Faculty Opinions recommendation of Population receptive fields in non-human primates from whole-brain fMRI and large-scale neurophysiology in visual cortex.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Brain Fmri

scholarly journals Population receptive fields in non-human primates from whole-brain fMRI and large-scale neurophysiology in visual cortex in visual cortex

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Christiaan Klink ◽  
Xing Chen ◽  
Vim Vanduffel ◽  
Pieter Roelfsema
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Receptive Field ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Gamma Power ◽  
Retinotopic Organization ◽  
Brain Fmri

Population receptive field (pRF) modeling is a popular fMRI method to map the retinotopic organization of the human brain. While fMRI-based pRF-maps are qualitatively similar to invasively recorded single-cell receptive fields in animals, it remains unclear what neuronal signal they represent. We addressed this question in awake non-human primates comparing whole-brain fMRI and large-scale neurophysiological recordings in areas V1 and V4 of the visual cortex. We examined the fits of several pRF-models based on the fMRI BOLD-signal, multi-unit spiking activity (MUA) and local field potential (LFP) power in different frequency bands. We found that pRFs derived from BOLD-fMRI were most similar to MUA-pRFs in V1 and V4, while pRFs based on LFP gamma power also gave a good approximation. FMRI-based pRFs thus reliably reflect neuronal receptive field properties in the primate brain. In addition to our results in V1 and V4, the whole-brain fMRI measurements revealed retinotopic tuning in many other cortical and subcortical areas with a consistent increase in pRF-size with increasing eccentricity, as well as a retinotopically specific deactivation of default-mode network nodes similar to previous observations in humans.

scholarly journals Topographic organization of the “third tier” dorsomedial visual cortex in the macaque

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostas Hadjidimitrakis ◽  
Sophia Bakola ◽  
Tristan A. Chaplin ◽  
Hsin-Hao Yu ◽  
Omar Alanazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Lower Quadrant ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
The Third ◽  
Upper Visual Field

AbstractThe boundaries of the visual areas located anterior to V2 in the dorsomedial region of the macaque cortex remain contentious. This region is usually conceptualized as including two functional subdivisions: the dorsal component of area V3 (V3d), laterally, and another area, named the parietooccipital area (PO) or V6, medially. However, the nature of the putative border between V3d and PO/V6 has remained undefined. We recorded the receptive fields of multiunit clusters in adult male macaques, and reconstructed the locations of recording sites using histological sections and “unfolded” cortical maps. Immediately adjacent to dorsomedial V2 we observed a representation of the lower contralateral quadrant, which represented the vertical meridian at its rostral border. This region, corresponding to V3d of previous studies, formed a simple eccentricity gradient, from approximately <5° in the annectant gyrus, to >60° in the parietooccipital sulcus. However, there was no topographic reversal where one would expect to find the border between V3d and PO/V6. Rather, near the midline, this lower quadrant map continued directly into a representation of the peripheral upper visual field, without an intervening lower quadrant representation that could be unambiguously assigned to PO/V6. Thus, V3d and PO/V6 form a continuous topographic map, which includes parts of both quadrants. Together with previous observations that V3d and PO/V6 are both densely myelinated relative to adjacent cortex, and share similar input from V1, these results suggest that they are parts of a single area, which is distinct from the one forming the ventral component of the third tier complex.Significance statementThe primate visual cortex has a large number of areas. Knowing the extent of each visual area, and how they can be distinguished from each other, are essential for the interpretation of experiments aimed at understanding visual processing. Currently, there are conflicting models of the organization of the dorsomedial visual cortex rostral to area V2 (one of the earliest stages of cortical processing of vision). By conducting large-scale electrophysiological recordings, we found that what were originally thought to be distinct areas in this region (dorsal V3, and the parietooccipital area [PO/V6]), together form a single map the visual field. These results will help guide future functional studies, and the interpretation of the outcomes of lesions involving the dorsal visual cortex.

scholarly journals Direct comparison of population receptive fields from fMRI and large-scale neurophysiological recordings in awake non-human primates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Christiaan Klink ◽  
Xing Chen ◽  
Wim Vanduffel ◽  
Pieter R. Roelfsema
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Spatial Summation ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Retinotopic Organization ◽  
Neuronal Signal ◽  
Distinct Frequency ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
Brain Fmri

AbstractPopulation receptive field (pRF) modeling is a popular method to map the retinotopic organization of the human brain with fMRI. While BOLD-based pRF-maps are qualitatively similar to invasively recorded single-cell receptive fields in animals, it remains unclear what neuronal signal they truly represent. We address this question with whole-brain fMRI and large-scale neurophysiological recordings in awake non-human primates. Several pRF-models were independently fit to the BOLD signal, multi-unit spiking activity (MUA) and local field potential (LFP) power in distinct frequency bands. Our results provide a retinotopic characterization of cortical and subcortical areas, suggest brain-wide compressive (i.e., sublinear) spatial summation, and demonstrate a visually tuned deactivation of default mode network nodes. Cross-signal analysis of pRF-map structure (eccentricity-size relation) indicates that the neural underpinnings of BOLD-pRFs are area-specific. In V1, BOLD-pRFs mirror MUA, while in V4 they are more similar to the tuning of the gamma LFP-power.

scholarly journals Author Correction: Simultaneous cortex-wide fluorescence Ca2+ imaging and whole-brain fMRI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn M. R. Lake ◽  
Xinxin Ge ◽  
Xilin Shen ◽  
Peter Herman ◽  
Fahmeed Hyder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Brain ◽  
Brain Fmri

scholarly journals Decoding the future from past experience: learning shapes predictions in early visual cortex

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 3159-3171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline D. B. Luft ◽  
Alan Meeson ◽  
Andrew E. Welchman ◽  
Zoe Kourtzi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sequence Structure ◽  
Neural Populations ◽  
Early Visual Cortex ◽  
Temporal Structures ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Sensory Predictions ◽  
Actual Stimulus ◽  
The Brain

Learning the structure of the environment is critical for interpreting the current scene and predicting upcoming events. However, the brain mechanisms that support our ability to translate knowledge about scene statistics to sensory predictions remain largely unknown. Here we provide evidence that learning of temporal regularities shapes representations in early visual cortex that relate to our ability to predict sensory events. We tested the participants' ability to predict the orientation of a test stimulus after exposure to sequences of leftward- or rightward-oriented gratings. Using fMRI decoding, we identified brain patterns related to the observers' visual predictions rather than stimulus-driven activity. Decoding of predicted orientations following structured sequences was enhanced after training, while decoding of cued orientations following exposure to random sequences did not change. These predictive representations appear to be driven by the same large-scale neural populations that encode actual stimulus orientation and to be specific to the learned sequence structure. Thus our findings provide evidence that learning temporal structures supports our ability to predict future events by reactivating selective sensory representations as early as in primary visual cortex.

Generalized signal-tuned Gabor approach for signal representation and analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (01) ◽  
pp. 1750001 ◽  
Author(s):  
José R. A. Torreão
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
Fractional Fourier Transform ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Gabor Functions ◽  
Plausible Model ◽  
Spectral Signal ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Space Frequency

The signal-tuned Gabor approach is based on spatial or spectral Gabor functions whose parameters are determined, respectively, by the Fourier and inverse Fourier transforms of a given “tuning” signal. The sets of spatial and spectral signal-tuned functions, for all possible frequencies and positions, yield exact representations of the tuning signal. Moreover, such functions can be used as kernels for space-frequency transforms which are tuned to the specific features of their inputs, thus allowing analysis with high conjoint spatio-spectral resolution. Based on the signal-tuned Gabor functions and the associated transforms, a plausible model for the receptive fields and responses of cells in the primary visual cortex has been proposed. Here, we present a generalization of the signal-tuned Gabor approach which extends it to the representation and analysis of the tuning signal’s fractional Fourier transform of any order. This significantly broadens the scope and the potential applications of the approach.

Receptive fields in the visual cortex of the opossum

1973 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 362-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Rocha-Miranda ◽  
Rocco A. Bombardieri ◽  
Francisco M. de Monasterio ◽  
Rafael Linden
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Receptive Fields

Position Selectivity in Scene- and Object-Responsive Occipitotemporal Regions

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 2089-2098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean P. MacEvoy ◽  
Russell A. Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Scene Perception ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Retinal Position ◽  
Vertical Meridian ◽  
Retinal Stimulation ◽  
Natural Vision ◽  
Visual Hemifields ◽  
Insight Into

Complex visual scenes preferentially activate several areas of the human brain, including the parahippocampal place area (PPA), the retrosplenial complex (RSC), and the transverse occipital sulcus (TOS). The sensitivity of neurons in these regions to the retinal position of stimuli is unknown, but could provide insight into their roles in scene perception and navigation. To address this issue, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure neural responses evoked by sequences of scenes and objects confined to either the left or right visual hemifields. We also measured the level of adaptation produced when stimuli were either presented first in one hemifield and then repeated in the opposite hemifield or repeated in the same hemifield. Although overall responses in the PPA, RSC, and TOS tended to be higher for contralateral stimuli than for ipsilateral stimuli, all three regions exhibited position-invariant adaptation, insofar as the magnitude of adaptation did not depend on whether stimuli were repeated in the same or opposite hemifields. In contrast, object-selective regions showed significantly greater adaptation when objects were repeated in the same hemifield. These results suggest that neuronal receptive fields (RFs) in scene-selective regions span the vertical meridian, whereas RFs in object-selective regions do not. The PPA, RSC, and TOS may support scene perception and navigation by maintaining stable representations of large-scale features of the visual environment that are insensitive to the shifts in retinal stimulation that occur frequently during natural vision.

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