Faculty Opinions recommendation of Sex differences in endothelial function markers before conversion to pre-diabetes: does the clock start ticking earlier among women? The Western New York Study.

Age stage-specific changes in patterns of sleep and bedtime behavior were examined in 109 normally developing preschool-aged children who were the subjects of the New York Longitudinal Study of Temperament and Development. The data were derived from information abstracted from interviews conducted with parents about the behavior of their children in daily life situations at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years of age. The following age trends were found: older children were significantly more likely to exhibit a prolongation of bedtime routine, insist on sleeping with the light on, take a treasured object to bed, request parental attention after being told good night, and experience delays in falling asleep than were younger children. The frequency of occurrence of night awakening was not different at the different age levels examined, although older children were significantly more likely to experience nightmares. The fathers of older children were significantly more likely to participate in bedtime routines, and older children were also significantly more likely to share a bedroom with a sibling. No sex differences were found.

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Sex Differences in Aortic Endothelial Function of Streptozotocin‐induced Diabetic Rats: A Possible Role of Superoxide Production

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.1127.2 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 27 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoyuan Han ◽

Rui Zhang ◽

Leigh Anderson ◽

Roshanak Rahimian

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Superoxide Production ◽

Aortic Endothelial

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Sex Differences in the Relation Between Frailty and Endothelial Dysfunction in Old Mice

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/glab317 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jazmin A Cole ◽

Mackenzie N Kehmeier ◽

Bradley R Bedell ◽

Sahana Krishna Kumaran ◽

Grant D Henson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Mesenteric Artery ◽

Frailty Index ◽

Mesenteric Arteries ◽

Male Mice ◽

Male And Female ◽

Female Mice ◽

Age Related

Abstract Vascular endothelial function declines with age on average, but there is high variability in the magnitude of this decline within populations. Measurements of frailty, known as frailty index (FI), can be used as surrogates for biological age, but it is unknown if frailty relates to the age-related decline in vascular function. To examine this relation, we studied young (4-9 months) and old (23-32 months) C57BL6 mice of both sexes. We found that FI was greater in old compared with young mice, but did not differ between old male and female mice. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) and mesenteric artery endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD) also did not differ between old male and female mice; however, there were sex differences in the relations between FI and EDD. For the MCA, FI was inversely related to EDD among old female mice, but not old male mice. In contrast, for the mesenteric artery, FI was inversely related to EDD among old male mice, but not old female mice. A higher FI was related to a greater improvement in EDD with the superoxide scavenger TEMPOL in the MCAs for old female mice and in the mesenteric arteries for old male mice. FI related to mesenteric artery gene expression negatively for extracellular superoxide dismutase (Sod3) and positively for interleukin-1β (Il1b). In summary, we found that the relation between frailty and endothelial function is dependent on sex and the artery examined. Arterial oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory signaling are potential mediators of the relations of frailty and endothelial function.

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Everything You Wanted to Know About Sex Differences, but Were Afraid to Be Perceived as Politically Incorrect: Brain Gender, by M. Hines. 2004. New York: Oxford University Press. 307 pp., $49.50.

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617704237134 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1026-1027

Author(s):

Jeannette McGlone

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Sex And Gender ◽

Oxford University ◽

And Gender ◽

Oxford University Press

Hines finds it impossible to make distinctions between the terms “sex” and “gender,” hence their refreshing, non-political interchangeability in her new book. After examining hormonal and brain-based data, Hines concludes that science cannot yet inform us which differences are determined biologically, socially, and/or both.

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The Effect of Sex Differences on Endothelial Function and Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Hypertriglyceridemia

Cardiology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2020/2132918 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Zi Ren ◽

Jiayi Guo ◽

Xingxing Xiao ◽

Jiana Huang ◽

Manchao Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Ischemic Heart Disease ◽

Progenitor Cells ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Serum Triglycerides ◽

Gm Csf ◽

Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells

Background. Men have a higher risk and earlier onset of cardiovascular diseases compared with premenopausal women. Hypertriglyceridemia is an independent risk factor for the occurrence of ischemic heart disease. Endothelial dysfunction is related to the development of ischemic heart disease. Whether sex differences will affect the circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and endothelial function in hypertriglyceridemia patients or not is not clear. Methods. Forty premenopausal women and forty age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched men without cardiovascular and metabolic disease were recruited and then divided into four groups: normotriglyceridemic women (women with serum triglycerides level <150 mg/dl), hypertriglyceridemic women (women with serum triglycerides level ≥150 mg/dl), normotriglyceridemic men (men with serum triglycerides level <150 mg/dl), and hypertriglyceridemic men (men with serum triglycerides level ≥150 mg/dl). Peripheral blood was obtained and evaluated. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), the number and activity of circulating EPCs, and the levels of nitric oxide (NO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in plasma and culture medium were measured. Results. The number and activity of circulating EPCs, as well as the level of NO in plasma or culture medium, were remarkably increased in premenopausal females compared with those in males both in the hypertriglyceridemic group and the normotriglyceridemic group. The EPC counts and activity, as well as the production of NO, were restored in hypertriglyceridemic premenopausal women compared with those in normal women. However, in hypertriglyceridemic men, the EPC counts and activity, as well as levels of NO, were significantly reduced. The values of VEGF and GM-CSF were without statistical change. Conclusions. The present study firstly demonstrated that there were sex differences in the number and activity of circulating EPCs in hyperglyceridemia patients. Hypertriglyceridemic premenopausal women displayed restored endothelial functions, with elevated NO production, probably mediated by estradiol. We provided a new insight to explore the clinical biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for hypertriglyceridemia-related vascular damage.

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