Research is aimed at creating high-resource diamond-abrasive tools with a large-pore structure of the working layer, the use of which reduces the occurrence of grinding defects when processing materials sensitive to overheating. The formation of an open structure of the working layer ensures effective chip removal, which excludes a decrease in the сutting ability of the tool due to contamination with grinding sludge and creates favorable conditions for intensifying the processing of materials when using high-speed cutting modes. As part of the research, low-melting glass-ceramic binders for diamond-abrasive tools have been developed, which make it possible to increase the tool service life due to the prevention of diamond grains premature destruction and the creation of a large-pore open structure of the working layer. Using a set of calculated data about the main characteristics of glass compositions by factor planning means, the dependences «composition - properties» were determined and the area of optimal compositions of glass-ceramic bonds was established, which ensure sintering of a diamond-containing composite at a temperature of 550–650 °C. The efficiency of the use of alumino-silicate microspheres of technogenic origin as a structure-forming filler providing the formation of a large-pore structure is shown. The features of the chemical and phase composition of the technogenic spheres recovered from the fly ash of the Krivoy Rog TPP have been determined. It has been established that when the diamond-bearing layer of the tool is sintered in the shell of the ash spheres, crystalline new formations with high hardness (hercynite, mullite, maghemite, spinel) are formed. Using ash spheres and developed low-melting binders, which include up to 30 mass. % of glass waste, the laboratory samples of diamond-containing composites with open porosity of 45-50% were made. Studies of their microstructure and morphological features made it possible to determine the pore size (130-200 μm) and establish that during grinding, partial destruction of ash spheres occurs with the formation of additional cutting elements, which increases the tool cutting ability. The research results indicate the advisability of using the proposed approach for selection of the diamond-ceramic composite components and the modes of heat treatment of the diamond-bearing layer when creating a tool. This approach will significantly expand the possibilities of manufacturing large-pore diamond-abrasive tools with a high service life at minimal material costs and will improve the processing of parts made of difficult-to-machine materials.
Ceramic-matrix composite materials for the diamond abrasive tools manufacture
