Faculty Opinions recommendation of Autocrine pheromone signalling regulates community behaviour in the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum.

In Wisconsin, Fusarium oxysporum, Schlect., a pathogen causing vascular wilt, is the most prevalent fungal pathogen recovered from diseased red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) plants. This study was conducted to determine the mode of inheritance for red clover resistance to this pathogen and to develop resistant germplasm. Virulent isolates of this pathogen, collected from red clover plants at the Ashland Research Station, Ashland, Wisconsin, were used to screen three populations, the red clover cultivars Arlington and Marathon and the C11 germplasm, for resistant plants. Plants were inoculated with the pathogen and evaluated for reaction, using a disease-severity index (DSI) score from 1 to 5 (1 = no reaction, 5 = plant dead). Selected plants from each cycle were intercrossed to produce subsequent generations. After two and three cycles of selection, the developed populations were simultaneously evaluated for gain from selection. The gain from selection for resistance in these populations (cycle 0 minus cycle 2) ranged from 0.31 to 0.48, 0.12 to 0.75, and 0.13 to 0.83 DSI units, respectively, for Arlington, Marathon, and C11. Estimated narrow-sense heritabilities, based on cycle-1 and cycle-2 progeny, were, respectively, 0.20 and 0.37 for Arlington, 0.15 and 0.13 for Marathon, and 0.06 and 0.17 for C11. These results indicate that resistance is a quantitative trait controlled by many loci, each contributing some portion to overall resistance in the host. Key words: Red clover, Trifolium pratense L., Fusarium oxysporum, vascular wilt, resistance

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178 Differences in Grape Phylloxera-related Grapevine Root Damage in Organically and Conventionally Managed Vineyards in California

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.34.3.472f ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 472F-473 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D.W. Lotter ◽

J. Granett ◽

A.D. Omer

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Fungal Pathogen ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Secondary Infection ◽

Soil Characteristics ◽

Root Damage ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Root Necrosis ◽

Organically Managed

Secondary infection of roots by fungal pathogens is a primary cause of vine damage in phylloxera-infested grapevines. In summer and fall surveys in 1997 and 1998, grapevine root samples were taken from organically managed vineyards (OMVs) and from conventionally managed vineyards (CMVs), all of which were phylloxera-infested. In both years, root samples from OMVs showed significantly less fungal pathogen-caused root necrosis than samples from CMVs, averaging 9% in OMVs and 31% in CMVs. There was no significant difference in phylloxera populations per 100 g of root between OMVs and CMVs, although there was a trend toward higher populations in CMVs. Soil characteristics, percent organic matter, total nitrogen, nitrate, and percent sand/silt/clay were not significantly different between the two regimes. Cultures of necrotic root tissue showed significantly higher levels of the benefical fungus Trichoderma in OMVs in 1997 but not in 1998, and there were significantly higher levels of the pathogens Fusarium oxysporum and Cylindrocarpon spp. in CMVs in 1998 but not in 1997. Implications for further research and viticulture are discussed.

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Fusarium Oxysporum Disrupts Microbiome-Metabolome Networks in Arabidopsis Thaliana Roots

10.21203/rs.3.rs-845639/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Enoch Narh Kudjordjie ◽

Kourosh Hooshmand ◽

Rumakanta Sapkota ◽

Inge S. Fomsgaard ◽

Mogens Nicolaisen

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Fungal Pathogen ◽

Plant Disease ◽

Differential Resistance ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Pathogen Invasion ◽

Plant Disease Control ◽

Microbiome Assembly

Abstract BackgroundAlthough it is well established that plant metabolomes mediate microbiome assembly, the question of how metabolome-microbiome interactions may prevent pathogen invasion remains to be answered. To address this question, we studied microbiome and metabolome profiles of two Arabidopsis thaliana accessions, Columbia-0 (Col-0) and Landsberg erecta (Ler-0) with differential resistance profiles to the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. mathioli (FOM). We used amplicon sequencing to characterize bacterial (16S) and fungal (ITS2) communities, and we used targeted metabolite analysis across 5 stages of FOM host progression. ResultsWe found that microbiome and metabolome profiles were markedly altered in FOM-inoculated and non-inoculated samples of resistant Col-0 and susceptible Ler-0. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed robust microbial networks in the resistant Col-0 compared to the susceptible Ler-0, during FOM infection. Specific metabolites and microbial OTUs (including indicator and hub OTUs) correlated in both non-inoculated and inoculated Col-0 and Ler-0. The glucosinolates 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, neoglucobrassicin and indole-3 carbinol, but also phenolic compounds were active in structuring the A. thaliana-microbiome. ConclusionsOur results highlight the interactive effects of host resistance and its associated microbiota on Fusarium infection and progression. These findings shed significant insights into plant inter-omics dynamics during pathogen invasion and could possibly facilitate the exploitation of microbiomes for plant disease control.

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The genome of opportunistic fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum carries a unique set of lineage-specific chromosomes

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-020-0770-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Yong Zhang ◽

He Yang ◽

David Turra ◽

Shiguo Zhou ◽

Dilay Hazal Ayhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Fungal Pathogen ◽

Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen

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Accessory Chromosomes in Fusarium oxysporum

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-03-20-0069-ia ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 110 (9) ◽

pp. 1488-1496

Author(s):

He Yang ◽

Houlin Yu ◽

Li-Jun Ma

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Fungal Pathogen ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Gene Density ◽

Functional Importance ◽

The Core ◽

Gene Functions ◽

Epigenetic Signatures ◽

Accessory Chromosomes

Most genomes within the species complex of Fusarium oxysporum are organized into two compartments: the core chromosomes (CCs) and accessory chromosomes (ACs). As opposed to CCs, which are conserved and vertically transmitted to carry out essential housekeeping functions, lineage- or strain-specific ACs are believed to be initially horizontally acquired through unclear mechanisms. These two genomic compartments are different in terms of gene density, the distribution of transposable elements, and epigenetic markers. Although common in eukaryotes, the functional importance of ACs is uniquely emphasized among fungal species, specifically in relationship to fungal pathogenicity and their adaptation to diverse hosts. With a focus on the cross-kingdom fungal pathogen F. oxysporum, this review provides a summary of the differences between CCs and ACs based on current knowledge of gene functions, genome structures, and epigenetic signatures, and explores the transcriptional crosstalk between the core and accessory genomes.

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