Faculty Opinions recommendation of Theobromine inhibits sensory nerve activation and cough.

Background and Objective: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common form of nerve entrapment. Clinically, various signs and symptoms compare due to overexposure to mechanical vibrations transmitted to the wrist bones and cartilage, resulting in compression of the sensory and motor nerve fibers of median nerve. Early symptoms include nocturnal paresthesia and electromyography reveals reduced sensory nerve conduction velocity. Aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a dietary integrator composed of acetyl-L-carnitine, α-lipoic acid,quercetin, bromelain, pantothenic acid, C and B1 and B2 and B6 and B12 vitamins in patients with early (minimal) carpal tunnel syndrome. Methods: 36 patients (28 female and 8 male) with early CTS characterized by sensory nerve demyelination and inflammation of the transverse carpal ligament. Patients were divided into two groups, group A (18 patients received physical therapy) and group B (18 patients, received physical therapy and an oral integrator). Clinical (sleep quality questionnaire to measure severity of paresthesia) and neurophysiological assessment (Sensory Nerve Conduction Velocity) performed at baseline, and then at 30 and 60 days after treatment. Results: Sleep quality and Sensory Nerve Conduction Velocity data analysis show improvement in both groups at 30 and 60 days, with statistically difference between them in both time of analysis. Conclusions: In the early CTS, with sensory fibers damage, use of dietary integrator, such as Micronil Dol®, composed composed of acetyl-L-carnitine, α-lipoic acid,quercetin, bromelain, pantothenic acid, C and B1 and B2 and B6 and B12 vitamins can be effective in quick recovery of median nerve sensory.

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Axon typing of rat muscle nerves using a double staining procedure for cholinesterase and carbonic anhydrase.

Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry ◽

10.1177/39.12.1719070 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 39 (12) ◽

pp. 1617-1625 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M J Szabolcs ◽

A Windisch ◽

R Koller ◽

M Pensch

Keyword(s):

Carbonic Anhydrase ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Sensory Nerve ◽

Histological Section ◽

Trapezius Muscle ◽

Motor Units ◽

Conventional Technique ◽

Nerve Fibers ◽

Staining Procedure ◽

Muscle Nerve

We developed a method for detecting activity of axonal cholinesterase (CE) and carbonic anhydrase (CA)--markers for motor and sensory nerve fibers (NFs)--in the same histological section. To reach this goal, cross-sections of muscle nerves were sequentially incubated with the standard protocols for CE and CA histochemistry. A modified incubation medium was used for CA in which Co++ is replaced by Ni++. This avoids interference of the two histochemical reactions because Co++ binds unspecifically to the brown copper-ferroferricyanide complex representing CE activity, whereas Ni++ does not. Cross-sections of the trapezius muscle nerve containing efferent and afferent NFs in segregated fascicles showed that CE activity was confined to motor NFs. Axonal CA was detected solely in sensory NFs. The number of labeled motor and sensory NFs determined in serial cross-sections stained with either the new or the conventional technique was not significantly different. Morphometric analysis revealed that small unreactive NFs (diameter less than 5 microns) are afferent, medium-sized ones (5 microns less than d less than 7 microns) are unclassifiable, and large ones (d greater than 7 microns) are efferent. The heterogenous CE activity of thick (alpha) motor NFs is linked to the type of their motor units. "Fast" motor units contain CE reactive NFs; "slow" ones have CE negative neurites.

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Sympathetic and sensory nerve fiber function in multiple system atrophy and idiopathic Parkinson’s disease

Journal of Neurology ◽

10.1007/s00415-021-10514-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Heidrun H. Krämer ◽

Cora Rebhorn ◽

Christian Geber ◽

Frank Birklein

Keyword(s):

Detection Threshold ◽

Sensory Nerve ◽

Research Network ◽

Sensory Testing ◽

Sympathetic Function ◽

Autonomic Testing ◽

German Research ◽

Pain Sensitization ◽

Mechanical Detection ◽

Mechanical Pain Thresholds

Abstract Objective To explore small fiber somatosensory and sympathetic function in PD and MSA. Methods We recruited 20 PD patients (7 women, median age 65.5 years; IQR 54.75–70.0), 10 MSA patients (4 women; median age 68 years; IQR 66.25–74.0), and 10 healthy subjects (HC; 4 women, median age 68; IQR 59.0–71.0 years). Autonomic testing included forehead cooling, intradermal microdialysis of norepinephrine (NE; 10–5; 10–6; 10–7; and 10–8), and orthostatic hypotension (OH); somatosensory testing included quantitative sensory testing (QST) according to the protocol of the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain (DFNS). Results OH occurred more frequently in PD (p = 0.018) and MSA (p = 0.002) compared to HC. Vasoconstriction responses were stronger in PD compared to MSA during forehead cooling (p = 0.044) and microdialysis of physiologically concentrated NE solutions (10–7; 10–8; p = 0.017). PD and MSA had impaired cold (PD: p < 0.01; MSA: p < 0.05) and warm detection thresholds (PD and MSA, both p < 0.05). The mechanical detection threshold was higher in PD (p < 0.01). Conversely, mechanical pain thresholds were decreased in PD and MSA (both p < 0.001), indicating mechanical hyperalgesia. Conclusion In contrast to MSA, we found evidence of peripheral adrenoreceptor hypersensitivity in PD, probably caused by peripheral sympathetic denervation. Sensory testing revealed peripheral neuropathy and central pain sensitization in PD and MSA. Jointly, our data demonstrate autonomic and somatosensory dysfunction in PD and MSA.

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Associations of cells from both innate and adaptive immunity with lower nerve conduction velocity: the Maastricht Study

BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care ◽

10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001698 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. e001698

Author(s):

Haifa Maalmi ◽

Kristiaan Wouters ◽

Hans H C M Savelberg ◽

Jeroen H P M van der Velde ◽

Jos P H Reulen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Adaptive Immunity ◽

Conduction Velocity ◽

Nerve Conduction ◽

Nerve Conduction Velocity ◽

Essential Feature ◽

Sensory Nerve ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Innate And Adaptive Immunity

IntroductionDistal sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) is common in people with diabetes but is also found in pre-diabetes. Peripheral nerve myelin damage, which can be assessed by reduced nerve conduction velocity (NCV), is an essential feature of DSPN. Emerging evidence indicates that the development of DSPN may involve the activation of the immune system. However, available studies have mainly investigated circulating immune mediators, whereas the role of immune cells remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to test whether leukocyte subsets are associated with NCV.Research design and methodsThis cross-sectional study analyzed data from 850 individuals (of whom 252 and 118 had type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes, respectively) of the Maastricht Study. NCV was measured in the peroneal and tibial motor nerves and the sural sensory nerve and summed to calculate a standardized NCV sum score. Associations between percentages of leukocyte subsets and NCV sum scores were estimated using linear regression models adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, metabolic and clinical covariates.ResultsAfter adjustment for covariates, higher percentages of basophils and CD4+ T cells were associated with lower NCV (p=0.014 and p=0.005, respectively). The percentage of CD8+ T cells was positively associated with NCV (p=0.022). These associations were not modified by glucose metabolism status (all pinteraction >0.05). No associations were found for monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, total T cells, Treg cells and B cells.ConclusionsThe associations of basophils, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with NCV suggest that cell types from both innate and adaptive immunity may be implicated in the development of DSPN.

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Interactions between Chemesthesis and Taste: Role of TRPA1 and TRPV1

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22073360 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (7) ◽

pp. 3360

Author(s):

Mee-Ra Rhyu ◽

Yiseul Kim ◽

Vijay Lyall

Keyword(s):

Transient Receptor Potential ◽

Taste Receptor ◽

Sensory Nerve ◽

Receptor Potential ◽

Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid ◽

Trpv1 Channels ◽

Trigeminal Neurons ◽

Calcitonin Gene ◽

Transient Receptor

In addition to the sense of taste and olfaction, chemesthesis, the sensation of irritation, pungency, cooling, warmth, or burning elicited by spices and herbs, plays a central role in food consumption. Many plant-derived molecules demonstrate their chemesthetic properties via the opening of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels. TRPA1 and TRPV1 are structurally related thermosensitive cation channels and are often co-expressed in sensory nerve endings. TRPA1 and TRPV1 can also indirectly influence some, but not all, primary taste qualities via the release of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from trigeminal neurons and their subsequent effects on CGRP receptor expressed in Type III taste receptor cells. Here, we will review the effect of some chemesthetic agonists of TRPA1 and TRPV1 and their influence on bitter, sour, and salt taste qualities.

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