Morphometrical analysis of the thoracolumbar dural sac in sheep using computed assisted myelography

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
J.-C. Ionita ◽  
E. Ludewig ◽  
W. Brehm ◽  
K. Gerlach ◽  
M. Mageed
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Injury ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Slice Thickness ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vertebral Canal ◽  
Dural Sac ◽  
Morphometrical Analysis ◽  
Anatomical Relationship

SummarySheep are frequently used as animal models in experimental spinal injury studies. Therefore, extensive knowledge of ovine spinal dimensions is essential for experimental design and interpretation of results obtained in these trials. This study aimed to obtain quantitative morphometrical data of the thoracolumbar dural sac in sheep and determine the anatomical relationship between the dural sac and the vertebral canal.Computed assisted myelography imaging was carried out in five adult German Black-Headed Mutton sheep under general anaesthesia. Transverse images were acquired with 2 mm slice thickness from the first thoracic to the sixth lumbar vertebrae. Sagittal and transverse diameters and the cross-sectional area of the dural sac and vertebral canal were measured. To determine the anatomical relationship between the dural sac and vertebral canal, the pedicledural sac distance (PPSD) and the epidural space as well as the SAC (available space for the dural sac) were calculated.Sagittal diameters of the dural sac ranged from 5.1 to 12.0 mm. Transverse diameters ranged from 5.6 to 12.2 mm. The dural sac area covered 45.9% and 49.0% of the thoracic and lumbar vertebral canal area. The PDSD in the lumbar vertebrae was up to 15.8% larger than in the thoracic ones. The dural sac area was significantly positively correlated with the transverse diameter and area of the vertebral canal.The lumbar vertebral canal contained more space for the dural sac, which seems to be safer for testing spinal implants.

scholarly journals Radiometric Analysis of Body and Canal of Lumbar Vertebrae among Population of Central Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Dil Islam Mansur ◽  
Subindra Karki ◽  
Dilip Kumar Mehta ◽  
Pragya Shrestha ◽  
Sunima Maskey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cauda Equina ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vertebral Canal ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Neurological Features ◽  
The Common

Background: Lumbar region is the most vulnerable area for the common symptom of backache. The lumbar part of spinal canal encloses the cauda equina. Narrowing of the canal can be either developmental or acquired. This leads to compression of the cauda equina and subsequently pain develops which may be further associated with neurological features. The aim of the present study was to measure the dimensions of lumbar vertebrae.  Methods: The present study was a descriptive and cross-sectional type. It consisted of 266 images of computed tomography scan of individuals. The various dimensions of lumbar vertebral canal and body were measured in millimeter. The descriptive statistical analysis was done. Results: The mean of the transverse diameter of lumbar vertebral canal increased from L1 to L5 but the antero-posterior diameter decreased from L1 to L4 followed by increased at L5. It was also observed that both transverse and antero-posterior diameter of body progressively increased from L1 to L5 vertebrae. The canal-body ratio was inconsistent for any vertebral level. There were sig­nificant differences in various dimensions of lumbar vertebrae between males and females. Conclusions: All the measured diameters of canal and body revealed increasing cranio-caudally  sequence in the lumbar part of spine. The antero-posterior diameter of canal could attract the attention of clinician as an important structural change with significant radiological and clinical implications. Keywords: back pain; lumbar vertebrae; stenosis  

Morphologic Changes in the Upper Airway of Children during Awakening from Propofol Administration

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Litman ◽  
Eric E. Weissend ◽  
David A. Shrier ◽  
Denham S. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Soft Palate ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Propofol Sedation ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Morphologic Changes

Background The purpose of this study was to determine the morphologic changes that occur in the upper airway of children during awakening from propofol sedation. Methods Children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging of the head underwent additional scans of the upper airway during deep sedation with propofol; this was repeated on awakening. Axial views were obtained at the most posterior sites of the pharynx at the levels of the soft palate and tongue. Measurements were then obtained of the anterior-posterior (A-P) diameter, transverse diameter, and cross-sectional areas at these levels. Results Data were obtained on 16 children, aged 10 months to 7 yr. In both sedated and awakening states, most children had the smallest cross-sectional area of the pharynx at the level of the soft palate. During the sedated state, at the soft palate level, the transverse diameter was most narrow in 11 children, the A-P diameter was most narrow in 1 child, and they were equal in 2 children. During the sedated state, at the level of the tongue, the transverse diameter was most narrow in 9 children, the A-P diameter was most narrow in 5 children, and they were equal in 2 children. During awakening, at the soft palate level, the transverse diameter was most narrow in none of the children, the A-P diameter was most narrow in 13 children, and they were equal in 1 child. At the level of the tongue, the transverse diameter was most narrow in 4 children, and the A-P diameter was most narrow in 12 children. During awakening, the A-P diameter of the pharynx at the level of the soft palate decreased in 12 children, increased in 1 child, and remained the same in 1 child. (P < 0.001). The transverse diameter increased in 11 children, decreased in 1 child, and remained the same in 2 children (P = 0.001). The cross-sectional area at the level of the soft palate increased in 4 children, decreased in 8 children, and stayed the same in 2 children (P = 0.5). During awakening, the A-P diameter of the pharynx at the level of the tongue decreased in 11 children, increased in 4 children, and remained the same in 1 child. (P = 0.01). The transverse diameter increased in 11 children and decreased in 5 children (P = 0.07). The cross-sectional area at the level of the tongue increased in 7 children, decreased in 7 children, and stayed the same in 2 children (P = 0.9). Conclusions The dimensions of the upper airways of children change shape significantly on awakening from propofol sedation. When sedated, the upper airway is oblong shaped, with the A-P diameter larger than the transverse diameter. On awakening, the shape of the upper airway in most children changed such that the transverse diameter was larger. Cross-sectional areas between sedated and awakening states were unchanged. These changes may reflect the differential effects of propofol on upper airway musculature during awakening.

Study of dural sac cross-sectional area in early and late phases after lumbar decompression surgery

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1088-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Oba ◽  
Jun Takahashi ◽  
Toshimasa Futatsugi ◽  
Yuji Mogami ◽  
Syunichi Shibata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Decompression Surgery ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lumbar Decompression ◽  
Dural Sac ◽  
Lumbar Decompression Surgery

FETAL HEART SIZE MEASURED IN VIVO BY ULTRASOUND

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-27
Author(s):  
William J. Garrett ◽  
David E. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Heart Size ◽  
The Right

In the course of routine, two-dimensional ultrasonic echoscopy, echograms have been obtained which show the outline of the fetal heart and interventricular septum. Measurements of the echograms show the fetal heart to occupy 21% of the cross-sectional area of the chest at its widest transverse diameter and to occupy 52% of the transverse diameter of the chest at the same level. The ratio of the tranverse diameter of the left ventricle to that of the right (L.V. ÷ R.V.) is 1.23. The fetal heart grows at the same rate as the fetal chest in the last 8 weeks of pregnancy.

Variability in the distance from the end of the gray matter to the end of the conus medullaris: a case-triggered histological investigation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Maximilian Scheer ◽  
Bruno Griesler ◽  
Elisabeth Ottlik ◽  
Christian Strauss ◽  
Christian Mawrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Examination ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Conus Medullaris ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Variations

OBJECTIVE The background for this investigation was the dramatic course of a 14-year-old girl with a spontaneous hemorrhage in the area of the conus medullaris resulting in a complete cross-sectional syndrome with bladder and bowel dysfunction. Despite immediate surgical treatment, the patient showed close to no postoperative improvement. Subsequent histopathological examination of the removed masses revealed a cavernoma. To better understand the link between the site and symptoms of conus medullaris lesions, the authors performed a literature search and then histological examination of the conus medullaris of 18 cadaveric specimens from body donors. METHODS After a literature search regarding the histological features of the structure of the conus medullaris did not lead to satisfying results, the authors performed histological examination of the conus medullaris in 18 cadaveric specimens from body donors. The largest (a) and smallest (b) diameters of the conus medullaris were measured, noting individual variations in the distance from the caudal ending of the gray matter to the macroscopically visible end of the conus medullaris. Correlations of these differences with sex, body height, gray matter transverse diameter, and cross-sectional area at the end of the gray matter were analyzed. RESULTS Gray matter displayed in the form of a butterfly figure was found along almost the entire length of the conus medullaris. The specific slide containing the end of the gray matter was noted. The distance between the caudal ending of the gray matter in the conus and the macroscopical end of the conus medullaris was defined as the gray matter to cone termination (GMCT) distance. There were great individual variations in the distance from the caudal ending of the gray matter to the macroscopically visible end of the conus medullaris. Analysis of the correlations of these differences with sex, body height, gray matter transverse diameter, and cross-sectional area at the end of the gray matter showed no significant sex-specific differences in the GMCT distance. Patient body height and transverse diameter at the end of the gray matter were found to be correlated positively with the GMCT distance. Moreover, greater height also correlated positively with the cross-sectional area at the end of the gray matter. CONCLUSIONS This report is, to the authors’ knowledge, the first published description of the histological structure of the conus medullaris and can serve as the basis for a better understanding of neurological deficits in patients with a conus medullaris syndrome. Findings that gray matter can be detected far into the conus medullaris, with large individual differences in the endpoint of the gray matter, are important for operative care of intramedullary masses and vascular malformations in this area. It is therefore important to use electrophysiological monitoring during these operations.

Biometrical sexual differentiation of fourth, fifth and sixth lumbar vertebrae in blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sathapathy ◽  
B.S. Dhote ◽  
D. Mahanta ◽  
S. Tamilselvan ◽  
M. Mrigesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Transverse Process ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Vertebral Canal ◽  
Fifth Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Wild Life

The present study was carried out on the lumbar vertebrae of adult Blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus) of either sex. Biometrical observations on different parameters of lumbar vertebrae reflected significance (P Less than 0.05) differences between the sexes of this species. It was confirmed that the average length of body gradually decreased from fourth to sixth lumbar vertebrae in the Blue bull. The average transverse diameter or width of vertebral canal and average vertical diameter or height of the vertebral canal was largest in the sixth lumbar vertebra. The average length of transverse process gradually increased from fourth to fifth lumbar vertebra and then it suddenly decreased in the sixth lumbar vertebra. The average height of the dorsal supraspinous process gradually decreased from fourth to sixth lumbar vertebrae and it was lowest in the sixth one. The data on the biometry of fourth, fifth and sixth lumbar vertebrae of Blue bull would develop a baseline that could be useful to the wild life Veterinarians in identification and solving vetero-legal cases.

Cross-sectional Area of Lumbar Vertebrae in Peri- and Postmenopausal Patients With and Without Osteoporosis

2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Link ◽  
M. Dören ◽  
G. Lewing ◽  
N. Meier ◽  
A. Heinecke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document