4. Mass Destruction by Fire: Asbestos in World War II

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-117
2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce P. Montgomery

AbstractShortly following the 2003 invasion of Iraq, an American mobile exploitation team was diverted from its mission in hunting for weapons for mass destruction to search for an ancient Talmud in the basement of Saddam Hussein's secret police (Mukhabarat) headquarters in Baghdad. Instead of finding the ancient holy book, the soldiers rescued from the basement flooded with several feet of fetid water an invaluable archive of disparate individual and communal documents and books relating to one of the most ancient Jewish communities in the world. The seizure of Jewish cultural materials by the Mukhabarat recalled similar looting by the Nazis during World War II. The materials were spirited out of Iraq to the United States with a vague assurance of their return after being restored. Several years after their arrival in the United States for conservation, the Iraqi Jewish archive has become contested cultural property between Jewish groups and the Iraqi Jewish diaspora on the one hand and Iraqi cultural officials on the other. This article argues that the archive comprises the cultural property and heritage of the Iraqi Jewish diaspora.


2020 ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
MALKHAZ CHIKOBAVA

The article presents a comparative analysis of the Great Depression of the 1930s and the current global financial and economic crisis. It is emphasized that overcoming the first great depression and eliminating imbalances in the economy was achieved only during the Second World War, and the modern crisis, which has been raging for 11 years, has not yet ended. This crisis was not followed by the elimination of all imbalances accumulated in the economy. After the acute phase (recession) ended in 2009, stagnation (depression) occurred, which needed to be restored. We have been waiting for a revival for many years, now 2020, but it is not visible. Comparing the crisis of the 30s of the last century and the current global financial and economic crisis, the following differences are obvious: stagnation in the 1930s lasted from 1933 to 1939, or six years that ultimately ended in World War II. After the crisis of 2007-2009, stagnation continued for 11 years, with depression almost two times longer and more delayed. Despite the fact that in a sense, the situation in Western countries is better in the 21st century than in the 1930s, since there is no longer the Soviet Union with its dynamically developing economy, but China has unprecedentedly high rates of economic growth. The thirty-year economic dynamics of China can definitely be called a boom phase. Not a single country in the West has experienced such a long boom in the history of capitalism. It is clear that in such a situation the West must do something. Of course, the West, through war, has repeatedly overcome the accursed resistance of the capitalist rule of production. But with the help of war, overcoming the contradiction of capitalism today is deadly dangerous. The first two world war occurred without the use of nuclear weapons or any other weapons of mass destruction. The third world war, of course, will be accompanied by the inevitable use of weapons of mass destruction. And therefore, it is necessary to change something in the world war, which will magically help correct the imbalance of the capitalist economy, revive it, and maintain the status quo of the ruling elite. An alternative to a hot war can be the Cold War, which today they prefer to call hybrid. It involves the use of financial, commercial, economic, psychological and information resources. However, all this is not enough to provide the authorities with powers that would allow them to move from market methods to administrative-command methods of managing the economy. It is with the help of the latter that the imbalance that has accumulated in the economy can be overcome. It is in this context that Coronavirus “appears” as an alternative to the global war to eliminate the imbalances accumulated in the leading economies of the world.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 244-257
Author(s):  
Ihor HAVRYLIV

Implementation of the national idea of Ukrainians into life is the development of the Ukrainian independent unite state. It is based on principles of democracy, law, equity, in the distribution of welfare, a proper level of life, the successful development of the Ukrainian culture and national achievements, the adequate reaction on global challenges and threats in the protection of national and state interests, etc. All this was worked out in the ideological and political postulates during the interwar period and tried to implement the state-forming program of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists in the years of World War II. If the leading states, war participants listened to these principles concerning the building of the world under the motto: "Freedom to Peoples - Freedom to Man!" it would be possible to avoid millions of human victims, mass destruction, and many years of confrontation of the West and East. Theoretical and practical gains of the Ukrainian nationalists are actual at present-day as well and underline their importance in the development of Ukraine as an independent state. It facilitates the successful struggle against Russia's aggression, becoming the specific protection in saving of the gains of Euro –Atlantic civilization. Progressive countries have to take the Ukrainian factor into consideration in the further progress of humanity in guaranteeing its stability and prosperity. Keywords: Ukrainian Independent Unite State, Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, national idea, state forming program, World War II, Ukrainian nationalists, liberation struggle, totalitarian regime.


1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Lee ◽  
◽  
George E. Vaillant ◽  
William C. Torrey ◽  
Glen H. Elder

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