Economic and bioenergy efficiency of sunflower cultivation depending on agricultural receptions

When assessing the economic efficiency of sunflower production in enterprises, it is necessary to correctly determine the system of interrelated indicators that should most objectively reflect its level. The aim of the research was to determine the economic and bioenergetic efficiency of sunflower cultivation depending on the method of basic tillage, dose of mineral fertilizers and growth regulators. The studies were conducted in 2016-2018 at the fields of the Institute of Oil Crops of the UAAS. The sowing was carried out at a depth of seed wrapping of 6-7 cm with a row spacing of 70 cm with a seeding rate of 50 thousand similar seeds per hectare. Basic tillage systems: classic – two-track disc, plowing (PN-3-35) to a depth of 22-25 cm; bottomless – two-track disc, endless tillage (KLD-3.0) to a depth of 25-27 cm; minimal – two-track discus, cultivation (KPS-4,0) to a depth of 10-12 cm. Mineral fertilizer application options: 1. Control – no fertilizer, 2. N40, 3. N40P60, 4. N60P60K60. Application options: 1. Control – treatment with water (250 l/ha), 2. Rost- concentrate + Oil gelatin (6-8 pairs of true leaves), 3. Forte gelatin + Mono boron gelatin (6-8 pairs of true leaves), 4. Mono boron chelate + Phosphate-potassium chelate (6-8 pairs of true leaves), 5. 1 treatment: Phosphate-potassium chelate + Multimix gelatin + Mono boron chelate (3-4 pairs of true leaves), 2 treatment: Mono gelatin boron (6-8 pairs of true leaves). The highest yield of sunflower hybrid Ratnik – 3.46 and 3.45 t/ha obtained by cultivation under the classical system of basic tillage, fertilization at a dose of N60P60K60 for pre-sowing cultivation and the second and fifth variants of application of the preparations: 2. Growth concentrate + Oil gelatin (6-8 pairs of true leaves); 5. 1 treatment: Phosphate-potassium chelate + Multimix gelatin + Mono boron gelatin (3-4 pairs of true leaves), 2 treatment: Mono boron gelatin (6-8 pairs of true leaves). The highest yield increase from the application of mineral fertilizers was obtained when fertilizing at a dose of N60P60K60 for all systems of basic tillage and is within: for classical – 0.52-0.64 t/ha; for landless – 0.40-0.51 t/ha; at the minimum – 0.35-0.45 t/ha. It should be noted that the cultivation of sunflower crops with growth stimulants in all their applications has led to an increase in yield: in the classical system of basic tillage by 0.13-0.32; for non-drained – 0.08-0.25 and for the minimum – 0.09-0.25 t/ha. The most effective under all other conditions of cultivation was the use of a mixture of preparations Growth-concentrate + gelatin oil. Indicators of economic efficiency of sunflower hybrid cultivation Ratnik, calculated at prices on 01.03.2021, varied depending on the options for the use of mineral fertilizers, growth regulators and methods of basic tillage. Taking into account the cost of the obtained products and the costs of its cultivation, the profit is obtained depending on the background of mineral nutrition and the application of growth regulators: 45156-57059 UAH/ha under the classic system of basic tillage with a profitability of 403-654 %; 41822-50349 UAH/ha for a bottomless system with a level of profitability of 358-616 %; 40699-48110 UAH/ha under the minimum system with a level of profitability of 359-642 %. The highest profit was obtained under the classical system of basic tillage, which exceeded this figure by 3334-7505 and 4457-9417 UAH/ha for bottomless and minimum systems. The most effective was the cultivation of sunflower hybrid Ratnik under the classical system of basic tillage against the background of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N40 and spraying crops in the phase of 6-8 pairs of true leaves with a mixture of Rost-concentrate + Helatin oil. The bioenergy efficiency of the studied agricultural methods varied depending on the options for the use of mineral fertilizers, growth regulators and methods of basic tillage. Taking into account the gross energy yield and total energy consumption for cultivation, the increase in gross energy was obtained, depending on the background of mineral nutrition and the variant of application of growth regulators: 45599-54678 MJ/ha under the classical system of basic tillage with energy coefficient 2.16-4.28; 42346-48528 MJ/ha for a bottomless system with an energy factor of 1.98-4.22; 40900-45998 MJ/ha for the minimum system with an energy factor of 1.92-4.18. The largest increase in gross energy was obtained in the classical system of basic tillage, which exceeded this figure by 3253-7048 and 4699-9216 MJ/ha in the bottomless and minimum systems. The most efficient in terms of energy indicators was the cultivation of sunflower hybrid Ratnik under the classical system of basic tillage against the background of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N40P60 and spraying crops in the phase of 6-8 pairs of true leaves with a mixture of Rost-concentrate + Chelatin oil.

MPPT-Based Single Phase Solar String Inverter

A microcontroller primarily based totally method of producing a sine wave from the sun panel output is designed and carried out on this paper the usage of a two-degree topology for a sun string inverter. This paper offers the improvement of a most energy factor tracking (MPPT) and manipulate circuit for a unmarried section inverter the usage of a pulse width modulation (PWM) IC. The elegance of this configuration is the removal of a complicated circuitry to generate oscillation pulses for transistor switches. The controller IC TL494 is capable of generate the vital waveforms to manipulate the frequency of inverter via right use of switching pulse. The DC to AC inversion is correctly completed along the switching signals; the circuit produced inverter output of frequency almost 50 Hz. The major goal of the proposed method is to layout a low cost, low harmonics voltage supply inverter basically targeted upon low energy digital home equipment the usage of variable sun energy as inputs.

Energy as a Factor of Investment Attractiveness of Regions for Agricultural Enterprises

The aim of the article is to identify and assess the relationship between the investment attractiveness of regions for agricultural enterprises and the energy factor. Classical theories of the location of agriculture emphasise the importance of the market factor. The energy factor has so far been ignored, despite the global trend related to the increasing importance of production scales and rising energy consumption in agriculture. There are also no methodological proposals that allow a comprehensive assessment of the investment attractiveness of regions for agricultural enterprises, taking into account the leading location factors. The article presents the author’s methodological model based on the weight-correlation method of valorisation of investment attractiveness of regions for economic entities that invest in agricultural production. It contains a sub-aggregate describing the energy factor. This proposal is a contribution to the theory of the location of agriculture in the field of location factor analysis. The developed methodological model is used to explain location decisions of agricultural enterprises at the regional level. Access to energy as well as energy management increase locational advantages and reduce the economic risk of carrying out agricultural activities in economic units, which contributes to an increase in the sustainability of agricultural production. This is especially true in areas dominated in the past by state-owned and cooperative enterprises, which are the dominant group of enterprises in this area after privatization. The proposed methodology was positively verified on the example of Polish regions, as a significant influence of the energy factor on investment attractiveness at the local level was demonstrated.

The Influence Of The Energy Factor On Modern International Relations

This article examines the theoretical and methodological aspects of the problem of energy security, which is becoming a topical geopolitical issue today. In particular, the interpretations of the concept of energy security, its transformation into a geopolitical factor and the structural elements of energy security are highlighted. The focus is on modern approaches and trends in energy security, as well as theoretical and methodological issues in the analysis of regional aspects of energy security. At the same time, efforts will be made to reveal the scale of threats to energy security and the destructive factors that make energy security relevant, their impact on interstate relations and political destabilization. The article summarizes the author's definition of the concept of energy security.

Constant-ductility energy factors of SDOF systems subjected to mainshock–aftershock sequences

This article focuses on the energy factor of single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems subjected to mainshock–aftershock (MSAS) sequences, of which 163 and 143 are collected from crustal and subduction regions, respectively. The recorded MSAS sequences are divided into four groups based on the relative intensity that is defined as the ratio of the peak ground acceleration ( PGA) of an aftershock to the PGA of the corresponding mainshock. Constant-ductility inelastic spectra are calculated to assess the energy factor, γ, defined as the ratio of the covered area of the skeleton load-deformation curve of the inelastic structural system to that of the corresponding elastic system with identical elastic properties, by considering various levels of structural inelasticity. Moreover, the effect of the hysteresis law, damping ratio, post-yield stiffness ratio, soil condition, and relative intensity on the energy factor is thoroughly analyzed. A predictive model is also developed as a function of the ductility factor, vibration period, damping ratio, and post-yield stiffness ratio. Such a model is expected to facilitate the energy-based seismic design of structures.