation of stress disorder. According to the Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Rating Scale, 56.2% of subjects had a severe depressive episode, 62.1% had severe anxiety episode, 42.3% had moderate depressive episode, and 33.4% had a moderate anxiety episode. Severe clinical manifestations of PTSD were characteristic of volunteers who survived the fighting, with a high level of exposure to the traumatic event on all PTSD scales; excessive signs of stress disorder, severe or moderate depressive and anxiety episodes by the Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Rating Scale.

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Middle Age and Beyond

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-206
Author(s):  
Leisa L. Marshall ◽  
Renée L. Hayslett
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Stress Disorders ◽  
Pharmacologic Therapy ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Line Therapy ◽  
Post Traumatic

OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical manifestations and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults and older people. DATA SOURCES: Articles indexed in PubMed, Embase, psychology databases, and the Cochrane library over the past 10 years using the key words "post-traumatic stress disorder," "stress disorders," and "post-traumatic stress disorder and treatment." STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Sixty-seven publications were reviewed and criteria supporting the primary objective were used to identify useful resources. DATA SYNTHESIS: The literature included practice guidelines; review articles; original research articles; and product prescribing information for the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of PTSD. CONCLUSION: Psychotherapy is the first-line therapy for PTSD. Pharmacologic therapy is recommended, as second-line therapy, for adults living with PTSD who do not have access to psychotherapy or refuse psychotherapy. Pharmacologic therapy may also be considered in cases of partial, or no, response to psychotherapy. Current guidelines recommend prescribing one of 3 selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors, either fluoxetine, paroxetine, or sertraline, or prescribing the serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor venlafaxine, for adult patients who do not have access to psychotherapy or prefer not to use psychotherapy. Unfortunately, these recommended medications have additional cautions for use in older people so may not be appropriate for many older people living with PTSD. Therapy for older people should be tailored to patient-specific symptoms, with careful consideration of the potential benefits and risks of the therapy and coexisting medical conditions of each patient.

A PSYCHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF POST-TRAUMATIC AND PROLONGED DURESS STRESS DISORDERS

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Stress Disorders ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Symptom Profiles ◽  
Physiological Assessment ◽  
Post Traumatic

It has been proposed that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and so-called “prolonged duress stress disorder” (PDSD) have similar symptom profiles and differ only with regard to the presence or absence of a “traumatic event”. This single case experiment investigated whether PTSD can be distinguished from PDSD at the level of patho-physiology. The results indicate that both PTSD and PDSD imagery elicit physiological responses, but these are more readily and more strongly evoked by the former than the latter. These findings suggest that physiological response differences between PTSD and PDSD may be only a matter of degree. Implications are drawn for the psycho-physiological assessment of PDSD and recommendations for further research are made.

Support for the mutual maintenance of pain and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1215-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Liedl ◽  
M. O'Donnell ◽  
M. Creamer ◽  
D. Silove ◽  
A. McFarlane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Saturated Model ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundPain and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are frequently co-morbid in the aftermath of a traumatic event. Although several models attempt to explain the relationship between these two disorders, the mechanisms underlying the relationship remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between each PTSD symptom cluster and pain over the course of post-traumatic adjustment.MethodIn a longitudinal study, injury patients (n=824) were assessed within 1 week post-injury, and then at 3 and 12 months. Pain was measured using a 100-mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). PTSD symptoms were assessed using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS). Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to identify causal relationships between pain and PTSD.ResultsIn a saturated model we found that the relationship between acute pain and 12-month pain was mediated by arousal symptoms at 3 months. We also found that the relationship between baseline arousal and re-experiencing symptoms, and later 12-month arousal and re-experiencing symptoms, was mediated by 3-month pain levels. The final model showed a good fit [χ2=16.97, df=12, p>0.05, Comparative Fit Index (CFI)=0.999, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.022].ConclusionsThese findings provide evidence of mutual maintenance between pain and PTSD.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder among School-age Adolescent

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
Khalid Astitene ◽  
Hassan Aguenaou ◽  
Laila Lahlou ◽  
Amina Barkat
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reaction Index ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Post Traumatic

Aim: After a traumatic event, the person can develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the purpose of the study is to assess the prevalence of PTSD in adolescents in public middle schools of the prefecture of Salé in Morocco and study anxiety and depression which are the comorbid disorders of the PTSD. The survey was carried out from March to June 2017. Methods: 523 students were selected by the cross-sectional method from fifteen schools that were randomly selected, the age of the students vary between 12 and 17 years. For the survey, standardized questionnaires (the socio-demographic data, the Life Events Checklist, the CPTS-RI (Children's Post Traumatic Stress Reaction Index), the STAIY (State Trait Inventory Anxiety Form Y) and the CDI (Children Depression Inventory) were used which were filled in by the students. Results: The prevalence of PTSD was 70.4% in the students who have PTSD. We found that the prevalence in boys was 46.74%, while in girls it was 53.26%. In addition to that, 81% of students found to be anxious and 51.8% of students have depression. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of post traumatic stress disorder among adolescents, there are practical implications for the support and care of these adolescents.

scholarly journals Investigation of relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder and quality of life among firefighters in Birjand City at 2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sadeghi khorashad ◽  
E Rezaieyan ◽  
A Abdolahnezhad
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Stress Disorders ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

Introduction: Firefighters are at high risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and that Quality of Life (QoL) is seriously compromised in individuals who have PTSD. This study was designed to assess the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorders and quality of life among firefighters. Materials and Methods: In this analytical and cross-sectional study, all firefighters in Birjand city were selected by census method (N = 96) in 2018. PTSD and QoL status was assessed by the Persian version of the Mississippi (Eshel) and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaires, respectively. Using Cronbach's α, the Iranian version of these two scales' internal reliability has been reported to be 0.92 and more than 0.7, respectively. Data analysis using SPSS software version 21 and independent T-test, ANOVA, Tukey's test, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis. Results: The results showed that most firefighters (70.5%) were suffered from moderate PTSD symptoms (79.2± 11.7). Based on the self-report scale, 53.7% of the firefighters rated their quality of life as Good, and 43.2% of the firefighters were satisfied with their health. Statistical analysis showed that there is a statistically significant inverse relationship between PTSD score and areas of mental health (P = 0.03), social relations (P = 0.002), and environmental health (P = 0.004). Between PTSD score and physical health, no statistically significant relationship was found (P = 0.08). Conclusion: This study has proven a high rate of PTSD among firefighters and its negative correlation with the quality of their life. However, most firefighters rated their health and quality of life as good. Implementing strategies to combat mental disorders among firefighters improves the quality of their life and increases their job productivity.

Clinicians after the suicide of their patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 549-554
Author(s):  
Onja T. Grad
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Suicidal Patients

Emotional turmoil, disruption, shock, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), doubts in own competences as a professional: these are only few of many feelings and reactions that clinicians might experience when faced with the fact that patients they had treated took their lives. The range of reactions can span from none, which is rare, to severe disorders, and can sometimes result in more precautious treatment of future patients, or even in leaving the field of working with suicidal patients. How clinicians respond depends on many factors, such as the length and intensity of the treatment, the understanding of patients’ suicide, the knowledge and past experiences the clinicians have as well as the response of the patients’ family, and the response and support of the colleagues and the institution in which the treatment took place. Some of these factors can help—while others can hinder—the process of overcoming the traumatic event of patients’ suicide.

scholarly journals Psychological sequelae of political imprisonment, specifically post-traumatic stress disorder, in 491 Days by Winnie Madikizela-Mandela

Literator ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Botha
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychological Sequelae ◽  
Main Cluster ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Political Imprisonment

This article analyses well-known anti-apartheid activist Winnie Madikizela-Mandela’s prison memoir 491 Days: Prisoner Number 1323/69 (2013) for depictions of suffering. This memoir reveals aspects of politically inflicted trauma, particularly the suffering sustained in prolonged solitary confinement and the resulting psychological sequelae for the prisoner. To move beyond a vague understanding of her traumatic experiences, this article draws on the field of psychiatry, specifically the diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to gain greater insight as this tool may also be regarded as a type of narrative that could aid in the comprehension of traumatic events. References will be made to the three main cluster symptoms of PTSD: involuntary re-experiencing of the traumatic event, avoidance of reminders and an ongoing sense of threat. An interdisciplinary literary-psychological approach will probably lead to a deeper understanding of the mental consequences of political imprisonment, as PTSD was not an acknowledged disorder during Madikizela-Mandela’s detainment.

Silymarin Prevents Memory Impairments, Anxiety, and Depressive-Like Symptoms in a Rat Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Planta Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (01) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamam El-Elimat ◽  
Karem Alzoubi ◽  
Mahmoud AbuAlSamen ◽  
Zeinab Al Subeh ◽  
Tyler Graf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Post Traumatic

AbstractPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychopathological disease that is triggered by exposure to traumatic events. It is usually associated with substantial comorbidities, such as cognitive impairment, anxiety, and depression. Silymarin has been recently reported to exert neuroprotective activities against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimerʼs and Parkinsonʼs diseases. Herein, the beneficial effects of silymarin in ameliorating PTSD-like symptoms such as memory impairments, anxiety, and depression were evaluated using a single-prolonged stress (SPS) rat model of PTSD. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups: control, silymarin, SPS, or SPS + silymarin. Rats were administrated silymarin, 100 mg/kg i. p. for 4 wk. Rats in all groups were tested for short- and long-term memory in the radial arm water maze (RAWM), for anxiety-like behaviors using the open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM) test, and for depression-like symptoms using the tail suspension test (TST). Conventional analyses of the RAWM, EPM, OFT, and TST were conducted using analysis of variance. Additionally, the anxiety-related behavior parameters of the EPM and OFT were entered to principal component analysis. Regression scores based on the first two extracted components, which accounted for 61% of the variance, were indicative of the anxiolytic activity of silymarin. Collectively, the results suggest that silymarin treatment prevents SPS-induced long-term memory impairments, anxiety, and depressive-like symptoms in rat models.

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