4 Metabolizing: Humans and Nonhumans in a Global Field

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-155
Keyword(s):  
Global Field

scholarly journals Synaptic Molecular and Neurophysiological Markers Are Independent Predictors of Progression in Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Una Smailovic ◽  
Ingemar Kåreholt ◽  
Thomas Koenig ◽  
Nicholas J. Ashton ◽  
Bengt Winblad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Global Field ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Early Event ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Global Field Power ◽  
Synaptic Markers ◽  
Eeg Recordings

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurogranin and quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) are potential molecular and functional markers of synaptic pathology in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Synaptic markers have emerged as candidate prognostic indicators of AD since synaptic degeneration was shown to be an early event and the best correlate of cognitive deficits in patients along the disease continuum. Objective: The present study investigated the association between CSF neurogranin and qEEG measures as well as their potential to predict clinical deterioration in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. Methods: Patients diagnosed with MCI (n = 99) underwent CSF conventional AD biomarkers and neurogranin analysis and resting-state EEG recordings. The study population was further stratified into stable (n = 41) and progressive MCI (n = 31), based on the progression to AD dementia during two years follow-up. qEEG analysis included computation of global field power and global field synchronization in four conventional frequency bands. Results: CSF neurogranin levels were associated with theta power and synchronization in the progressive MCI group. CSF neurogranin and qEEG measures were significant predictors of progression to AD dementia, independent of baseline amyloid status in MCI patients. A combination of CSF neurogranin with global EEG power in theta and global EEG synchronization in beta band exhibited the highest classification accuracy as compared to either of these markers alone. Conclusion: qEEG and CSF neurogranin are independent predictors of progression to AD dementia in MCI patients. Molecular and neurophysiological synaptic markers may have additive value in a multimodal diagnostic and prognostic approach to dementia.

Between interpretation and the subject: Revisiting Bakhtin’s theory of polyphony

Semiotica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Hongbing Yu
Keyword(s):  
Literary Theory ◽  
Global Field ◽  
Availability Bias ◽  
Obvious Consequence ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Influential Theory

AbstractThis paper affords a critical and historical reappraisal of Bakhtin’s theory of polyphony. It addresses the issue of the subjectivity of interpretation in the reception and formulation of this highly influential theory in literary semiotics. Following a revaluation of three major patterns of interpretation of polyphony that have emerged in the global field of literary theory since 1929, as well as Bakhtin’s shift in emphasis in 1963, we find that Bakhtin’s theorizing of polyphony, based on his seemingly inconsistent interpretation of Dostoevsky’s novels, was defined by his own subjectivity as well. An obvious consequence of such subjective predispositions in both the reception of Bakhtin’s theory and his own treatment of Dostoevsky’s polyphonic novels is that they have instigated a type of perpetuating availability bias in approaching the theory of polyphony. This revelation is key to understanding the wholeness of the theory of polyphony from a diachronic perspective. By tracing the cultural and intellectual sources of Dostoevsky’s polyphonic creation, this paper attempts to reframe and restore the Bakhtinian idea of polyphony to its fullness, which we believe can be encapsulated in one phrase: harmony without uniformity.

Grit as a Key Factor in the Ability of Students to Achieve Productive Global Field Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey J. Mattick ◽  
Breanne E. Lott ◽  
Christina E. Baum ◽  
Amr S. Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Global Field ◽  
Key Factor

scholarly journals Electrophysiological correlates of visual backward masking in patients with bipolar disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Garobbio ◽  
Maya Roinishvili ◽  
Ophélie Favrod ◽  
Janir Ramos da Cruz ◽  
Eka Chkonia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Global Field ◽  
Target Onset ◽  
Backward Masking ◽  
Global Field Power ◽  
Functional Psychoses ◽  
Visual Backward Masking

AbstractBackgroundIn visual backward masking (VBM), a target is followed by a mask that decreases target discriminability. Schizophrenia patients (SZ) show strong and reproducible masking impairments, which are associated with reduced EEG amplitudes. Patients with bipolar disorder (BP) show masking deficits, too. Here, we investigated the neural EEG correlates of VBM in BP.Methods122 SZ, 94 unaffected controls, and 38 BP joined a standard VBM experiment. 123 SZ, 94 unaffected controls and 16 BP joined a corresponding EEG experiment, analyzed in terms of the global field power.ResultsAs in previous studies, SZ and BP show strong masking deficits. Importantly and similarly to SZ, BP show decreased global field power amplitudes at approximately 200 ms after the target onset, compared to controls.ConclusionsThese results suggest that VBM deficits are not specific for schizophrenia but for a broader range of functional psychoses. Potentially, both SZ and BP show deficient target enhancement.

scholarly journals Governing the School by Transnational Networks. The OECD PISA Policy Advisor Network in the Global Field of Power.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Wieczorek ◽  
Richard Münch ◽  
Alexander Brand ◽  
Silvia Schwanhäuser
Keyword(s):  
Global Education ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Field ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Educational Reforms ◽  
Collaboration Network ◽  
Scientific Cooperation ◽  
Key Players ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Governance Reforms

The OECD is one of the key players in global education policy advice, informing education governance reforms around the globe with the PISA test. At the same time, it is part of the edu-business network comprised of companies, philanthropies, consulting agencies and think tanks profiting from educational governance reforms and large-scale testing. In order to exert influence on national educational reforms, different types of complementary expertise and collaborations between different types of actors must be coordinated. To analyze this form of collaboration between different actors and to map the global edu-business and global policy advisor networks having emerged around the OECD’s PISA-tests, we make use of a combination of Habitus-Field Theory and Social Network Theory. We introduce the concepts of boundary-spanning actors and field-transcending social capital and apply our concepts to a two-level network analysis to investigate the embeddedness of the OECD in different social fields and the global field of power. The first layer is based on official collaborations among organizational actors situated in different sectors of the field of power. The second layer comprises of individual collaborations such as scientific cooperation, board interlocks and multiple affiliations. Furthermore, we look at network closure and density to investigate the exclusion of competing actors from taking part in the global edu-business. Our findings indicate that the OECD draws on experts and actors located in different fields to exert influence on national educational reforms. Finally, the global network of policy advisors is able to coordinate the different forms of expertise by installing a system of patronage, consisting of a small number of key players and large numbers of organizations and individuals that are needed to set education reforms in motion but are excluded from the core of the collaboration network.

The Ombud as a Chameleon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Kirkham
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Theory ◽  
Global Field ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
The Future ◽  
Administrative Justice

The story most often told of the ombud is of its durability and its continuing claim to promote administrative justice. Alongside that claim is an understanding that the institution has proved highly adaptable to local conditions. To comprehend this malleability, this chapter applies four cultural biases, as developed in Mary Douglas’s grid-group cultural theory, to analyse how and why different choices have been made as to the design of the ombud in different countries. The typological model developed predicts that ombuds tend to be designed to match the administrative cultures in which they are located, taking on forms that are characterised in this chapter as either consumerist, constitutional, democratic, or tactical. Adopting this approach, and using examples from the global field of ombuds, this chapter anticipates the most likely challenges and main forms of accountability pressure that the different forms of ombud will likely experience, and it reflects on the stress points for the future evolution of the ombudsman institution.

Deprovincializing Anticaste Thought: A Genealogy of Ambedkar’s Dalit

2018 ◽  
pp. 126-146
Author(s):  
Anupama Rao
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Global Field ◽  
Political Subjectivity ◽  
Subject Formation ◽  
Historical Comparison

This essay focuses on the inherent globality of anticaste thought, and underscores the significance of historical comparison (race, class, minority) in the writings of key thinkers who predicated radical equality on the annihilation of caste. The essay argues against culturalizing caste, which has been the dominant mode for apprehending its social specificity, and instead argues that efforts at political commensuration offer key instances for understanding heterodox histories and practices of subject formation. By placing anticaste thought within a global field of concern about historic dispossession and human emancipation, the essay also addresses the politics of the twentieth century through a genealogy of the exceptional subject, e.g., the Dalit [outcaste] or the remainder, and argues that this offers rich possibilities for enlarging the conceptual matrix of “politics” and political subjectivity.

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