Faculty Opinions recommendation of Recurrent de novo point mutations in lamin A cause Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome.

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Bowcock
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Lamin A ◽  
Progeria Syndrome ◽  
Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome

scholarly journals RISK FACTORS, PREVALENCE AND DIAGNOSIS OF HUTCHISON GILFORD SYNDROME WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CASE REPORTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Bhawana Sharma ◽  
Priyanka Sharma ◽  
S. C. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Splice Site ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Lamin A ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Progeria Syndrome ◽  
Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome

Progeria also known Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), is an extremely rare genetic disorder. The prevalence of HGPS is 1 in 4-8 million newborns. Progeria causes premature, rapid aging shortly after birth present within the first year of life. Recently, de novo point mutations in the Lmna gene at position 1824 of the coding sequence have been found in persons with HGPS. Lmna encodes lamin A and C, the A-type lamins, which are an important structural component of the nuclear envelope and play a role in protein processing. The most common HGPS mutation is located at codon 608 (G608G). This mutation responsible for creating a cryptic splice site within exon 11, which deletes a proteolytic cleavage site within the expressed mutant lamin A. In Progeria, gene mutation results in the deletion of a Zmpste24/FACE1 splice site in prelamin A, preventing end terminal cleavage. The result of this point mutation can be observed by the main clinical and radiological features include alopecia, thin skin hypoplasia of nails, loss of subcutaneous fat, and osteolysis. The common symptoms of HGPS is a loss of eyebrows and eyelashes which can observed in early childhood and due to receding hairline and blading can also observed. Generally, this patient has facial character include microganthia (small jaw), craniofacial disproportion, prominent eyes, scalp veins and alopecia (loss of hair), restricted joint mobility and severe premature atherosclerosis. Laboratory findings are unremarkable, with the exception of an increased urinary excretion of hyaluronic acid. There is presently no effective therapy is available for Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) but, it is essential to monitor carefully cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease So, Treatment usually includes low dose aspirin which helps prevent the atherothrombotic events, stroke and heart attacks by hindering platelet aggregation

scholarly journals Recurrent de novo point mutations in lamin A cause Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome

Nature ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 423 (6937) ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Eriksson ◽  
W. Ted Brown ◽  
Leslie B. Gordon ◽  
Michael W. Glynn ◽  
Joel Singer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Lamin A ◽  
Progeria Syndrome ◽  
Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome

Hutchinson–Gilford Progeria Syndrome (Hgps) And Application Of Gene Therapy Based Crispr/Cas Technology As A Promising Innovative Treatment Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mekha Rajeev ◽  
Chameli Ratan ◽  
Karthik Krishnan ◽  
Meenu Vijayan
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Premature Aging ◽  
Lamin A ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Progeria Syndrome ◽  
Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome

Background: Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) also known as progeria of childhood or progeria is a rare, rapid, autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by premature aging which occurs shortly after birth. HGPS occurs as a result of de novo point mutation in the gene recognized as LMNA gene that encodes two proteins Lamin A protein and Lamin C protein which are the structural components of the nuclear envelope. Mutations in the gene trigger abnormal splicing and induce internal deletion of 50 amino acids leading to the development of a truncated form of Lamin A protein known as Progerin. Progerin generation can be considered as the crucial step in HGPS since the protein is highly toxic to human cells, permanently farnesylated, and exhibits variation in several biochemical and structural properties within the individual. HGPS also produces complications such as skin alterations, growth failure, atherosclerosis, hair and fat loss, and bone and joint diseases. We have also revised all relevant patents relating to Hutchinson-gilford progeria syndrome and its therapy in the current article. Method: The goal of the present review article is to provide information about Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and the use of CRISPR/Cas technology as a promising treatment approach in the treatment of the disease. The review also discusses about different pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of treatment currently used for HGPS. Results : The main limitation associated with progeria is the lack of a definitive cure. The existing treatment modality provides only symptomatic relief. Therefore, it is high time to develop a therapeutic method that hastens premature aging in such patients. Conclusion: CRISPR/Cas technology is a novel gene-editing tool that allows genome editing at specific loci, and is found to be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of genetic disorders such as HGPS where dominant-negative mutations take place.

Emerging candidate treatment strategies for Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1279-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Strandgren ◽  
Gwladys Revêchon ◽  
Agustín Sola Carvajal ◽  
Maria Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Premature Aging ◽  
Lamin A ◽  
Lmna Gene ◽  
Progeria Syndrome ◽  
Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS, progeria) is an extremely rare premature aging disorder affecting children, with a disease incidence of ∼1 in 18 million individuals. HGPS is usually caused by a de novo point mutation in exon 11 of the LMNA gene (c.1824C>T, p.G608G), resulting in the increased usage of a cryptic splice site and production of a truncated unprocessed lamin A protein named progerin. Since the genetic cause for HGPS was published in 2003, numerous potential treatment options have rapidly emerged. Strategies to interfere with the post-translational processing of lamin A, to enhance progerin clearance, or directly target the HGPS mutation to reduce the progerin-producing alternative splicing of the LMNA gene have been developed. Here, we give an up-to-date resume of the contributions made by our and other research groups to the growing list of different candidate treatment strategies that have been tested, both in vitro, in vivo in mouse models for HGPS and in clinical trials in HGPS patients.

scholarly journals Generation of a Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome monkey model by base editing

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 809-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Wang ◽  
Weiqi Zhang ◽  
Qiaoyan Yang ◽  
Yu Kang ◽  
Yanling Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Premature Aging ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Disease Models ◽  
Monkey Model ◽  
Progeria Syndrome ◽  
Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome

Abstract Many human genetic diseases, including Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), are caused by single point mutations. HGPS is a rare disorder that causes premature aging and is usually caused by a de novo point mutation in the LMNA gene. Base editors (BEs) composed of a cytidine deaminase fused to CRISPR/Cas9 nickase are highly efficient at inducing C to T base conversions in a programmable manner and can be used to generate animal disease models with single amino-acid substitutions. Here, we generated the first HGPS monkey model by delivering a BE mRNA and guide RNA (gRNA) targeting the LMNA gene via microinjection into monkey zygotes. Five out of six newborn monkeys carried the mutation specifically at the target site. HGPS monkeys expressed the toxic form of lamin A, progerin, and recapitulated the typical HGPS phenotypes including growth retardation, bone alterations, and vascular abnormalities. Thus, this monkey model genetically and clinically mimics HGPS in humans, demonstrating that the BE system can efficiently and accurately generate patient-specific disease models in non-human primates.

Towards a Drosophila model of Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1389-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma S. Beard ◽  
Joanna M. Bridger ◽  
Ian R. Kill ◽  
David R.P. Tree
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Premature Aging ◽  
Lamin A ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Drosophila Model ◽  
Numerous Cell ◽  
Cellular Abnormalities ◽  
Progeria Syndrome ◽  
Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome ◽  
Adult Drosophila

The laminopathy Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is caused by the mutant lamin A protein progerin and leads to premature aging of affected children. Despite numerous cell biological and biochemical insights into the basis for the cellular abnormalities seen in HGPS, the mechanism linking progerin to the organismal phenotype is not fully understood. To begin to address the mechanism behind HGPS using Drosophila melanogaster, we have ectopically expressed progerin and lamin A. We found that ectopic progerin and lamin A phenocopy several effects of laminopathies in developing and adult Drosophila, but that progerin causes a stronger phenotype than wild-type lamin A.

Lamin A-linked progerias: is farnesylation the be all and end all?

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn T. Smallwood ◽  
Sue Shackleton
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Membrane Dynamics ◽  
Lamin A ◽  
Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Progeria Syndrome ◽  
Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome

HGPS (Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome) is a severe childhood disorder that appears to mimic an accelerated aging process. The disease is most commonly caused by gene mutations that disrupt the normal post-translational processing of lamin A, a structural component of the nuclear envelope. Impaired processing results in aberrant retention of a farnesyl group at the C-terminus of lamin A, leading to altered membrane dynamics. It has been widely proposed that persistence of the farnesyl moiety is the major factor responsible for the disease, prompting clinical trials of farnesyltransferase inhibitors to prevent lamin A farnesylation in children afflicted with HGPS. Although there is evidence implicating farnesylation in causing some of the cellular defects of HGPS, results of several recent studies suggest that aberrant lamin A farnesylation is not the only determinant of the disease. These findings have important implications for the design of treatments for this devastating disease.

scholarly journals A pathway linking oxidative stress and the Ran GTPase system in progeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1202-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutirtha Datta ◽  
Chelsi J. Snow ◽  
Bryce M. Paschal
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nuclear Membrane ◽  
Nucleocytoplasmic Transport ◽  
Lamin A ◽  
Mutant Form ◽  
Ran Gtpase ◽  
Nuclear Levels ◽  
Progeria Syndrome ◽  
Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship

Maintaining the Ran GTPase at a proper concentration in the nucleus is important for nucleocytoplasmic transport. Previously we found that nuclear levels of Ran are reduced in cells from patients with Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), a disease caused by constitutive attachment of a mutant form of lamin A (termed progerin) to the nuclear membrane. Here we explore the relationship between progerin, the Ran GTPase, and oxidative stress. Stable attachment of progerin to the nuclear membrane disrupts the Ran gradient and results in cytoplasmic localization of Ubc9, a Ran-dependent import cargo. Ran and Ubc9 disruption can be induced reversibly with H2O2. CHO cells preadapted to oxidative stress resist the effects of progerin on Ran and Ubc9. Given that HGPS-patient fibroblasts display elevated ROS, these data suggest that progerin inhibits nuclear transport via oxidative stress. A drug that inhibits pre–lamin A cleavage mimics the effects of progerin by disrupting the Ran gradient, but the effects on Ran are observed before a substantial ROS increase. Moreover, reducing the nuclear concentration of Ran is sufficient to induce ROS irrespective of progerin. We speculate that oxidative stress caused by progerin may occur upstream or downstream of Ran, depending on the cell type and physiological setting.

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