scholarly journals KONDISI TERUMBU KARANG PADA KAWASAN WISATA PANTAI MALALAYANG KOTA MANADO PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE UNDERWATER PHOTO TRANSECT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Devidson Daud ◽  
Joshian N. W. Schaduw ◽  
Chatrien Luzianna Sinjal ◽  
Janny D Kusen ◽  
Erli Y Kaligis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Software Technology ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Moderate Condition ◽  
Hard Coral Cover

Coral reefs are coastal ecosystems with the highest level of diversity with around one million species worldwide. Corals are invertebrates belonging to the Phylum Coelenterate (hollow animals) or Cnidaria. The Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method is a method that utilizes technological developments, both digital camera technology and computer software technology. Capturing data in the field in the form of underwater photos carried out by shooting using a Canon G-16 camera equipped with a waterproof protector (housing). In this study it can be seen that the percentage of hard corals at point 1 is in the medium category, point 2 is in the medium category, and point 3 is in the bad category with the percentage of hard coral cover as follows: point 1 (one) 29.75%, point 2 (two) 31.16%, and point 3 (three) 24.26%, of the three points can represent the overall condition of the coral reefs in Malalayang Beach which is in moderate condition with a percentage of 28.39%.Keywords: Malalayang Beach, Coral Reef, UPT, CPCe

scholarly journals The change of coral cover in Ujong Pancu waters, Peukan Bada Sub-District, Aceh Besar

2021 ◽  
Vol 869 (1) ◽  
pp. 012051
Author(s):  
M Ulfah ◽  
M Muliari ◽  
F Azzahara ◽  
N M Razi ◽  
M R Fazillah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Coral Genus ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽  
Hard Coral Cover

Abstract Coral reef ecosystems are one of the most productive ecosystems on the earth, with large ecological functions. The disruption of coral reef ecosystems has a significant impact on the surrounding biota. This study aims to determine the condition of coral reefs for the last three years in Ujong Pancu waters, Peukan Bada sub-district, Aceh Besar district. This study uses data in 2017, 2018, and 2019 with three observation locations: Lhok Keeutapang, Lhok Mata Ie, and Tuan Island. The method used is Point Intercept Transect (PIT) with a transect length of 20 m with four repetitions. The results showed that the percentage of hard coral cover in the Ujong Pancu waters decreased from the good category (50.31%) in 2017 to moderate (47.81%) in 2019. The percentage with the highest coral cover was at the Lhok Keutapang location at 72, 81% in 2018, while the lowest coral cover at the Tuan Island location was 15.94% in 2017. The composition of the coral genus found also decreased from 12 coral genera (2017) to 9 coral genera (2019).

scholarly journals New Scales to Guide the Assessment of Hard Coral Cover and Diversity in the Philippines

2020 ◽  
pp. 121-126
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Hard Coral Cover ◽  
Assessment Scales

Coral reefs supply vital ecosystem services to the Philippines. Safeguarding these services requires the rapid identification of reefs that provide most services, and identification is best made by measuring hard coral cover and diversity and using updated and locally relevant assessment scales on these measurements. The use of these assessment scales has advantages and is recommended to update and improve Philippine laws.

scholarly journals KONDISI TERUMBU KARANG PULAU MANTEHAGE KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Ardy Kase ◽  
Indri Manembu ◽  
Joshian Schaduw
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Reef Health ◽  
Moderate Condition

Coral reefs are coastal ecosystems with the highest level of diversity. Corals are invertebrates that are included in the Phylum Coelenterata (hollow animal) or Cnidaria. Whereas coral reefs are a collection of millions of polyps. Natural phenomena and various anthropogenic activities threaten the health and presence of Mantehage Island coral reefs and the lack of information about the health conditions of coral reefs on Mantehage Island. The purpose of this study is to determine the condition of coral reefs andto  provide baselines data on Mantehage Island. Data collection was done by using UPT  method (Underwater Photo Transect). Underwater Photo Transect carried out by underwater shooting using a digital camera that was shielded (housing). Image analysis were done using the CPCe software (Coral Point Count with Excel extensions). The results of coral reef health conditions at four stations on Mantehage Island shows, coral reef cover at each station as follows, station 1 (one) 53.00% were in good condition, station 2 (two) 25.40% were in a moderate condition, station 3 (three) 16.49% were in poor condition, and station 4 (four) 42.07% were in a moderate condition. From the four stations, the condition of Mantehage Island's coral reefs were in the moderate category with a percentage of 34.24%.Keywords:. Mantehage Island, Terumbu Karang, UPT, CPCe

scholarly journals STATUS TERUMBU KARANG DAN IKAN KARANG DI GILI MATRA, NUSA TENGGARA BARAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Eghbert Elvan Ampou ◽  
Suciadi Catur Nugroho ◽  
Nuryani Widagti
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Coral Mortality ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Mortality Index ◽  
Fish Group ◽  
Hard Coral Cover ◽  
Reef Condition

This study aims to identify the status of reef fishes and coral reefs in Gili Meno, Air, and Trawangan or Gili Matra waters. This area is part of the North Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province. Field observation was conducted on September 2011 at 11 (eleven) diving points. The video-transect method was used for observing the coral reef condition, while reef fishes abundance was observed by using visual-census method. The parameter that used to determine the condition of coral reef in study location are the percentage of live hard coral cover and index of coral mortality. In general, the result shows that percentage of live hard coral cover in each diving point ranged from 4.4% - 37.2% and the Coral Mortality Index (IMK) ranged form 0.40-0.92. The values describe that the condition of coral reef at eleven diving points vary from fair until poor condition. Current status of coral reef condition showed an insignificant increase from bad to moderate during the period 2011 -2018. There were 23 families of reef fishes from 46 genera were found during the study consisting of 16 genera of target fish groups, 5 genera of indicator fish group, and 25 genera of major fish group. The water quality is still within the limits of environmental quality standards.   Keywords: Reef fish, coral reef, Mortality Index, water quality, Gili Matra

scholarly journals Coral Reef Degradation Due to ‘Ship Grounding’ in Indonesia: Case Study of Ship Aground in Bangka-Belitung Waters by Mother Vessel MV Lyric Poet

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Idris Idris ◽  
Neviaty P. Zamani ◽  
Suharsono Suharsono ◽  
Fakhrurrozi Fakhrurrozi
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Lyric Poet ◽  
Ship Grounding

HighlightDamage to coral reefs by ship aground is twice the area of a football fieldFound four zones of damage including runoff, dune, blow and dispersalMortality of live coral and other benthic biota ranges from 75-100% in the affected locationThe form of damaged live coral growth is predominantly slow growing.Eight hard coral species were found on the IUCN-Redlist list with a vulnerable status.AbstractShip grounding on coral reefs often results in physical and biological damage, including dislodging and removal of corals from reefs, destruction of coral skeletons, erosion and removal of sediment deposits, and loss of three-dimensional complexity. Indonesia, as an archipelagic country, is very vulnerable to various pressures; for example, the case of ship grounding is a great concern of scientists, managers, divers, and sailors themselves. Most of the damage is very severe. The purpose of the research conducted is to identify the condition of the live coral cover, mapping the type and extent of coral reef damage, affected coral species, their conservation status, and to quantify the extent of the area of coral reef damage. Measuring the extent of damage to coral reef ecosystems using the fishbone method, while the level of damage and its impact was measured using the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) and belt transect method. The event of the grounding of the MV Lyric Poet on the Bangka Waters, Bangka-Belitung Province, has caused damage to the coral reef ecosystem. There are four damage zones identified, i.e., trajectory, mound, propeller, and dispersion zone. Corals are damaged with a total area of 13.540m2; equivalent to twice that of an international football field. Diversity of hard coral found as many as 49 species included in the CITES-Appendix II. A total of eight protected species are included in the IUCN Red List with extinction-prone status.

scholarly journals 11-yr of coral community dynamics in reefs around Dahab (Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea): the collapse of urchins and rise of macroalgae and cyanobacterial mats

Coral Reefs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1605-1618
Author(s):  
Miriam Reverter ◽  
Matthew Jackson ◽  
Nauras Daraghmeh ◽  
Christian von Mach ◽  
Nina Milton
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Gulf Of Aqaba ◽  
Benthic Fish ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Cyanobacterial Mats ◽  
Invertebrate Assemblages ◽  
Hard Coral Cover

AbstractCorals from the Gulf of Aqaba (northern Red Sea) are resilient to high temperatures and therefore this region is regarded as globally important for reef conservation. However, long-term dynamics of coral reef assemblages from the Gulf of Aqaba remain largely understudied. In this study, we analysed the change in benthic, fish and invertebrate assemblages of reefs around Dahab (South Sinai, Egypt) between 2009 and 2019. We also studied the individual trajectories of coral reef benthic categories, key invertebrate and fish species and their relationship. As site emerged as the main factor explaining the variability in coral reef communities, we identified three clusters of sites with similar assemblages. Both benthic, fish and invertebrate assemblages changed considerably at the three site clusters between 2009 and 2019. We found significant increases in fleshy macroalgae (~ 6 to 15%) and cyanobacterial mats (~ 6 to 12%) in all site clusters. Although not observing a significant reduction of hard coral cover, both macroalgae mat cover and cyanobacterial mat cover were significantly negatively related to hard coral cover and hard coral disease. Soft coral cover (mainly corals from the Xeniidae family) decreased significantly in two of the site clusters, their cover being negatively related to macroalgal and cyanobacterial cover. Significant declines in grazer urchins were observed at all site clusters, and a strong negative relationship was found with macroalgae and cyanobacterial mats cover, suggesting urchin decline as one of the main drivers behind algal increases. Different site clusters had different fish trajectories (butterflyfish, parrotfish, surgeonfish and predators), with only damselfish densities significantly decreasing at all sites. A significant decrease in damselfish densities was related to increases in cyanobacterial mats. These findings suggest that if macroalgae and cyanobacteria continue to increase, Dahab coral reefs could undergo degradation, and therefore, more studies are needed to elucidate the drivers behind these algal increases.

scholarly journals Early trajectories of benthic coral reef communities following the 2015/16 coral bleaching event at remote Aldabra Atoll, Seychelles

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Koester ◽  
Valentina Migani ◽  
Nancy Bunbury ◽  
Amanda Ford ◽  
Cheryl Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Coral Bleaching ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Bleaching Event ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Reef Communities ◽  
Remote Sites ◽  
Hard Coral Cover ◽  
Coral Reef Communities

Abstract Documenting post-bleaching trajectories of coral reef communities is crucial to understand their resilience to climate change. We investigated reef community changes following the 2015/16 bleaching event at Aldabra Atoll, where direct human impact is minimal. We combined benthic data collected pre- (2014) and post-bleaching (2016–2019) at 12 sites across three locations (lagoon, 2 m depth; seaward west and east, 5 and 15 m depth) with water temperature measurements. While seaward reefs experienced relative hard coral reductions of 51–62%, lagoonal coral loss was lower (− 34%), probably due to three-fold higher daily water temperature variability there. Between 2016 and 2019, hard coral cover did not change on deep reefs which remained dominated by turf algae and Halimeda, but absolute cover on shallow reefs increased annually by 1.3% (east), 2.3% (west) and 3.0% (lagoon), reaching, respectively, 54%, 68% and 93% of the pre-bleaching cover in 2019. Full recovery at the shallow seaward locations may take at least five more years, but remains uncertain for the deeper reefs. The expected increase in frequency and severity of coral bleaching events is likely to make even rapid recovery as observed in Aldabra’s lagoon too slow to prevent long-term reef degradation, even at remote sites.

scholarly journals Komposisi Spesies Ikan Karang Di Perairan Desa Bunutan, Kecamatan Abang, Kabupaten Karangasem, Bali

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ngurah Agung Dhananjaya ◽  
I Gede Hendrawan ◽  
Elok Faiqoh
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Target Fish ◽  
Marine Site ◽  
Hard Coral Cover

Bunutan village is located in the Abang Subdistrict, Karangasem Regency, Bali. Marines of Bunutan has a coral reef coverage and reef fish under the water. This study aims to determine the species composition of reef fish in marine of Bunutan. The methods used to take reef fish data is Visual Census along 50 meters transect parallel a coastline at a depth of ±5 meters. Result of this study shows thats abudance of reef fish is about 1513 individual from 68 species and 18 family all around transect. The highest abudance derived from Pomacentridae Family with a total 1055 individual from 22 species founded. The composition of species in Bunutan marine site generally in a good condition with high diversity H’ = 3,188418, uniformity is fairly stable with value E = 0,753032 and with the value of dominance C = 0,069245 or nothing of coral reef fish which dominate each other. In terms of role fish in the sea, reef fish in Bunutan marine site have major fish about 92%, target fish 2% and indicator fish 6%. When relating to the condition of coral reefs in the marines of Bunutan, hard coral cover percentage is on 48.5% to 54.5% thats indicates the condition of coral reefs on moderate to good condition. The condition of coral reefs is utilized by reef fish as a place of refuge, feeding or breeding grounds, causing the species composition of reef fish in the marine of Bunutan on relatively good.

scholarly journals Kelimpahan dan Biomassa Ikan Karang Famili Scaridae pada Ekosistem Terumbu Karang di Perairan Pulau Kembar, Karimunjawa, Jepara

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Fran Ciputra Tambunan ◽  
Munasik Munasik ◽  
Agus Trianto
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Fish Biomass ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystem ◽  
The Family ◽  
Coral Fish ◽  
Hard Coral Cover ◽  
Reef Ecosystem

ABSTRAK : Ikan kakatua merupakan salah satu ikan karang yang dapat membantu kehidupan pada ekosistem terumbu karang. Scaridae mengumpulkan berbagai spesies ganggang dengan cara memakan algae pendek yang menutupi substrat karang sehingga dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan terumbu karang. Sebaran Scaridae sangat ditentukan oleh kondisi dan variasi habitat terumbu karang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan dan biomassa dari ikan Famili Scaridae. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2018 di Perairan Pulau Kembar, Karimunjawa, Jepara. Pengambilan data  ikan karang menggunakan metode UVC dan data substrat terumbu karang diambil menggunakan metode LIT sepanjang 100 meter sejajar garis pantai dengan pengamatan pada dua kedalaman yaitu 3m dan 10m. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapatkan 11.459 individu yang termasuk dalam 49 spesies ikan karang yang berasal dari 14 famili. Ikan karang dari Famili Scaridae ditemukan sebanyak 1059 individu yang termasuk dalam 4 spesies ikan karang yang berasal dari 2 genus. Nilai kelimpahan ikan karang dari Famili Scaridae berkisar antara 48 hingga 204 ind/500m2, kelimpahan terendah berada pada stasiun 1 dan tertinggi berada di stasiun 3.  Nilai biomassa ikan karang dari Famili Scaridae berkisar antara 219,7–2491,7 kg/ha, biomassa terendah berada pada stasiun 1 dan tertinggi berada di stasiun 3.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahawa Pengaruh tutupan karang keras hidup sangat berpengaruh terhadap kelimpahan dan biomassa ikan karang dari Famili Scaridae. ABSTRACT : Parrot fish is one of the reef fish that can help life on the coral reef ecosystem. Scaridae collect various species of algae by eating short algae that cover the coral substrate so that it can affect the growth of coral reefs. Scaridae distribution is highly determined by the condition and variety of coral reef habitats. This study aims to examine the abundance and biomass of Scaridae Family fish. The study was conducted in October 2018 in the waters of the Kembar Islands, Karimunjawa, Jepara. Retrieval of reef fish data using UVC method and coral reef substrate data were taken using the LIT method along 100 meters along the coastline with observations at two depths in 3m and 10. Based on the results, 11,459 individuals were included in 49 species of reef fish originating from 14 families. Coral fish from the Family Scaridae were found as many as 1059 individuals included in 4 species of reef fish originating from 2 genera. The value of coral fish abundance from the Scaridae Family ranges from 48 to 204 ind / 500m2, the lowest abundance is at station 1 and the highest is at station 3. The reef fish biomass value of the Scaridae Family ranges from 219.7 - 2491.7 kg / ha, biomass the lowest is at station 1 and the highest is at station 3. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the effect of live hard coral cover is very influential on the abundance and biomass of reef fish from the Scaridae Family.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Terumbu Karang di Zona Pemanfaatan Wisata Taman Nasional Karimunjawa (Coral Reef Characteristic of Tourism Zone, Karimunjawa National Park)

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Rohmani Sulisyati ◽  
Erny Poedjirahajoe ◽  
Lies Rahayu WF ◽  
Chafid Fandeli
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
National Park ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Hard Coral Cover ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
Line Intercept

Karakteristik terumbu karang di suatu lokasi wisata perlu diketahui agar terumbu karang tetap dapat melangsungkan fungsinya dengan optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik terumbu karang di zona pemanfaatan wisata Taman Nasional Karimunjawa. Dilakukan pada bulan November 2013 pada 14 lokasi. Pengamatan terumbu karang dengan metode line intercept transect untuk melihat substrat dasar berdasar lifeform. Transek dilakukan pada dua kedalaman yaitu 3 meter dan 6–8 m untuk mewakili perairan dangkal dan dalam. Analisis kualitatif dilakukan untuk melihat tutupan karang keras serta pengukuran nilai indeks keanekaragaman, keseragaman dan dominasi. Hasil pengukuran kondisi fisik perairan termasuk dalam perairan produktif yang dapat menunjang kehidupan organisme di dalamnya. Kondisi terumbu karang pada daerah dangkal ditemukan 15 famili, 41 genus dan 104 species karang. Persentase tutupan karang keras termasuk kategori sedang – sangat baik. Keanekaragaman jenis yang melimpah sedang hingga tinggi dengan kondisi komunitas antara labil hingga stabil dan hampir tidak ditemukan dominasi jenis tertentu. Pada daerah dalam terdapat 15 famili, 39 genus dan 99 species. Tutupan karang keras sedang – baik, dengan keanekaragaman jenis melimpah tinggi dan stabil serta tidak ada jenis yang dominan. Genus Acropora dan Porites dapat ditemui pada seluruh lokasi. Karakteristik terumbu karang berkaitan dengan letak keberadaan pulau, terumbu karang pada pulau terlindung cenderung mempunyai komunitas yang stabil. Kata kunci: terumbu karang, tutupan karang keras, lifeform Coral  reef characteristic in the recreational area should be known to establish the function optimally. This study aims to quantify the characteristic of coral reef throughout tourism utilization zone of Karimunjawa National Park. Surveys were conducted  during November 2013 at 14 locations. Substrate cover was collected using line intercept transect methods. Transects were deployed at two depth i.e 3 meters and 6–8 meters to represent the shallow and the deep water. Qualitative analysis were done to measure the hard coral cover and diversity index, evenness index and domination. The result showed that physical condition of aquatic environment was productive water that can support living organisms. For shallow water there were 15 families, 41 generas and 104 species of hard coral. Hard  coral cover ranged from 36,5-82% and it was categorized as fair–excellent. Species abundance is moderate to high which a condition of community between unstable to stable and hardly found dominance of a specific species. While the deep water there were 15 families, 39 generas and 99 species corals. Hard coral cover ranged from 39,5-67,9% it was categorized as fair into good, with high species diversity and abundance of stable and there is no dominant species. Acropora and Porites genus can be found in all locations. Coral reef characteristic associated with the location where the island, the protected island tend to have stable community. Keywords: coral reef, hard coral cover, lifeform

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