PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING WHEAT DEPENDING ON GROWING CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Upper Volga ◽  
The Upper Volga Region

Spring wheat is the main grain crop. Stable production of high-quality wheat grain is the key to the country's food independence. Therefore, the study of the elements of growing spring wheat technology, aimed at increasing the productivity of crops, is important. The study of the interaction of plants and microorganisms depending on the level of mineral nutrition in crop planning is currently ofparticular relevance. The use of biological products, growth regulators improves the mineral nutrition of plants, increases productivity and its quality, and also provides savings in mineral fertilizers. In the upper Volga region, the main spring crops are wheat, barley and oats. To further increase them in the region, it is necessary to study the characteristics of the formation of yields and determine the most productive crops depending on the level of nutrition, biological products and growth regulators. The scientific article presents the results of the study of these drugs on the productivity of spring wheat. In field experiments, it was planned to get 30, 40 and 50 tons of grain per hectare. Fertilizers for the planned harvest were made taking into account the agrochemical properties of the soil. From biological products used Flavobacterin, which has a protective effect against diseases and improves product quality, from growth regulators used agrochemicals HUMATE + 7 (10 % liquid concentrate), which is characterized by high biological activity. The yield level was determined taking into account the average long-term moisture supply and qualitative assessment of arable land. The indicators of photosynthetic activity of crops, crop and its structure, quality characteristics of grain and economic efficiency of growing spring wheat in the upper Volga region are presented. As a result of researches the optimum level of mineral nutrition for wheat, the efficacy of agrochemical diazotroph and programming yields of spring wheat, determined the photosynthetic activity of crops and grain yield, calculated economic efficiency of the studied techniques and established the qualitative characteristics of the crop. The program for obtaining the planned wheat yields in the years of the experiments was completed by 68-91 %. Close to the planned the program was implemented using a biological product and growth regulator-74-91 %.

scholarly journals Obtaining programmed yields of corn in the conditions of the upper Volga region

2019 ◽  
pp. 45-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoya Ivanovna Usanova ◽  
Pavel Ivanovich Migulev
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Loamy Soil ◽  
Upper Volga ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Maize Yields ◽  
Photosynthetic Potential ◽  
Tver Region ◽  
The Upper Volga Region

The results of studies carried out in 2016 – 2018 in the 2-factor field experiment on sod - medium-podzolic light loamy soil in JSC "Kalininskoye" Kalinin district of the Tver region, to study the possibility of obtaining programmed maize yields with different efficiency of sowing KPD FAR. The background of mineral nutrition was created by the introduction of litter manure of cattle. Studied hybrids Cascade SV 195 (control), Angela, LH 30189, Voronezh SV 160, 180 Spring ST. It is revealed that the agrometeorological conditions of the region allow to form the programmed yields of green mass of corn at creation of the corresponding background of fertilizer. At the same time, they increase the powerful photosynthetic potential of sowing. The maximum FRR (4663 thousand m2хday/ha) formed hybrid LH 30189 on the background of mineral nutrition with the efficiency of the KPD FAR is 3.5 %, which has generated the greatest yield of green mass of cobs in the milk – wax ripeness, on average, for 3 years he has 93.2 t/ha.

ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF TOPINAMBUR PRODUCTION IN THE UPPER VOLGA REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Zoya Ivanovna Usanova ◽  
Maxim Nikolaevich Pavlov ◽  
Yuri Teodorovich Farinyuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Upper Volga ◽  
The Upper Volga Region

THE INFLUENCE OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS AND BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS IN THE CULTIVATION OF WINTER WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE UPPER VOLGA REGION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.V. Galkina ◽  
◽  
A.L. Tarasov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Loamy Soil ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Upper Volga ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Wheat Seeds ◽  
The Upper Volga Region

Research work on the study of biological products and mineral fertilizers on winter wheat crops on sod - podzolic medium loamy soil of the experimental field of the Ivanovo Agricultural Academy. When processing winter wheat seeds with biological preparations, mineral fertilizers were applied before sowing. According to the research results, there was a positive effect on the phases of crop development, as well as yield.

Economic and bioenergy efficiency of sunflower cultivation depending on agricultural receptions

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-95
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Classical System ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Energy Factor ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Minimum System ◽  
Boron Chelate

When assessing the economic efficiency of sunflower production in enterprises, it is necessary to correctly determine the system of interrelated indicators that should most objectively reflect its level. The aim of the research was to determine the economic and bioenergetic efficiency of sunflower cultivation depending on the method of basic tillage, dose of mineral fertilizers and growth regulators. The studies were conducted in 2016-2018 at the fields of the Institute of Oil Crops of the UAAS. The sowing was carried out at a depth of seed wrapping of 6-7 cm with a row spacing of 70 cm with a seeding rate of 50 thousand similar seeds per hectare. Basic tillage systems: classic – two-track disc, plowing (PN-3-35) to a depth of 22-25 cm; bottomless – two-track disc, endless tillage (KLD-3.0) to a depth of 25-27 cm; minimal – two-track discus, cultivation (KPS-4,0) to a depth of 10-12 cm. Mineral fertilizer application options: 1. Control – no fertilizer, 2. N40, 3. N40P60, 4. N60P60K60. Application options: 1. Control – treatment with water (250 l/ha), 2. Rost- concentrate + Oil gelatin (6-8 pairs of true leaves), 3. Forte gelatin + Mono boron gelatin (6-8 pairs of true leaves), 4. Mono boron chelate + Phosphate-potassium chelate (6-8 pairs of true leaves), 5. 1 treatment: Phosphate-potassium chelate + Multimix gelatin + Mono boron chelate (3-4 pairs of true leaves), 2 treatment: Mono gelatin boron (6-8 pairs of true leaves). The highest yield of sunflower hybrid Ratnik – 3.46 and 3.45 t/ha obtained by cultivation under the classical system of basic tillage, fertilization at a dose of N60P60K60 for pre-sowing cultivation and the second and fifth variants of application of the preparations: 2. Growth concentrate + Oil gelatin (6-8 pairs of true leaves); 5. 1 treatment: Phosphate-potassium chelate + Multimix gelatin + Mono boron gelatin (3-4 pairs of true leaves), 2 treatment: Mono boron gelatin (6-8 pairs of true leaves). The highest yield increase from the application of mineral fertilizers was obtained when fertilizing at a dose of N60P60K60 for all systems of basic tillage and is within: for classical – 0.52-0.64 t/ha; for landless – 0.40-0.51 t/ha; at the minimum – 0.35-0.45 t/ha. It should be noted that the cultivation of sunflower crops with growth stimulants in all their applications has led to an increase in yield: in the classical system of basic tillage by 0.13-0.32; for non-drained – 0.08-0.25 and for the minimum – 0.09-0.25 t/ha. The most effective under all other conditions of cultivation was the use of a mixture of preparations Growth-concentrate + gelatin oil. Indicators of economic efficiency of sunflower hybrid cultivation Ratnik, calculated at prices on 01.03.2021, varied depending on the options for the use of mineral fertilizers, growth regulators and methods of basic tillage. Taking into account the cost of the obtained products and the costs of its cultivation, the profit is obtained depending on the background of mineral nutrition and the application of growth regulators: 45156-57059 UAH/ha under the classic system of basic tillage with a profitability of 403-654 %; 41822-50349 UAH/ha for a bottomless system with a level of profitability of 358-616 %; 40699-48110 UAH/ha under the minimum system with a level of profitability of 359-642 %. The highest profit was obtained under the classical system of basic tillage, which exceeded this figure by 3334-7505 and 4457-9417 UAH/ha for bottomless and minimum systems. The most effective was the cultivation of sunflower hybrid Ratnik under the classical system of basic tillage against the background of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N40 and spraying crops in the phase of 6-8 pairs of true leaves with a mixture of Rost-concentrate + Helatin oil. The bioenergy efficiency of the studied agricultural methods varied depending on the options for the use of mineral fertilizers, growth regulators and methods of basic tillage. Taking into account the gross energy yield and total energy consumption for cultivation, the increase in gross energy was obtained, depending on the background of mineral nutrition and the variant of application of growth regulators: 45599-54678 MJ/ha under the classical system of basic tillage with energy coefficient 2.16-4.28; 42346-48528 MJ/ha for a bottomless system with an energy factor of 1.98-4.22; 40900-45998 MJ/ha for the minimum system with an energy factor of 1.92-4.18. The largest increase in gross energy was obtained in the classical system of basic tillage, which exceeded this figure by 3253-7048 and 4699-9216 MJ/ha in the bottomless and minimum systems. The most efficient in terms of energy indicators was the cultivation of sunflower hybrid Ratnik under the classical system of basic tillage against the background of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N40P60 and spraying crops in the phase of 6-8 pairs of true leaves with a mixture of Rost-concentrate + Chelatin oil.

Prospects of spring wheat cultivation in the conditions of arid Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Valery Genadievich Popov ◽  
Andrey Vladimirovich Panfilov ◽  
Yuriy Vyacheslavovich Bondarenko ◽  
Konstantin Mikhailovich Doronin ◽  
Evgeny Nikolaevih Martynov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Clear Differentiation ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the experience of the impact of the system of forest belts and mineral fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat, including on irrigated lands. Vegetation irrigation is designed to maintain the humidity of the active soil layer from germination to maturation at the lower level of the optimum-70-75%, and in the phases of tubulation-earing - flowering - 75-80% NV. However, due to the large differences in zones and microzones of soil and climate conditions and due to the weather conditions of individual years, wheat irrigation regimes require a clear differentiation. In the Volga region in the dry autumn rainfalls give the norm of 800-1000 m3/ha, and in saline soils – 1000-1300 and 3-4 vegetation irrigation at tillering, phases of booting, earing and grain formation the norm 600-650 m3/ha. the impact of the system of forest belts, mineral fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat is closely tied to the formation of microclimate at different distances from forest edges.

Productivity of binary herbage based on non-traditional forage crops in the Upper Volga region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. Shmeleva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Upper Volga ◽  
High Sugar Content ◽  
The Upper Volga Region

The article presents the results of field studies aimed at expanding the species composition of herbs and the search for adaptive cereals with a high sugar content in the Upper Volga region in 2015-2020.

scholarly journals Agroecosystem Stability In Spring Wheat Crops With The Application Of Fertilizers And Microbial Biological Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012066
Author(s):  
A A Alferov ◽  
L S Chernova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Total Removal ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Rhizosphere Microorganisms ◽  
Net Mineralization ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Nitrogen Flows

Abstract The formation of spring wheat biomass on sod-podzolic soil is carried out mainly due to soil nitrogen, the share of which reaches 1/3 of the total removal of the element when using mineral fertilizers. Inoculation of spring wheat seeds with biologics of rhizosphere microorganisms increases the nitrogen content of fertilizers to 7.3%, increases its immobilization by 5.9-6.7% and reduces losses by 7.4-13.9%. The stability of the agroecosystem is characterized by nitrogen flows. During the growing season of spring wheat with a hydrothermal coefficient of 1.55-1.72, the amount of mineralized nitrogen (mineralization (M)), depending on fertilizers, reaches 9.4-11.1 g/m2, while the reimobilized nitrogen (reimobilization (RI)) – 2.2-3.1 g/m2, net-mineralized (net-mineralization (N-M)) – 6.8 - 8.0 g/m2. The use of nitrogen fertilizers and biological products leads the agroecosystem to the resistance mode (the maximum permissible level of exposure) (RI : M = 27-28%, N-M : RI = 2.5-2.7).

scholarly journals CHANGES IN THE COMPOSITION OF POLY-SPECIESSOWINGS OF FODDER CROPS BY YEARS AND THEIR PRODUCTIVE LONGEVITY UNDER THE UPPER VOLGA REGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-62
Author(s):  
Sabir Esedullaev
Keyword(s):  
Volga Region ◽  
Upper Volga ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
The Upper Volga Region

Представлены результаты многолетних исследований по изучению характера годовых изменений структуры поливидовых посевов кормовых культур, их густоты, ботанического состава и продуктивное долголетие на потенциально бедных дерново-подзолистых почвах. Установлены годовые изменения плотности травостоя поливидовых посевов клевера и люцерны со злаковыми травами, в том числе и такой нетрадиционной для области как фестулолиум. Выявлено, что наивысшая плотность травостоя клевера наблюдается на второй год хозяйственного использования — 490 шт. стеблей на 1 м2 на контроле и 536 шт. на фоне минерального питания, с годами она резко снижается, а у люцерны изменчивой она остается высокой, значительно не меняясь. В смешанных посевах с клевером его доля снижается от первого года пользования к четвертому от 63,1–75,1% до 15–26%, а у люцерны изменчивой, напротив, увеличивается с 35,2–43,0% до 80,5–85,5%. Максимальные показатели продуктивности массы, сбалансированной по питательным веществам, обеспечивают смеси клевера и люцерны с фестулолиумом — соответственно 6,49 и 9,29 т/га сухого вещества, 5,83 и 7,65 тыс./га кормовых единиц, 654 и 1103 кг/га переваримого протеина на контроле и соответственно 7,6, 6,94, 690 и 9,89, 8,73, 1160 на фоне минерального питания. Сахаропротеиновое отношение по мере старения посевов снижалось, близким к норме оно было на контроле у клевера с фестулолиумом — 0,75, на фоне минерального питания — у клевера с фестулолиумом и райграсом — 0,82 и 0,88 соответственно.

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