Faculty Opinions recommendation of Evolution of flower color pattern through selection on regulatory small RNAs.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich Grotewold ◽  
Nan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Small Rnas ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Flower Color Pattern

scholarly journals Evolution of flower color pattern through selection on regulatory small RNAs

Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 358 (6365) ◽  
pp. 925-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desmond Bradley ◽  
Ping Xu ◽  
Irina-Ioana Mohorianu ◽  
Annabel Whibley ◽  
David Field ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Rnas ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Natural Hybrid ◽  
Color Patterns ◽  
Regulatory Interactions ◽  
Inverted Duplication ◽  
Biosynthesis Gene ◽  
Pigment Biosynthesis

Small RNAs (sRNAs) regulate genes in plants and animals. Here, we show that population-wide differences in color patterns in snapdragon flowers are caused by an inverted duplication that generates sRNAs. The complexity and size of the transcripts indicate that the duplication represents an intermediate on the pathway to microRNA evolution. The sRNAs repress a pigment biosynthesis gene, creating a yellow highlight at the site of pollinator entry. The inverted duplication exhibits steep clines in allele frequency in a natural hybrid zone, showing that the allele is under selection. Thus, regulatory interactions of evolutionarily recent sRNAs can be acted upon by selection and contribute to the evolution of phenotypic diversity.

scholarly journals Genetics of the Star Mutation in Petunia ×hybrida

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1007C-1007
Author(s):  
Robert Griesbach ◽  
Ron Beck
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Structural Gene ◽  
Petunia Hybrida ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Model System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Flower Color Pattern

Differences in structural gene expression are responsible for a wide range of responses from human cancer to patterned flowers. Gene silencing is one of the ways in which gene expression is controlled. We have developed a model system to study gene silencing using a gene silencing mutation in Petunia ×hybrida (Star mutation) and the ability of certain viruses to reverse the silencing mutation. This model system was used to characterize how the Star flower color pattern was controlled.

scholarly journals A New Gene for Flower Color Pattern, White Banner (wb), in Progeny of an Interspecific Hybrid between Common and Scarlet Runner Beans

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 878-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Bassett
Keyword(s):  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Genetic Stocks ◽  
Flower Color Pattern ◽  
New Gene ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Scarlet Runner Bean

A new gene for flower color pattern, designated white banner (WB), appeared in material derived from the cross `Harvester' snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) × Plant Introduction (PI) accession 273666 of scarlet runner bean (P. coccineus L.). The WB character has a white banner petal and pale violet wings (veronica-violet 639/2). The inheritance of the mutant was studied in crosses involving dry bean breeding line 5-593, which has bishops-violet (wild-type) flowers, and genetic stocks v BC2 5-593 (white flowers) and blu BC2 5-593 (blue flowers). Segregation in F2 and F3 progenies from the cross v BC2 5-593 × WB supported the hypothesis that WB is controlled by a single recessive gene that is nonallelic with the V locus. An allelism test with blu BC2 5-593 gave evidence that WB is not allelic with the blu locus. The gene symbol wb is proposed for the gene producing WB.

scholarly journals The griseoalbus (Gray-white) Seedcoat Color Is Controlled by an Allele (pgri) at the P Locus in Common Bean

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1178-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Bassett
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Genetic Stocks ◽  
Small Seed ◽  
Allelic Interaction ◽  
Black Seeds ◽  
Intense Color

A cross was made between gri (gray-white seedcoat) and p (pure-white seedcoat) using genetic stocks gri BC2 5-593 and p BC2 5-593 developed to carry only a single recessive allele for seedcoat color in an otherwise all-dominant genetic background. The recurrent parent, 5-593, is a Florida dry-bean breeding line with bishops-violet flowers, determinate habit, small seed size, shiny black seeds, and seedcoat genotype T Mar P [C r] D J G B V Rk. The F1 progeny from the above cross between gri and p had the flower color pattern and seedcoat color of the griseoalbus character (gri), but had less intense color expression. Therefore, I hypothesized that gri is an allele at the P locus (allelic interaction). The hypothesis of allelism was confirmed in the F2, which failed to segregate for bishops-violet flowers and black seed, i.e., no complementation was evident. The symbol pgri is proposed for the new allele at P, where the dominance series is P > pgri > p. The gene for gray-white seeds in gri BC2 5-593 was shown to be allelic to Lamprecht's gri gene in V0059 (PI 527716).

scholarly journals Selection and gene flow shape genomic islands that control floral guides

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (43) ◽  
pp. 11006-11011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Tavares ◽  
Annabel Whibley ◽  
David L. Field ◽  
Desmond Bradley ◽  
Matthew Couchman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Genomic Islands ◽  
Clinal Variation ◽  
Selective Sweeps ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Relative Divergence ◽  
Strong Barrier

Genomes of closely-related species or populations often display localized regions of enhanced relative sequence divergence, termed genomic islands. It has been proposed that these islands arise through selective sweeps and/or barriers to gene flow. Here, we genetically dissect a genomic island that controls flower color pattern differences between two subspecies of Antirrhinum majus, A.m.striatum and A.m.pseudomajus, and relate it to clinal variation across a natural hybrid zone. We show that selective sweeps likely raised relative divergence at two tightly-linked MYB-like transcription factors, leading to distinct flower patterns in the two subspecies. The two patterns provide alternate floral guides and create a strong barrier to gene flow where populations come into contact. This barrier affects the selected flower color genes and tightly-linked loci, but does not extend outside of this domain, allowing gene flow to lower relative divergence for the rest of the chromosome. Thus, both selective sweeps and barriers to gene flow play a role in shaping genomic islands: sweeps cause elevation in relative divergence, while heterogeneous gene flow flattens the surrounding “sea,” making the island of divergence stand out. By showing how selective sweeps establish alternative adaptive phenotypes that lead to barriers to gene flow, our study sheds light on possible mechanisms leading to reproductive isolation and speciation.

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