scholarly journals Faculty Opinions recommendation of Miniature neurotransmission is required to maintain Drosophila synaptic structures during ageing.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Robin Hiesinger
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Structures

Identifying Alzheimer’s Disease-related miRNA Based on Semi-clustering

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianyi Zhao ◽  
Donghua Wang ◽  
Yang Hu ◽  
Ningyi Zhang ◽  
Tianyi Zang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Feature Vector ◽  
Mirna Gene ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
Proteinprotein Interaction ◽  
Synaptic Structures

Background: More and more scholars are trying to use it as a specific biomarker for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Multiple studies have indicated that miRNAs are associated with poor axonal growth and loss of synaptic structures, both of which are early events in AD. The overall loss of miRNA may be associated with aging, increasing the incidence of AD, and may also be involved in the disease through some specific molecular mechanisms. Objective: Identifying Alzheimer’s disease-related miRNA can help us find new drug targets, early diagnosis. Materials and Methods: We used genes as a bridge to connect AD and miRNAs. Firstly, proteinprotein interaction network is used to find more AD-related genes by known AD-related genes. Then, each miRNA’s correlation with these genes is obtained by miRNA-gene interaction. Finally, each miRNA could get a feature vector representing its correlation with AD. Unlike other studies, we do not generate negative samples randomly with using classification method to identify AD-related miRNAs. Here we use a semi-clustering method ‘one-class SVM’. AD-related miRNAs are considered as outliers and our aim is to identify the miRNAs that are similar to known AD-related miRNAs (outliers). Results and Conclusion: We identified 257 novel AD-related miRNAs and compare our method with SVM which is applied by generating negative samples. The AUC of our method is much higher than SVM and we did case studies to prove that our results are reliable.

scholarly journals SYNAPTIC STRUCTURES IN THE LATERAL LINE CANAL ORGAN OF THE TELEOST FISH LOTA VULGARIS

1962 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åke Flock ◽  
Jan Wersäll
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cell ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Teleost Fish ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Sensory Epithelium ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Lateral Line Canal ◽  
Cell Plasma ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Synaptic Structures

This paper is a preliminary report on some of the results of electron microscopic studies on the lateral line canal organ of the teleost fish Lota vulgaris. It deals with the ultrastructure of the synaptic area on the hair cells of the sensory epithelium and describes the nerve endings as well as a complicated system of foldings of the hair cell plasma membranes enclosing portions of the hair cell cytoplasm in the synaptic area. These findings are discussed in the light of present knowledge of the ultrastructure of other receptoneuronal synapses.

Special Cutaneous Receptor Organs of Fish: Synaptic Structures of Eigenmannia

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
R. Bruce Szamier ◽  
Allen W. Wachtel
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Ending ◽  
Electric Fish ◽  
Receptor Cell ◽  
Weakly Electric Fish ◽  
Accessory Cell ◽  
Receptor Cells ◽  
Accessory Cells ◽  
Discrete Structures ◽  
Synaptic Structures ◽  
Weakly Electric

Special cutaneous receptor organs of fresh-water weakly electric fish are grossly similar to other receptor organs of the acoustico-lateralis system, but differ in numerous cytological details. They are presumed to function as detectors of weak electric currents. Those of Eigenmannia are of two types that have been designated tuberous and ampullary receptor organs. Parts of the lateral and basal surfaces of the receptor cells are in contact with accessory cells. A single relatively large, almost spherical, nerve ending is inserted between the basal end of each receptor cell and the subjacent accessory cell, lying within a hemispherical concavity in the base of the receptor cell.The presumed synaptic areas between each receptor cell and the nerve ending associated with it are not contiguous, but are morphologically discrete structures, separated by nonsynaptic areas of membrane (Fig. 1). Approximately thirty synaptic areas are found on each receptor cell in both kinds of organs. The surface contours of the apposed cell membranes are irregular in the nonsynaptic areas, and hence the extracellular space is variable in width. In the synaptic areas the membranes of both cells appear slightly thickened (Fig. 2), and are separated by a constant gap of about 200 Å. Fine fibrillar material spans the synaptic gap.

scholarly journals Dissecting tripartite synapses with STED microscopy

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1654) ◽  
pp. 20130597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aude Panatier ◽  
Misa Arizono ◽  
U. Valentin Nägerl
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Stimulated Emission ◽  
Tripartite Synapse ◽  
Sted Microscopy ◽  
Superresolution Microscopy ◽  
Two Photon Microscopy ◽  
Synaptic Physiology ◽  
Dynamic Events ◽  
Neuronal Synapses ◽  
Synaptic Structures

The concept of the tripartite synapse reflects the important role that astrocytic processes are thought to play in the function and regulation of neuronal synapses in the mammalian nervous system. However, many basic aspects regarding the dynamic interplay between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal structures and their astrocytic partners remain to be explored. A major experimental hurdle has been the small physical size of the relevant glial and synaptic structures, leaving them largely out of reach for conventional light microscopic approaches such as confocal and two-photon microscopy. Hence, most of what we know about the organization of the tripartite synapse is based on electron microscopy, which does not lend itself to investigating dynamic events and which cannot be carried out in parallel with functional assays. The development and application of superresolution microscopy for neuron–glia research is opening up exciting experimental opportunities in this regard. In this paper, we provide a basic explanation of the theory and operation of stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, outlining the potential of this recent superresolution imaging modality for advancing our understanding of the morpho-functional interactions between astrocytes and neurons that regulate synaptic physiology.

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