A Structural Perspective on the RNA Editing of Plant Respiratory Complexes

The last steps of respiration, a core energy-harvesting process, are carried out by a chain of multi-subunit complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Several essential subunits of the respiratory complexes are RNA-edited in plants, frequently leading to changes in the encoded amino acids. While the impact of RNA editing is clear at the sequence and phenotypic levels, the underlying biochemical explanations for these effects have remained obscure. Here, we used the structures of plant respiratory complex I, complex III2 and complex IV to analyze the impact of the amino acid changes of RNA editing in terms of their location and biochemical features. Through specific examples, we demonstrate how the structural information can explain the phenotypes of RNA-editing mutants. This work shows how the structural perspective can bridge the gap between sequence and phenotype and provides a framework for the continued analysis of RNA-editing mutants in plant mitochondria and, by extension, in chloroplasts.

Yau̯nā and Sakā: Identity Constructions at the Margins of the Achaemenid Empire

The Achaemenid Empire can be reasonably considered an “empire of peoples” from both an ideological and structural perspective. It included all the lands of the peoples of the world and all people helped to maintain imperial order and prosperity. In reality, the empire had boundaries and there were peoples who lived near and beyond them. Under King Darius I, groups of people were annexed at the northeastern and northwestern margins of the imperial territory, thus entering the imperial space and consequently also the Achaemenid documents. The border peoples of the Yau̯nā and Sakā were the only peoples of the empire to be differentiated through epithets, which were added to their collective names in the texts. This shows a unique process of group identity constructions by the authorities on the edges of the imperial space. The analysis of the system of epithets used to indicate the Yau̯nā and Sakā conducted in this paper allows us to draw some conclusions on the mechanisms and reasons behind these specific forms of identity constructions at the margins. Moreover, it shows how this process reflected the main directions of imperial expansion under the first Achaemenids.

Reconceptualizing Tourists’ Extraordinary Experiences

Research that conceptualizes tourist extraordinary experiences both from the structural and anti-structural perspective is limited in the tourism literature. The purpose of this research is to develop a new theoretical perspective that re-conceptualizes our understanding of tourists’ extraordinary experience by taking into consideration both the structural and anti-structural elements of an experience. It draws on phenomenological interviews with 26 food tourists. The study finds that extraordinary experience consists of elements such as profaneness, collaborative interactions and conflict-easing, which represent both the structural and anti-structural elements. The findings of this study allow us to question whether extraordinary experience is purely structural or anti-structural as suggested by previous research. Rather, based on the findings, we argue that extraordinary experience is the positive co-existence of both the ordinary and the non-ordinary. As a result, we use the term “synstructure” to conceptualize the tourist extraordinary experience.

Rezim Standar Industri Pariwisata dan Paradoks Pembangunan Desa Wisata di Indonesia: Pengalaman Desa Mangunan

The structural perspective explains well the paradox of development through the phenomenon of democratization in the trap of electoralism that does not change the inequality of power relations. This article moves in a different sense by offering the concept of governmentality in exploring the paradox of development. However, this study does not reject the argument that the paradoxical failure of development stems from the development mode that results in the depoliticization of development. The author deepens this argument by examining microscopically the types of power that work. More specifically, this study discusses the question of how the existing regime of knowledge about development produces paradoxical symptoms. Departing from the case of Mangunan Village, Bantul Regency, the findings in this study indicate that tourism development which was built in the name of a program to improve the welfare of the citizens in fact only serves the growth of the tourism industry. This can be seen from the knowledge regime that underlies the existence of the programs being carried out, namely encouraging the growth of the tourism industry that meets tourism business standards. This kind of knowledge regime is only possible for business actors who have access and resources to meet various tourism industry standards. Meanwhile, residents with limited resource capacity cannot meet various standards. In short, this kind of knowledge regime actually contributes to widening the gap in economic inequality between citizens.

THE PHENOMENON OF CONSCIOUSNESS FROM AN INTER AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVE

Contemporary science, in recent decades, reflects intensely on the phenomenon of consciousness. This fact is due to the accelerated development of cognitive sciences, biological and physical sciences, neuroscience, which have achieved certain successes in researching the problem of mind-body, consciousness. However, what is strictly required is the issue of the possibility of a scientific theory of consciousness, which would apply a new research methodology. The most recent approaches in this direction substantiate the need for research from a phenomenological structural perspective, which explains consciousness as a phenomenon determined by the subquantum level. Structural-phenomenological theory holds that this level is a profound reality regulated by specific principles and laws that make consciousness possible.

Staging Scores: Musical composition as strategy and structure of performance

In this article, we deploy overlapping conceptual frameworks to address contemporary performance work we were involved in devising, which explored the representation and utilisation of classical music from a theatrical and structural perspective. It combines Postdramatic Theatre (Lehmann, 2006), Composed Theatre (Rebstock and Roesner, 2012) and Score Theatre (Spagnolo, 2017) in order to expose how our performance practices are invested in the language, etiquettes, and compositional principles of classical music.