Robust Steganography over Noisy Channel

Steganography is accomplished by frequency or spatial domain. In spatial domain method, the important data are inserted directly into the image's pixels. Alternatively, the coefficients of the image frequency transform like DCT are used to carry the important data. Robustness in the presence of a noise is important. In this paper, the robustness over a noisy channel with noise like Added White Gaussian Noise (AWGN), salt and pepper noise and Speckle noise is investigated. The bit error rate is used for system evaluation. Simulation outcomes demonstrate that the frequency based model is stronger than spatial method against channel noise. Moreover, robustness is enhanced via using error correction.

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Performance Analysis of Median Filter With Respect to Different Padding Methods in the Context of Removing Salt and Pepper Noise

Asian Journal of Computer Science and Technology ◽

10.51983/ajcst-2019.8.3.2732 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 6-9

Author(s):

T. Sudha ◽

P. Nagendra Kumar

Keyword(s):

Mean Squared Error ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Median Filter ◽

Speckle Noise ◽

Salt And Pepper Noise ◽

Original Image ◽

Signal To Noise ◽

Squared Error ◽

Noise Ratio ◽

Salt And Pepper

Image Processing is one of the major areas of research. Images are often corrupted with different types of noise such as Gaussian noise, Poisson noise, Salt and Pepper noise, Speckle noise etc.The present work analyses the performance of the median filter with respect to different padding methods in the context of removing salt and pepper noise.Peak Signal-to-Noise ratio and Mean Squared Error have been considered as parameters for performance evaluation. The results obtained show thatthe Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Mean Squared Error obtained between the original image and the filtered image obtained by applying median filter with symmetric padding method on the image corrupted with salt and pepper noise is same as the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Mean Squared Error obtained between the original image and the filtered image obtained by applying median filter with replicate padding method on the image corrupted with salt and pepper noise respectively.

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AN ITERATIVE UNSYMMETRICAL TRIMMED MIDPOINT-MEDIAN FILTER FOR REMOVAL OF HIGH DENSITY SALT AND PEPPER NOISE

International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology ◽

10.15623/ijret.2014.0304008 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 03 (04) ◽

pp. 44-50

Author(s):

Jitender Kumar .

Keyword(s):

Median Filter ◽

High Density ◽

Salt And Pepper Noise ◽

Salt And Pepper

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Detection of Malicious Spatial-Domain Steganography over Noisy Channels Using Convolutional Neural Networks

Electronic Imaging ◽

10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2020.4.mwsf-076 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (4) ◽

pp. 76-1-76-7

Author(s):

Swaroop Shankar Prasad ◽

Ofer Hadar ◽

Ilia Polian

Keyword(s):

State Of The Art ◽

Visual Quality ◽

Channel Noise ◽

Detection Accuracy ◽

Noisy Channel ◽

Noisy Channels ◽

Reliable Transmission ◽

Reliable Detection ◽

Natural Noise ◽

Will Force

Image steganography can have legitimate uses, for example, augmenting an image with a watermark for copyright reasons, but can also be utilized for malicious purposes. We investigate the detection of malicious steganography using neural networkbased classification when images are transmitted through a noisy channel. Noise makes detection harder because the classifier must not only detect perturbations in the image but also decide whether they are due to the malicious steganographic modifications or due to natural noise. Our results show that reliable detection is possible even for state-of-the-art steganographic algorithms that insert stego bits not affecting an image’s visual quality. The detection accuracy is high (above 85%) if the payload, or the amount of the steganographic content in an image, exceeds a certain threshold. At the same time, noise critically affects the steganographic information being transmitted, both through desynchronization (destruction of information which bits of the image contain steganographic information) and by flipping these bits themselves. This will force the adversary to use a redundant encoding with a substantial number of error-correction bits for reliable transmission, making detection feasible even for small payloads.

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Enhancing the Performance of One Dimensional Median Filter

Restaurant Business ◽

10.26643/rb.v118i7.7249 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 118 (7) ◽

pp. 73-76

Author(s):

Sharanabasappa ◽

P Ravibabu

Keyword(s):

Impulse Noise ◽

Rank Order ◽

Median Filter ◽

Filter Method ◽

Salt And Pepper Noise ◽

Edge Preservation ◽

Word Level ◽

Look Ahead ◽

Filter Architecture ◽

Salt And Pepper

Nowadays, during the process of Image acquisition and transmission, image information data can be corrupted by impulse noise. That noise is classified as salt and pepper noise and random impulse noise depending on the noise values. A median filter is widely used digital nonlinear filter in edge preservation, removing of impulse noise and smoothing of signals. Median filter is the widely used to remove salt and pepper noise than rank order filter, morphological filter, and unsharp masking filter. The median filter replaces a sample with the middle value among all the samples present inside the sample window. A median filter will be of two types depending on the number of samples processed at the same cycle i.e, bit level architecture and word level architecture.. In this paper, Carry Look-ahead Adder median filter method will be introduced to improve the hardware resources used in median filter architecture for 5 window and 9 window for 8 bit and 16 bit median filter architecture.

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