Faculty Opinions recommendation of State-dependent control of breathing by the retrotrapezoid nucleus.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Dutschmann
Keyword(s):  
Control Of Breathing ◽  
Retrotrapezoid Nucleus ◽  
State Dependent

scholarly journals State-dependent control of breathing by the retrotrapezoid nucleus

2015 ◽  
Vol 593 (13) ◽  
pp. 2909-2926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G.R. Burke ◽  
Roy Kanbar ◽  
Tyler M. Basting ◽  
Walter M. Hodges ◽  
Kenneth E. Viar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Of Breathing ◽  
Retrotrapezoid Nucleus ◽  
State Dependent

Vigilance state-dependent attenuation of hypercapnic chemoreflex and exaggerated sleep apnea in orexin knockout mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Nakamura ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Masashi Yanagisawa ◽  
Yasuichiro Fukuda ◽  
Tomoyuki Kuwaki
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Ventilatory Response ◽  
Control Of Breathing ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Vigilance State ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Respiratory Parameters

Exogenous administration of orexin can promote wakefulness and respiration. Here we examined whether intrinsic orexin participates in the control of breathing in a vigilance state-dependent manner. Ventilation was recorded together with electroencephalography and electromyography for 6 h during the daytime in prepro-orexin knockout mice (ORX-KO) and wild-type (WT) littermates. Respiratory parameters were separately determined during quiet wakefulness (QW), slow-wave sleep (SWS), or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Basal ventilation was normal in ORX-KO, irrespective of vigilance states. The hypercapnic ventilatory response during QW in ORX-KO (0.19 ± 0.01 ml·min−1·g−1·%CO2−1) was significantly smaller than that in WT mice (0.38 ± 0.04 ml·min−1·g−1·%CO2−1), whereas the responses during SWS and REM in ORX-KO were comparable to those in WT mice. Hypoxic responses during wake and sleep periods were not different between the genotypes. Spontaneous but not postsigh sleep apneas were more frequent in ORX-KO than in WT littermates during both SWS and REM sleep. Our findings suggest that orexin plays a crucial role both in CO2 sensitivity during wakefulness and in preserving ventilation stability during sleep.

scholarly journals Respiratory and autonomic dysfunction in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 742-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago S. Moreira ◽  
Ana C. Takakura ◽  
Catherine Czeisler ◽  
Jose J. Otero
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Control Of Breathing ◽  
Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Experimental Animal Models ◽  
Retrotrapezoid Nucleus ◽  
Central Hypoventilation ◽  
Hypoventilation Syndrome

The developmental lineage of the PHOX2B-expressing neurons in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) has been extensively studied. These cells are thought to function as central respiratory chemoreceptors, i.e., the mechanism by which brain Pco2 regulates breathing. The molecular and cellular basis of central respiratory chemoreception is based on the detection of CO2 via intrinsic proton receptors (TASK-2, GPR4) as well as synaptic input from peripheral chemoreceptors and other brain regions. Murine models of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome designed with PHOX2B mutations have suggested RTN neuron agenesis. In this review, we examine, through human and experimental animal models, how a restricted number of neurons that express the transcription factor PHOX2B play a crucial role in the control of breathing and autonomic regulation.

scholarly journals The retrotrapezoid nucleus and the neuromodulation of breathing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago S. Moreira ◽  
Cleyton R Sobrinho ◽  
Barbara Falquetto ◽  
Luiz M Oliveira ◽  
Janayna D Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphate ◽  
Target Cell ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Retrotrapezoid Nucleus ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Ventral Medullary Surface ◽  
Respiratory Homeostasis ◽  
Wake State ◽  
Specific Cluster

Breathing is regulated by a host of arousal and sleep-wake state-dependent neuromodulators in order to maintain respiratory homeostasis. Modulators such as acetylcholine, norepinephrine, histamine, serotonin (5-HT), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), substance P, somatostatin, bombesin, orexin, and leptin can serve complementary or off-setting functions depending on the target cell type and signalling mechanisms engaged. Abnormalities in any of these modulatory mechanisms can destabilize breathing, suggesting modulatory mechanisms are not overly redundant but rather work in concert to maintain stable respiratory output. The present review focuses on the modulation of a specific cluster of neurons located in the ventral medullary surface, named retrotrapezoid nucleus, that is activated by changes in tissue CO2/H+ and regulates several aspects of breathing, including inspiration and active expiration.

scholarly journals State‐dependent regulation of breathing by the retrotrapezoid nucleus (872.10)

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Burke ◽  
Roy Kanbar ◽  
Walter Hodges ◽  
Kenneth Viar ◽  
Melissa Coates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrotrapezoid Nucleus ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Regulation Of Breathing

scholarly journals Somatostatin-expressing parafacial neurons are CO2/H+ sensitive and regulate baseline breathing

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin M Cleary ◽  
Brenda M Milla ◽  
Fu-Shan Kuo ◽  
Shaun James ◽  
William F Flynn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Respiratory Activity ◽  
Control Of Breathing ◽  
Dravet Syndrome ◽  
Inhibitory Neurons ◽  
Inhibitory Input ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Glutamatergic Neurons ◽  
Retrotrapezoid Nucleus ◽  
Synaptic Interactions

Glutamatergic neurons in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) function as respiratory chemoreceptors by regulating breathing in response to tissue CO2/H+. The RTN and greater parafacial region may also function as a chemosensing network composed of CO2/H+-sensitive excitatory and inhibitory synaptic interactions. In the context of disease, we showed that loss of inhibitory neural activity in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome disinhibited RTN chemoreceptors and destabilized breathing (Kuo et. al., 2019; 25). Despite this, contributions of parafacial inhibitory neurons to control of breathing are unknown, and synaptic properties of RTN neurons have not been characterized. Here, we show the parafacial region contains a limited diversity of inhibitory neurons including somatostatin (Sst)-, parvalbumin (Pvalb)- and cholecystokinin (Cck)-expressing neurons. Of these, Sst-expressing interneurons appear uniquely inhibited by CO2/H+. We also show RTN chemoreceptors receive inhibitory input that is withdrawn in a CO2/H+-dependent manner, and chemogenetic suppression of Sst+ parafacial neurons, but not Pvalb+ or Cck+ neurons, increases baseline breathing. These results suggest Sst-expressing parafacial neurons contribute to RTN chemoreception and respiratory activity.

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