Faculty Opinions recommendation of Role of Interleukin-35 in sublingual allergy immunotherapy.

Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Ito
Allergy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 596-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Schmitt ◽  
Eike Wüstenberg ◽  
Denise Küster ◽  
Victoria Mücke ◽  
Niels Serup‐Hansen ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Hendra Hendra Hendra

AbstrakAlergi makanan merupakan reaksi  imun yang terjadi setelah paparan terhadap makanan tertentu. World Allergy Organization (WAO) melaporkan 22% penduduk dunia menderita alergi dan terus meningkat setiap tahun.  Data tahun 2014, diperkirakan kasus alergi makanan terjadi pada 5% dewasa dan 8% pada anak-anak. Alergi makanan adalah bagian dari reaksi hipersensitivitas, yakni hiperesponsivitas imunologik terhadap antigen spesifik, dapat berasal dari makanan atau mikroorganisme patogen maupun  produknya. Alergi  makanan menunjukkan gejala klinis lokal ataupun sistemik. Perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan mengarahkan perubahan paradigma dari pencegahan alergi yang berupa tindakan  menghindari alergen  ke arah desensitisasi dan induksi aktif toleransi imunologik. Imunoterapi dibuat berdasarkan hubungan dengan alergen spesifik. Sebagai dasar teori yaitu dengan  melakukan  peningkatan  paparan secara bertahap seorang penderita dengan alergen yang spesifik, maka diharapkan akan terjadi suatu  proses desensitisasi atau peningkatan toleransi terhadap alergen tersebut. Oral imunoterapi melibatkan makanan yang merupakan alergen dan dikonsumsi bertahap dengan peningkatan dosis. Sebagian besar protokol oral imunoterapi meliputi fase eskalasi, diikuti dengan peningkatan dosis dan dosis maintenance. Optimasi imunoterapi dapat dilakukan dengan modifikasi protokol seperti dosis, durasi, probiotik dengan imunoterapi, ataupun modifikasi dengan alergen multipel.Kata kunci: alergi makanan, imunoterapi AbstractFood allergy is immunologic reaction after food exposures. World Allergy Organization (WAO) reported 22% worldwide have allergy and keep increasing. In 2014, food allergy been speculated 5% in adult and 8% in child. Food allergy is a part of hypersensitivity, as hyperresponsiveness in immune system with spesific antigen from food. Food allergy can manifest as local or systemic. New paradigm in food allergy treatment, shifted from avoid the allergen to desensitization and tolerance. In patient with gradual exposure with spesific allergen, desensitization and tolerance been expected. Oral immunotherapy involve food consuming and increased the doses. It consist of escalation, increasing doses and maintenance. For optimizing immunotherapy, it can been modified with dosage, duration, combined with probiotic or with multiple ellergen.       Keywords: food allergy, immunotherapy


JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.


2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.


2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.


2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Whiten

Abstract The authors do the field of cultural evolution a service by exploring the role of non-social cognition in human cumulative technological culture, truly neglected in comparison with socio-cognitive abilities frequently assumed to be the primary drivers. Some specifics of their delineation of the critical factors are problematic, however. I highlight recent chimpanzee–human comparative findings that should help refine such analyses.


2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Parr

Abstract This commentary focuses upon the relationship between two themes in the target article: the ways in which a Markov blanket may be defined and the role of precision and salience in mediating the interactions between what is internal and external to a system. These each rest upon the different perspectives we might take while “choosing” a Markov blanket.


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