Faculty Opinions recommendation of Assessment of GE food safety using '-omics' techniques and long-term animal feeding studies.

This study was intended to characterize the perceived risks of urban agriculture by residents of four low-income neighborhoods in which the potential exists for further urban agriculture development and to provide data to support whether any chemical hazards and foodborne pathogens as potential food safety hazards were present. Sixty-seven residents participated in focus groups related to environmental health, food security, and urban gardening. In addition, soils from six locations were tested. Residents expressed interest in the development of urban gardens to improve access to healthy, fresh produce, but they had concerns about soil quality. Soils were contaminated with lead (Pb), zinc, cadmium (Cd), and copper, but not arsenic or chromium. Results from our study suggest paint was the main source of soil contamination. Detectable polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels in urban soils were well below levels of concern. These urban soils will require further management to reduce Pb and possibly Cd bioavailability to decrease the potential for uptake into food crops. Although the number of locations in this study is limited, results suggest lower levels of soil contaminants at well-established gardens. Soil tillage associated with long-term gardening could have diluted the soil metal contaminants by mixing the contaminants with clean soil. Also, lower PAH levels in long-term gardening could be due to enhanced microbial activity and PAH degradation, dilution, or both due to mixing, similar to metals. No foodborne pathogen targets were detected by PCR from any of the soils. Residents expressed the need for clearness regarding soil quality and gardening practices in their neighborhoods to consume food grown in these urban areas. Results from this study suggest long-term gardening has the potential to reduce soil contaminants and their potential threat to food quality and human health and to improve access to fresh produce in low-income urban communities.

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Food Safety - A Long Term Perspective in Portugal

Nutrition and Food Technology Open Access ◽

10.16966/2470-6086.121 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Baltazar AL

Keyword(s):

Food Safety

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Long-Term Impact of Community-Based Information, Education and Communication Activities on Food Hygiene and Food Safety Behaviors in Vietnam: A Longitudinal Study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0070654 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. e70654 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Kumiko Takanashi ◽

Dao To Quyen ◽

Nguyen Thi Le Hoa ◽

Nguyen Cong Khan ◽

Junko Yasuoka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Food Safety ◽

Safety Behaviors ◽

Food Hygiene ◽

Community Based ◽

Long Term Impact

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Evolving Concepts of Food Safety: The Need for Understanding Mechanisms of Food Toxicology for Public Policy

Advances in Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.33140/anfs/03/02/0010 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

Food Safety ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Critical Role ◽

The United States ◽

Microbial Pathogens ◽

Cellular Mechanisms ◽

Nutrition And Diet

Nutrition and diet, which are fundamental to human development and health, in the context of food safety, can be major determinants in the prevention and contributor to both acute and chronic diseases. While the predominant and legitimate concern is to detect and eliminate microbial pathogens that can cause acute illnesses and deaths (estimated 3-5 thousand deaths in the United States and millions of various acute disorders), food components (nutrients, pollutants, additives, processing by-products, etc.) are major factors in chronic diseases (e.g., “metabolic diseases” of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancers). They contribute to millions of long-term health problems and deaths, globally. The objective of this “Communication” is to integrate a shared underlying mechanism of toxicity between acute and chronic diseases. The traditional separation of the strategy to understand “causes” of acute and chronic diseases, while for some practical tactics is understandable (i.e. screening for food-associated pathogens), it fails to recognize that these microbial -associated toxins work by exactly the same molecular/biochemical and cellular mechanisms as the toxicants- causing chronic diseases. Since all chemicals work by mutagenic, cytotoxic or “epigenetic” alteration of gene expression at the transcriptional, translational or post-translational levels, understanding characteristics of all three of these toxicological mechanisms is important so that public policy- strategies for prevention of both these classes of food –related diseases can be made and that a solid foundation for the concept of “functional foods” be made. A moral imperative has to be given to the critical role that safe food can make during pregnancy in preventing long-term health effects later in life.

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Under the restriction of traceability mechanism, farmers should not only protect their own interests, but also ensure food safety, and make clear their responsibilities and obligations. From the long-term development, the farmers need to provide the corre

DEStech Transactions on Computer Science and Engineering ◽

10.12783/dtcse/icicee2017/17174 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Jian-hong Peng

Keyword(s):

Food Safety

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Assessment of Creatine in Sports Products

European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety ◽

10.9734/ejnfs/2021/v13i430407 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 61-63

Author(s):

Wenche Frølich ◽

Elisabet Børsheim ◽

Truls Raastad ◽

Livar Frøyland ◽

Ragnhild Halvorsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Maintenance Dose ◽

Creatine Supplementation ◽

Creatine Phosphate ◽

Creatine Monohydrate ◽

Large Individual ◽

Novel Food ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Long Term Studies

The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (Vitenskapskomiteen for mattrygghet, VKM) has at the request of the Norwegian Food Safety Authority (Mattilsynet) conducted an assessment of creatine in sports products (e.g. supplements). The evaluation has been performed by an ad hoc group, and assessed by the VKM Panel on nutrition, dietetic products, novel food and allergy. The evaluation of safety and possible risks of creatine supplementation in this opinion is based on previous reports, 23 original papers and 14 reviews from literature searches. Marketing and sales of sport products are increasing in the Nordic countries, with creatine supplements being one of four most common categories. In addition to be used by athletes, the use of creatine supplements seems to increase among general exercisers and young people. Creatine supplements are mainly used for their supposed effects on muscles mass and high intensity and short duration sport performances. Supplementation has been shown to result in higher concentration of creatine phosphate in the muscles, which is the limited substrate. For athletes, it is recommended a loading dose of 10-20 g/day for 4-7 days and a maintenance dose of 2-5 g/day for weeks or months. Some athletes continue the maintenance dose for several years. It is well documented that creatine supplementation has positive effects on muscle mass combined with strength training and performance during maximal exercise. There are however large individual variation in the response, and there are responders and non-responders. The new scientific literature, including long term studies, is in line with the EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) opinion from 2004. VKM Panel on nutrition, dietetic products, novel food and allergy supports the EFSA conclusion that supplementation of creatine in doses below 3 g/day is unlikely to pose any risks if the purity of the creatine compound is adequate. Scientific long-term studies with doses up to 5-10 g/day in adult athletes have shown no harmful effects, but there are no dose-response studies indicating a safe upper limit for creatine. The potential negative effects (impaired kidney function, weight gain and gastrointestinal disturbances) which have been published in non scientific journals and anecdotal reports have not found support in controlled systematic studies on healthy subjects. It has been indicated that individuals with impaired kidney functions should refrain from creatine supplements. Creatine-monohydrate is the most studied form of creatine supplements, and only creatine monohydrate has been included in the scientific investigations on adverse effects.

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