Faculty Opinions recommendation of Control of Arabidopsis shoot stem cell homeostasis by two antagonistic CLE peptide signalling pathways.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Cell Homeostasis ◽  
Cle Peptide

scholarly journals Control of Arabidopsis shoot stem cell homeostasis by two antagonistic CLE peptide signalling pathways

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenia Schlegel ◽  
Gregoire Denay ◽  
Karine Gustavo Pinto ◽  
Yvonne Stahl ◽  
Julia Schmid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Negative Feedback Loop ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Cell Homeostasis ◽  
Cle Peptide

Stem cell homeostasis in plant shoot meristems requires tight coordination between stem cell proliferation and cell differentiation. In Arabidopsis, stem cells express the secreted dodecapeptide CLAVATA3 (CLV3), which signals through the leucine-rich repeat (LRR)–receptor kinase CLAVATA1 (CLV1) and related CLV1-family members to downregulate expression of the homeodomain transcription factor WUSCHEL (WUS). WUS protein moves from cells below the stem cell domain to the meristem tip and promotes stem cell identity, together with CLV3 expression, generating a negative feedback loop. How stem cell activity in the meristem centre is coordinated with organ initiation and cell differentiation at the periphery is unknown. We show here that the CLE40 gene, encoding a secreted peptide closely related to CLV3, is expressed in the SAM in differentiating cells in a pattern complementary to that of CLV3. CLE40 promotes WUS expression via BAM1, a CLV1-family receptor, and CLE40 expression is in turn repressed in a WUS-dependent manner. Together, CLE40-BAM1-WUS establish a second negative feedback loop. We propose that stem cell homeostasis is achieved through two intertwined pathways that adjust WUS activity and incorporate information on the size of the stem cell domain, via CLV3-CLV1, and on cell differentiation via CLE40-BAM1.

scholarly journals Control of Arabidopsis shoot stem cell homeostasis by two antagonistic CLE peptide signalling pathways

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenia Schlegel ◽  
Gregoire Denay ◽  
Rene H Wink ◽  
Karine Gustavo Pinto ◽  
Yvonne Stahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Negative Feedback Loop ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Cell Homeostasis ◽  
Cle Peptide

Stem cell homeostasis in plant shoot meristems requires tight coordiantion between stem cell proliferation and cell differentiation. In Arabidopsis, stem cells express the secreted dodecapeptide CLAVATA3 (CLV3), which signals through the leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-receptor kinase CLAVATA1 (CLV1) and related CLV1-family members to downregulate expression of the homeodomain transcription factor WUSCHEL (WUS). WUS protein moves from cells below the stem cell domain to the meristem tip and promotes stem cell identity, together with CLV3 expression, generating a negative feedback loop. How stem cell activity in the meristem centre is coordinated with organ initiation and cell differentiation at the periphery is unknown. We show here that the CLE40 gene, encoding a secreted peptide closely related to CLV3, is expressed in the SAM in differentiating cells in a pattern complementary to that of CLV3. CLE40 promotes WUS expression via BAM1, a CLV1-family receptor, and CLE40 expression is in turn repressed in a WUS-dependent manner. Together, CLE40-BAM1-WUS establish a second negative feedback loop. We propose that stem cell homeostasis is achieved through two intertwined pathways that adjust WUS activity and incorporate information on the size of the stem cell domain, via CLV3-CLV1, and on cell differentiation via CLE40-BAM1.

scholarly journals Functional Specificity of the Members of the Sos Family of Ras-GEF Activators: Novel Role of Sos2 in Control of Epidermal Stem Cell Homeostasis

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2152
Author(s):  
Fernando C. Baltanás ◽  
Cynthia Mucientes-Valdivieso ◽  
L. Francisco Lorenzo-Martín ◽  
Natalia Fernández-Parejo ◽  
Rósula García-Navas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Epidermal Stem Cell ◽  
Primary Keratinocytes ◽  
Cell Homeostasis ◽  
Primary Mouse

Prior reports showed the critical requirement of Sos1 for epithelial carcinogenesis, but the specific functionalities of the homologous Sos1 and Sos2 GEFs in skin homeostasis and tumorigenesis remain unclear. Here, we characterize specific mechanistic roles played by Sos1 or Sos2 in primary mouse keratinocytes (a prevalent skin cell lineage) under different experimental conditions. Functional analyses of actively growing primary keratinocytes of relevant genotypes—WT, Sos1-KO, Sos2-KO, and Sos1/2-DKO—revealed a prevalent role of Sos1 regarding transcriptional regulation and control of RAS activation and mechanistic overlapping of Sos1 and Sos2 regarding cell proliferation and survival, with dominant contribution of Sos1 to the RAS-ERK axis and Sos2 to the RAS-PI3K/AKT axis. Sos1/2-DKO keratinocytes could not grow under 3D culture conditions, but single Sos1-KO and Sos2-KO keratinocytes were able to form pseudoepidermis structures that showed disorganized layer structure, reduced proliferation, and increased apoptosis in comparison with WT 3D cultures. Remarkably, analysis of the skin of both newborn and adult Sos2-KO mice uncovered a significant reduction of the population of stem cells located in hair follicles. These data confirm that Sos1 and Sos2 play specific, cell-autonomous functions in primary keratinocytes and reveal a novel, essential role of Sos2 in control of epidermal stem cell homeostasis.

Wnt6 regulates the homeostasis of the stem cell niche via Rac1-and Cdc42-mediated noncanonical Wnt signalling pathways in Drosophila testis

2021 ◽  
Vol 402 (1) ◽  
pp. 112511
Author(s):  
Min Wang ◽  
Xiaojin Luan ◽  
Yidan Yan ◽  
Qianwen Zheng ◽  
Wanyin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Wnt Signalling ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Drosophila Testis ◽  
Cell Niche

scholarly journals Disruption of Skin Stem Cell Homeostasis following Transplacental Arsenicosis; Alleviation by Combined Intake of Selenium and Curcumin

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e0142818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiv Poojan ◽  
Sushil Kumar ◽  
Vikas Verma ◽  
Anupam Dhasmana ◽  
Mohtashim Lohani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Homeostasis
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