scholarly journals Silva Theutonica. Las jako mitologem niemieckiej odrębności

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-40
Author(s):  
Nina Gładziuk
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
National Character ◽  
Multiple Relationships ◽  
Imagined Community ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Times ◽  
Successive Generations

Since the fifteenth century, when Tacitus’ Germania was discovered, the Teutonic Forest has been the central mythologeme of the German imagined community created by successive generations of philosophers, theologians and artists. The interest in multiple relationships between the prototype native landscape of the forest and the Germanic national character grew throughout the nineteenth century, the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the interwar period, up to the times of Nazism.

Conflicting obituaries: the Abyssinian ‘outlaw’ Debeb as treacherous bandit and romantic hero in late nineteenth-century Italian imagination

Modern Italy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-419
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Bruner
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Character ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Romantic Hero ◽  
Public Persona ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
Folk Hero ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Late Nineteenth

In 1886 the Abyssinian chief Debeb became a public figure in Italy as a rapacious colonial bandit. However, over the next five years he acquired additional public personas, even contradictory ones: as a condottiero ally, a ladies’ man, a traitor, a young Abyssinian aristocrat and pretender to an ancient throne, a chivalrous warrior, and a figure representing the frontier and an Africa mysterious and hidden to Europeans. Upon his 1891 death in combat, he was the subject of conflicting Italian press obituaries. For some commentators, Debeb exemplified treacherous and deceitful African character, an explanation for Italy's colonial disappointments and defeats. However, other commentators clothed him in a romanticised mystique and found in him martial and even chivalrous traits to admire and emulate. To this extent his persona blurred the line demarcating the African ‘other’. Although he first appeared to Italians as a bandit, the notion of the bandit as a folk hero (the ‘noble robber’ or ‘social bandit’, Hobsbawm) does not fit his case. A more fruitful approach is to consider his multi-faceted public persona as reflecting the ongoing Italian debate over ‘national character’ (Patriarca). In the figure of Debeb, public debates over colonialism and ‘national character’ merged, with each contributing to the other.

Resonances of Henri Bergson's ‘music’ in the interwar aesthetic discourse of the journal Μακεδονικές Ημέρες: the idea of the nouveau romantisme

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-134
Author(s):  
Olga Bezantakou
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Narrative Fiction ◽  
Modernist Literature ◽  
Narrative Texts ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Aesthetic

This essay examines the metaphorical use of musical terms in Greek aesthetic discourse during the interwar period by illuminating a crucial yet neglected moment in the reception of anti-rationalistic philosophical and aesthetic tendencies that had greatly influenced European modernist literature since the late nineteenth century. In particular, it points out the ways the reception of Bergsonian theories in Greece co-determined the formation of a new concept of Modern Greek narrative fiction, clearing the ground for the first modernist attempts to ‘musicalize’ fiction. The essay thus proposes a broader perception of the term ‘musicalization’ than the mere imitation of musical techniques in narrative texts, since the aesthetic discourse features not only actual music but also ‘music’ as an aesthetic category synonymous with transcendence, ambiguity and fluidity.

The Treatment of the News in mid-Victorian Newspapers

1977 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 23-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Brown
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Daily News ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Daily Telegraph ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Times

This paper is concerned with the way in which news was handled by the four main London dailies, The Times, the Daily News, the Daily Telegraph and the Standard which, by the late 1870s, enjoyed the largest circulations. They differed from each other considerably in character and history, and in the kind of historical record which they have left behind. Much more is known about The Times than about any of the others. In the 1860s it was a 16-page paper, costing 3d, with a circulation declining slowly from 65,000 to 60,000. The fact that it could maintain this circulation, when it was three times as expensive as its main rivals, is by itself evidence of the value that contemporaries placed upon it. It had far greater assets than any of its rivals, and the Walter family were willing to invest heavily in the paper as and when funds were needed. Its greater resources were shown, partly in its technical equipment, and partly in the range and quality of writing in the paper itself. The Times had more correspondents reporting more frequently and fully from more European capitals than its rivals, and much of its prestige had been derived from that fact. It also employed in London a staff of educated writers such as George Brodrick and Robert Lowe. Unlike its rivals it could afford to pay salaries which enabled it to impose on its writers the condition that they wrote for it exclusively. (The lives of a number of notable late nineteenth-century journalists show that they tried to make up income by writing too much simultaneously, for too many different publications.)

Mapping the ‘Sports Nahda’

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-40
Author(s):  
Murat C. Yıldız
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Sports Club ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This chapter traces the formation of a “sports awakening” in the Middle East during the late nineteenth century until the interwar period. This sports awakening consisted of government and private schools, fashionable sports clubs, a bustling multilingual sports press, and popular football matches and gymnastics exhibitions. The institutional and discursive trajectory of sports was not confined to a specific nation state; rather, it was a regional phenomenon. Educators, sports club administrators, students, club members, editors, columnists, and government officials helped turn sports into a regular fixture of the urban landscape of cities across the Middle East. These developments reveal the profound intellectual and ethnoreligious diversity of the individuals and institutions that shaped the defining contours of sports throughout the Middle East.

Financial Integration in Late Nineteenth-Century Austria

1977 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 890-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Good
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War I ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Financial Integration ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The U.S

The process of financial integration has been charted in several studies of the late nineteenth-century U.S. economy but lacks comparable documentation in a European case. This gap is filled through an examination of interregional interest rate trends in the pre-World War I Austrian economy. The Austrian data show a marked trend toward rate convergence beginning in the 1870s. These results are significant for the U.S. case and for the long standing debate on the economic viability of the Habsburg Monarchy before World War I and of the successor states in the interwar period.

Monasticism in Africa South of the Sahara

2020 ◽  
pp. 540-557
Author(s):  
Catherine Higgs
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Late Fifteenth

This chapter explores the intersections between European missionary outreach, political and commercial concerns, and the African reception and adaptation of Christianity south of the Sahara, beginning in the late fifteenth century ce and extending through the early twenty-first century. For the most part, missionaries, not monastics, spread the faith. The message from the outset was intertwined with political and commercial considerations—initially a trade in slaves, foodstuffs, and other commodities, and eventually, in the late nineteenth century, colonialism. Neither conquest nor evangelization proved formulaic or easy. In 1910, perhaps nine per cent of Africans were Christians, including those in the ancient north-eastern centres of Egypt and Ethiopia. By 2010, an estimated fifty per cent of Africans were Christians, most living south of the Sahara. Christianity has been redefined as an African faith, across a continuum that includes independent and indigenous interpretations, and, re-emerging in the twentieth century, a few Catholic monastics.

Late nineteenth-century military technology in Upper Volta

1971 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myron J. Echenberg
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Military Technology ◽  
Military Organization ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Upper Volta

Military organization and technology have been important factors in the history of Upper Volta. The innovation of the horse in the fifteenth century as an instrument of war played an important part in the establishment of the Mossi states, formed as they were by conquering cavalry from Mamprusi. In the late nineteenth century, the new innovation of firearms threatened to contribute to equally significant political change in the region.

The Rise of Danish Agrarian Liberalism

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeppe Nevers
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War I ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Strong State ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Crisis Of Liberalism

In the literature on European history, World War I and the interwar years are often portrayed as the end of the age of liberalism. The crisis of liberalism dates back to the nineteenth century, but a er the Great War, criticism of liberalism intensified. But the interwar period also saw a number of attempts to redefine the concept. This article focuses on the Danish case of this European phenomenon. It shows how a profound crisis of bourgeois liberalism in the late nineteenth century le the concept of liberalism almost deserted in the first decades of the twentieth century, and how strong state regulation of the Danish economy during World War I was crucial for an ideologization of the rural population and their subsequent orientation toward the concept of liberalism.

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