Faculty Opinions recommendation of Secretory antibodies in breast milk promote long-term intestinal homeostasis by regulating the gut microbiota and host gene expression.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Elson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Host Gene ◽  
Host Gene Expression ◽  
Intestinal Homeostasis ◽  
Secretory Antibodies

scholarly journals Changes in the Rumen Epithelial Microbiota of Cattle and Host Gene Expression in Response to Alterations in Dietary Carbohydrate Composition

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. e00384-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Petri ◽  
M. T. Kleefisch ◽  
B. U. Metzler-Zebeli ◽  
Q. Zebeli ◽  
F. Klevenhusen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Host Gene ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrate ◽  
Host Gene Expression ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTThe inclusion of high-quality hay (HQH), in place of concentrates, shifts dietary carbohydrate intake, and the extent to which these shifts effect epimural microbiota and epithelial gene expression of the rumen has not yet been evaluated. Eight ruminally cannulated nonlactating Holstein cows were used in a replicated 4 by 4 Latin square design with four dietary treatments containing HQH, with either 0% concentrate/100% HQH (100HQH), 25% concentrate/75% HQH (75HQH), or 40% concentrate/60% HQH (60HQH). The fourth group (control [CON]) was fed 60% normal fiber-rich hay and 40% concentrate. The data showed that measures of diversity for the rumen epimural population, specifically the Shannon (P= 0.004) and Simpson (P= 0.003) indices, decreased with increasing levels of HQH in the diet. The feeding of HQH shifted the epimural population from predominantlyFirmicutestoProteobacteria. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that HQH feeding markedly shifted the abundance ofCampylobacterspp. from 7.8 up to 33.5% (P< 0.001), with greater ingestion of protein (r= 0.63) and sugars (r= 0.65) in HQH diet being responsible for this shift. The expression of genes targeting intracellular pH regulation, barrier function, and nutrient uptake of rumen epithelium remained stable regardless of the carbohydrate source. In conclusion, the data suggest strong alterations of the ruminal epimural microbiota in response to changes in the nutritive patterns of the diet. Further research is warranted to evaluate the long-term effects of these significant microbial changes on rumen health and food safety aspects in cattle at a transcriptional level.IMPORTANCEFeeding of forages versus starchy concentrates is a highly debated topic. Hay is believed to be healthier and more ecological sustainable for cattle than are concentrates, although the effects of feeding hay with enhanced sugar and protein content on epimural microbiota and host gene expression have not yet been evaluated. This research provides a report of the role of feeding hay with increased sugar and protein content in place of starchy concentrates in altering epimural microbiota and in generating a host response. Our research shows that the addition of high-quality hay to dairy rations shifted nutrient intake, resulting in strong alterations in the epimural microbiota in cattle. This work provides a background for further long-term research regarding the effects of feeding practices on the host-microbiome interaction and its role in rumen health and food safety in cattle.

scholarly journals Regulation of Host Gene Expression by Gut Microbiota

2013 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 841-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alastair J.M. Watson ◽  
Lindsay J. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Host Gene ◽  
Host Gene Expression

Gut Microbiota, Host Gene Expression, and Aging

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. S28-S31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Patrignani ◽  
Stefania Tacconelli ◽  
Annalisa Bruno
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Host Gene ◽  
Host Gene Expression

scholarly journals Cross-Talk Between Intestinal Microbiota and Host Gene Expression in Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) Juveniles: Insights in Fish Feeds for Increased Circularity and Resource Utilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Naya-Català ◽  
Gabriella do Vale Pereira ◽  
M. Carla Piazzon ◽  
Ana Margarida Fernandes ◽  
Josep Alvar Calduch-Giner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Head Kidney ◽  
Host Gene ◽  
Gilthead Sea Bream ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Host Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Wide Range

New types of fish feed based on processed animal proteins (PAPs), insect meal, yeast, and microbial biomasses have been used with success in gilthead sea bream. However, some drawback effects on feed conversion and inflammatory systemic markers were reported in different degrees with PAP- and non-PAP-based feed formulations. Here, we focused on the effects of control and two experimental diets on gut mucosal-adherent microbiota, and how it correlated with host transcriptomics at the local (intestine) and systemic (liver and head kidney) levels. The use of tissue-specific PCR-arrays of 93 genes in total rendered 13, 12, and 9 differentially expressed (DE) genes in the intestine, liver, and head kidney, respectively. Illumina sequencing of gut microbiota yielded a mean of 125,350 reads per sample, assigned to 1,281 operational taxonomic unit (OTUs). Bacterial richness and alpha diversity were lower in fish fed with the PAP diet, and discriminant analysis displayed 135 OTUs driving the separation between groups with 43 taxa correlating with 27 DE genes. The highest expression of intestinal pcna and alpi was achieved in PAP fish with intermediate values in non-PAP, being the pro-inflammatory action of alpi associated with the presence of Psychrobacter piscatorii. The intestinal muc13 gene was down-regulated in non-PAP fish, with this gene being negatively correlated with anaerobic (Chloroflexi and Anoxybacillus) and metal-reducing (Pelosinus and Psychrosinus) bacteria. Other inflammatory markers (igm, il8, tnfα) were up-regulated in PAP fish, positively correlating the intestinal igm gene with the inflammasome activator Escherichia/Shigella, whereas the systemic expression of il8 and tnfα was negatively correlated with the Bacilli class in PAP fish and positively correlated with Paracoccus yeei in non-PAP fish. Overall changes in the expression pattern of il10, galectins (lgals1, lgals8), and toll-like receptors (tlr2, tlr5, tlr9) reinforced the anti-inflammatory profile of fish fed with the non-PAP diet, with these gene markers being associated with a wide range of OTUs. A gut microbiota-liver axis was also established, linking the microbial generation of short chain fatty acids with the fueling of scd1- and elovl6-mediated lipogenesis. In summary, by correlating the microbiome with host gene expression, we offer new insights in the evaluation of fish diets promoting gut and metabolism homeostasis, and ultimately, the health of farmed fish.

scholarly journals Starvation causes changes in the intestinal transcriptome and microbiome that are reversed upon refeeding

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayanth Jawahar ◽  
Alexander McCumber ◽  
Colin Lickwar ◽  
Caroline Amoroso ◽  
Sol Gomez de la Torre Canny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Ribosome Biogenesis ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Host Gene ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Host Gene Expression ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Host Genes

Abstract Background: The ability of animals and their microbiomes to adapt to starvation and then restore homeostasis after refeeding is fundamental to their continued survival and symbiosis. The intestine is the primary site of nutrient absorption and microbiome interaction, however our understanding of intestinal adaptations in host transcriptional programs and microbiome composition remains limited. Additionally, few studies on starvation have investigated intestinal responses to refeeding. The zebrafish presents unique opportunities to study the effects of long-term starvation and refeeding. We used RNA sequencing and 16S rRNA gene sequencing to uncover changes in the intestinal transcriptome and microbiome of zebrafish subjected to long-term starvation and refeeding compared to continuously fed controls. Results: Starvation over 21 days led to increased diversity and altered composition in the intestinal microbiome compared to fed controls, including relative increases in Vibrio and reductions in Plesiomonas bacteria. Starvation also led to significant alterations in host gene expression in the intestine, with distinct pathways affected at early and late stages of starvation. This included increases in the expression of ribosome biogenesis genes early in starvation, followed by decreased expression of genes involved in antiviral immunity and at later stages. These effects of starvation on the host transcriptome and microbiome were within 3 days after refeeding. Comparison with published datasets identified host genes responsive to starvation as well as high-fat feeding or microbiome colonization, and predicted host transcription factors that may be involved in starvation response. Conclusions: Long-term starvation induces progressive changes in microbiome composition and host gene expression in the zebrafish intestine, and these changes are rapidly reversed after refeeding. Our identification of bacterial taxa, host genes and host pathways involved in this response provides a framework for future investigation of the physiological and ecological mechanisms underlying intestinal adaptations to food restriction.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Has a Widespread and Modifiable Effect on Host Gene Regulation

mSystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison L. Richards ◽  
Amanda L. Muehlbauer ◽  
Adnan Alazizi ◽  
Michael B. Burns ◽  
Anthony Findley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Chromatin Accessibility ◽  
Host Gene ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Host Gene Expression ◽  
Host Genes

ABSTRACT Variation in gut microbiome is associated with wellness and disease in humans, and yet the molecular mechanisms by which this variation affects the host are not well understood. A likely mechanism is that of changing gene regulation in interfacing host epithelial cells. Here, we treated colonic epithelial cells with live microbiota from five healthy individuals and quantified induced changes in transcriptional regulation and chromatin accessibility in host cells. We identified over 5,000 host genes that change expression, including 588 distinct associations between specific taxa and host genes. The taxa with the strongest influence on gene expression alter the response of genes associated with complex traits. Using ATAC-seq, we showed that a subset of these changes in gene expression are associated with changes in host chromatin accessibility and transcription factor binding induced by exposure to gut microbiota. We then created a manipulated microbial community with titrated doses of Collinsella, demonstrating that manipulation of the composition of the microbiome under both natural and controlled conditions leads to distinct and predictable gene expression profiles in host cells. Taken together, our results suggest that specific microbes play an important role in regulating expression of individual host genes involved in human complex traits. The ability to fine-tune the expression of host genes by manipulating the microbiome suggests future therapeutic routes. IMPORTANCE The composition of the gut microbiome has been associated with various aspects of human health, but the mechanism of this interaction is still unclear. We utilized a cellular system to characterize the effect of the microbiome on human gene expression. We showed that some of these changes in expression may be mediated by changes in chromatin accessibility. Furthermore, we validate the role of a specific microbe and show that changes in its abundance can modify the host gene expression response. These results show an important role of gut microbiota in regulating host gene expression and suggest that manipulation of microbiome composition could be useful in future therapies.

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