Tibial anatomy in normal small breed dogs including anisometry of various extracapsular stabilizing suture attachment sites

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (05) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Witte
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Patellar Tendon ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Attachment Site ◽  
Tibial Tuberosity ◽  
Attachment Sites ◽  
Suture Placement ◽  
Small Breed

SummaryObjectives: To investigate proximal tibial anatomy and its influence on anisometry of extracapsular stabilizing sutures in small dog breeds.Materials and methods: Mediolateral radiographs of the femora, stifles, and tibiae of 12 small breed dogs were acquired with the stifles positioned at various angles. Measurements taken included tibial plateau angle (TPA), diaphyseal: proximal tibial angle (DPA), patellar tendon angle (PTA), Z-angle, relative tibial tuberosity width (rTTW), and the distance between six combinations of two femoral and three tibial extra-capsular stabilizing suture (ECS) attachment sites. Theoretical strain through stifle range-of- motion was recorded.Results: The TPA (32° ± 5.8°), DPA (10.2° ± 7.3°), PTA (103.7° ± 6.2°), and Z-angle (70.4° ± 9.0°) were positively correlated with one another (R >0.7), but none were correlated with rTTW (0.93 ± 0.10). The F2-T1 combination of ECS attachment sites had lowest strain for nine stifles. The shortest attachment site separation was at a stifle flexion of 50° for nine stifles. Proximal tibial anatomy measurements could not predict optimal attachment site combination, optimal stifle angle for suture placement, or ECS strain.Clinical significance: There is individual variation in the optimal attachment site combination and stifle angle for suture placement, which may influence consistency of outcomes with ECS.

Conformation of the proximal tibia and cranial cruciate ligament disease in small breed dogs

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (03) ◽  
pp. 178-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Kyllar ◽  
Duncan Midgley ◽  
Martin Owen ◽  
Jan Janovec
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Proximal Tibia ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Tibial Tuberosity ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Relative Body Weight ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease ◽  
Small Breed

SummaryObjectives: To investigate the conformation of the proximal tibia in small breed dogs with and without cranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD) and to identify morphologic abnormalities that may predispose to development of CCLD.Methods: Mediolateral radiographs of the entire tibia of dogs <15 kg with surgically confirmed CCLD were retrospectively evaluated. Proximal tibial width (PTW), tibial plateau length (TPL), tibial plateau angle as described by Slocum and Slocum (sTPA), proximal tibial tuberosity angle (PTTA), tibial plateau angle as described by Inauen and colleagues (nTPA), and diaphyseal tibial width (DTW) were measured. The same variables were obtained from mediolateral radiographs of the entire tibia of dogs <15 kg without CCLD. In addition, a quotient nTPA/ PTW, relative tibial tuberosity width (rTTW), and relative body weight (rBW) were calculated for each dog. Independent two-sample t-test (p = 0.05) was used to compare mean ± SD of all measured variables between the two groups.Results: Gender, age, and weight mean ± SD were not significantly different between the two groups of dogs (p <0.05). Dogs with CCLD had significantly greater sTPA (p = 0.015) and rBW (p = 0.016).Clinical significance: In dogs of small breeds, a combination of an excessively steep tibial plateau and an increased relative body weight may predispose to early CCLD development. The slope of the tibial plateau was found to be caused by an abnormal caudal angulation of the proximal tibia, a phenomenon previously associated with CCLD development in small breed dogs in individual cases.

Avulsion fragmentation of the tibial tuberosity apophysis and associated patellar tendon enthesopathy in a skeletally immature dog

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (03) ◽  
pp. 242-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kalff ◽  
A. Parry ◽  
M. Whitehead ◽  
W. M. McKee ◽  
G. W. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Patellar Tendon ◽  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
Varus Deformity ◽  
Tibial Tuberosity ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pelvic Limb ◽  
The Right

SummaryA 9.5-month-old, female entire, 31.3 kg crossbred dog was presented with a 12 week history of moderate weight-bearing right pelvic limb lameness. Radiographic, computed tomographic, and ultrasonographic imaging revealed progressive avulsion fragmentation of the right tibial tuberosity apophysis and a patellar tendon insertional enthesopathy without physeal involvement. Conservative management was successful in achieving a good clinical outcome. A progressive avulsion of the contralateral proximal tibial physes that occurred concurrently resulted in development of an excessive tibial plateau slope angle. The additional development of a moderate left distal femoral varus deformity was surgically corrected. This is the first report of a progressive, traction injury to the tibial tuberosity apophysis in a dog that appears clinically and radiographically very similar to Osgood-Schlatter disease in humans.

scholarly journals The effect of attachment site mutations on strand exchange in bacteriophage lambda site-specific recombination.

Genetics ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-736
Author(s):  
C E Bauer ◽  
J F Gardner ◽  
R I Gumport ◽  
R A Weisberg
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Site ◽  
Strand Exchange ◽  
Segregation Pattern ◽  
Base Substitution ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Multiple Mutation ◽  
Attachment Sites ◽  
Dna Strands ◽  
Substitution Mutations ◽  
Overlap Region

Abstract Recombination of phage lambda attachment sites occurs by sequential exchange of the DNA strands at two specific locations. The first exchange produces a Holliday structure, and the second resolves it to recombinant products. Heterology for base substitution mutations in the region between the two strand exchange points (the overlap region) reduces recombination; some mutations inhibit the accumulation of Holliday structures, others inhibit their resolution to recombinant products. To see if heterology also alters the location of the strand exchange points, we determined the segregation pattern of three single and one multiple base pair substitution mutations of the overlap region in crosses with wild type sites. The mutations are known to differ in the severity of their recombination defect and in the stage of strand exchange they affect. The three single mutations behaved similarly: each segregated into both products of recombination, and the two products of a single crossover were frequently nonreciprocal in the overlap region. In contrast, the multiple mutation preferentially segregated into one of the two recombinant products, and the two products of a single crossover appeared to be fully reciprocal. The simplest explanation of the segregation pattern of the single mutations is that strand exchanges occur at the normal locations to produce recombinants with mismatched base pairs that are frequently repaired. The segregation pattern of the multiple mutation is consistent with the view that both strand exchanges usually occur to one side of the mutant site. We suggest that the segregation pattern of a particular mutation is determined by which stage of strand exchange it inhibits and by the severity of the inhibition.

scholarly journals Tibial Plateau Leveling Following Tibial Tuberosity Advancement: A Case Series

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Daniele Serrani ◽  
Pierre Paul Picavet ◽  
Juan Marti ◽  
Bernard Bouvy ◽  
Marc Balligand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
Tibial Tuberosity ◽  
Patellar Ligament ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Persistent Instability

Persistent stifle instability is a recognized complication following tibial tuberosity advancement techniques (TTAT). The aim of this study is to report the feasibility and outcome of tibial plateau leveling techniques (TPLT) to treat dogs with persistent lameness, suspected to be secondary to persistent stifle instability, following (TTAT). Medical records of dogs presented for persistent lameness after TTAT were reviewed. Preoperative data included orthopedic examination, lameness score and radiographs. Inclusion criteria included performance of a surgery to address persistent lameness and suspected instability. Short-term follow up data included orthopedic examination and radiographs of the stifle. Long-term follow up was based on postoperative Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs (LOAD) questionnaire. Seven dogs were included in the study. Mean subjective preoperative lameness score was 3 ± 1.53. Mean preoperative patellar ligament angle relative to the tibial plateau (PLATP) was 94° and mean tibial plateau angle (TPA) was 28°. Six dogs had tibial plateau leveling osteotomy and one had modified cranial closing wedge ostectomy. Mean postoperative PLATP was 79° and mean TPA was 5°. Mean subjective lameness score at follow up was 0.57 ± 0.49. Minor complications were present in 2 dogs and major complication in 1 dog. Mean LOAD questionnaire score was 6.6/52. TPLT can be performed after TTAT and may improve clinical function and stability in these cases in which persistent instability is suspected.

Factors associated with early tibial tuberosity fracture after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 634-639
Author(s):  
Lea R. Mehrkens ◽  
Caleb C. Hudson ◽  
Grayson L. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Tibial Tuberosity ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Tibial Tuberosity Fracture

Long-term effects of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy and tibial tuberosity advancement on tibial plateau subchondral bone density in dogs

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth S. Leach ◽  
Ursula Krotscheck ◽  
Kelsey J. Goode ◽  
Galina M. Hayes ◽  
Peter Böttcher
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Tibial Tuberosity ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Subchondral Bone Density

Extracapsular articulating implant to treat cranial cruciate ligament disease in a dog with multiple myeloma

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e000767
Author(s):  
Eloise Elisabeth Lhuillery ◽  
Philip Georg Witte
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Mild Reduction ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease ◽  
Hindlimb Lameness ◽  
Malignant Neoplasia

An 11-year-old Border collie was presented for left hindlimb lameness associated with cranial cruciate ligament disease. The history included right tibial plateau levelling osteotomy performed approximately two years previously, with a subjectively good outcome. Multiple myeloma had been diagnosed approximately two months before presentation of the left hindlimb lameness. Medical treatment of multiple myeloma included glucocorticoids (prednisolone) and melphalan. Stabilisation of the left stifle was performed with the Simitri Stable in Stride extracapsular articulating implant. The dog demonstrated weightbearing on the operated limb within 24 hours following surgery. Re-examination six weeks following surgery revealed mild left hindlimb lameness, no resentment to manipulation of the left stifle, no cranial tibial thrust and a mild reduction in the range of motion. Hindlimb function was affected by various neurological events considered secondary to the malignant neoplasia; however, left stifle function was good until euthanasia 11 months following surgery.

Function and Knee Range of Motion Plateau Six Months following Lateral Tibial Plateau Fractures

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (05) ◽  
pp. 481-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony V. Christiano ◽  
Christian A. Pean ◽  
David N. Kugelman ◽  
Sanjit R. Konda ◽  
Kenneth A. Egol
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Tibial Plateau ◽  
Tibial Plateau Fractures ◽  
Lateral Tibial Plateau ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Friedman's Test ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Bicondylar Tibial Plateau

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to determine when functional outcome no longer improves following tibial plateau fracture. A patient series of operatively treated tibial plateau fractures was reviewed. Patients were evaluated using the short musculoskeletal function assessment (SMFA), range of motion (ROM) assessment, and pain levels at visual analog scale (VAS) at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Fractures were classified by the Schatzker's classification using preoperative imaging. The case series was divided into two groups based on fracture patterns. Friedman's tests were conducted to determine if there were differences in SMFA, ROM, or VAS throughout the postoperative course. A total of 117 patients with tibial plateau fractures treated operatively, with complete follow-up and without complication, were identified. Seventy-seven patients (65.8%) sustained lateral tibial plateau fractures (Schatzker's I–III). Friedman's test demonstrated significant differences in SMFA (p < 0.0005) and ROM (p < 0.0005) at the three time points. Post hoc analysis demonstrated a significant difference in SMFA (p < 0.0005) and ROM (p = 0.003) between 3 and 6 months postoperatively but no significant difference in either metric between 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Friedman's test demonstrated no significant difference in VAS postoperatively (p = 0.210). Forty patients (34.2%) sustained medial or bicondylar tibial plateau fractures (Schatzker's IV–VI). Friedman's test demonstrated significant differences in SMFA (p < 0.0005) and ROM (p < 0.0005) at the three time points. Post hoc analysis demonstrated a strong trend toward significance in SMFA between 3 and 6 months postoperatively (p = 0.088), and demonstrated a significant difference between 6 and 12 months postoperatively (p = 0.013). ROM was found to be significantly different between 3 and 6 months postoperatively (p = 0.010), but no difference was found between 6 and 12 months postoperatively (p = 0.929). Friedman's test demonstrated no significant difference in VAS postoperatively (p = 0.941). In this cohort, no significant difference in function, ROM, or pain level exists between 6 and 12 months after treatment of lateral tibial plateau fractures. However, there are significant improvements in function for at least 1 year following medial or bicondylar tibial plateau fractures.

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