scholarly journals Optimal Rescheduling of the Additional Reactive Power Source Selected in a Backbone Network to a Distribution Network

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Omar Zivzivadze ◽  
◽  
David Japaridze ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Power ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Network Node ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Economic Criterion ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Backbone Network ◽  
Active Power Losses

An additional (generation) source of reactive power may be required in a backbone network node (𝑈௡ ≥ 220 𝑘𝑣) which has a heavy reactive load. When solving this problem, in a technical-economic sense, it is advisable to place this additional source of reactive power not in the mentioned node of a backbone network, but in the nodes of a distribution network (𝑈௡ ≤ 110 𝑘𝑣) connected to this node. This problem specifically involves: optimal rescheduling of total power of the additional reactive power source selected according to a voltage criterion in a backbone network node between the distribution network nodes connected to this node. The relevant optimization equations created in the article and the obtained mathematical model allow us to solve this problem effectively and successfully. The condition for optimality here implies the best economic returns, while the objective function is to minimize active power losses caused by nodal reactive powers. That was why we used the economic criterion as the main criterion in solving this problem.

scholarly journals PARAMETRIC OPTIMIZATION OF OPERATING MODES OF BULK ELECTRICAL NETWORKS BY CRITERIA ACTIVE POWER LOSSES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (59) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
V.V. Kuchanskyy ◽  
◽  
D.O. Malakhatka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Active Power Losses ◽  
Shunt Reactors

It is shown that the use of controlled shunt reactors enables, based on ultra-high voltage transmission lines, to create a controlled generation of new generation FACTS types that meet the requirements of modern power systems and combinations. Typical modes of operation of the high-voltage power line with installed controlled shunt reactors are analyzed. The efficiency of the use of controlled shunt reactors as measures of transverse compensation in ultrahigh voltage transmission lines is shown. The article shows that due to a smooth change in the consumption of excess reactive power of the transmission line, the normalization of the voltage values is achieved, and, accordingly, the total power losses are reduced. Ref. 9, fig. 3, tables 3.

scholarly journals Selection criteria and a mathematical model for the additional source of reactive power in a backbone network

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Guram Makharadze ◽  
◽  
David Japaridze ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Quality Criterion ◽  
Junction Point ◽  
Additional Source ◽  
Economic Criterion ◽  
Backbone Network ◽  
Junction Points ◽  
Compensating Devices ◽  
Network Junction

In a backbone network (𝑈􀯡 ≥ 220 𝑘𝑣), when the high-voltage lines are loaded with power less than natural power, we have excess reactive power. Supplying this power into the lower-voltage networks (𝑈􀯡 ≤ 110 𝑘𝑣) would be technically and economically unfeasible and requires compensation on site. In the article, in accordance with the electricity quality criterion, and taking into account the principle of a systemic approach, and using the self- and mutually reactive impedances of the network junction points, a mathematical model for selecting a compensating device in a backbone network is adopted. The quality criterion of electricity involves enforcement of requirements for the operating voltages in the junction points of a backbone network. According to the obtained mathematical model, in the junction points nodes where the operating voltages exceed their permitted values, there will be installed the compensating devices for receiving excess reactive power. However if any junction point has a high reactive load and the voltage, in this context, is below its permitted value, then, according to a model, there is a need for installing the source of reactive power in this junction point. Herewith, according to economic criterion, the model envisages the optimal redistribution of mentioned source of reactive power between the junction points of a distribution network connected to backbone network junction point.

scholarly journals REKONFIGURASI JARINGAN PADA SALURAN UDARA TEGANGAN MENENGAH 20 KV PENYULANG NAIONI PT. PLN (PERSERO) ULP KUPANG MENGGUNAKAN PERANGKAT LUNAK ELECTRICAL TRANSIENT ANALYSIS PROGRAM (ETAP) 12.6

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Nikolaus M. Tana ◽  
Frans Likadja ◽  
Wellem F. Galla
Keyword(s):  
Power Loss ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Capacitor Bank ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Overhead Lines ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Active Power Losses

The 20 kV medium Voltage overhead lines of Naioni feeder on PT. PLN (Persero) ULP Kupang system has a feed length of ± 79.825 kms and is the longest of all feeders installed in the ULP Kupang. To minimize the voltage drop and power losses on the Naioni Feeder 20 kV medium Voltage overhead lines (SUTM), network reconfiguration needs to be done including changing the diameter of the conductor, installing a transformer insert and installing a capacitor bank using the help of ETAP software. From the results of the study, before reconfiguration, the voltage drop at the end of the Bus_Trafo KB 082 channel was 0.967 kV and the voltage drop percentage was 4.68% while the total power losses at Naioni Feeder were 20 kV, which were active power losses of 48.062 kW and loss reactive power loss of 25,689 kVAR. Furthermore, after reconfiguring the carrying diameter on the channel that still uses a small diameter of 35 mm2, it will be converted to 70 mm2 on cable 17 that connects the KB 119 Transformer Bus channel to the KB 074 Transformer Bus which is a fairly long distance from all other channels. So that after carrying out the reconfiguration of the conductor diameter, the voltage drop at the end of the Bus Trafo KB 082 channel is 0.844 kV and the voltage drop percentage is 4.24%, while the total power losses in the Naioni Feeder are 20 kV which are active power losses of 41.142 kW and conductor reactive power loss of 25.53 kVAR. Furthermore, after installation of the transformer insert and changing the conductor diameter on cable 17 of 35 mm2 will be changed to 70 mm2 connecting the Transformer Bus Channel KB 119 to the KB 074 Transformer Bus, then the voltage drop at the end of the Bus Trafo KB 082 channel is 0.826 kV and the voltage drop percentage amounting to 4.15% while the total power losses at Naioni Feeder are 20 kV, namely active power losses of39.292 kW and reactive power losses of 24.467 kVAR. And then, if the capacitor bank is installed on the Bus Transformer KB 119 channel bus point to the Bus Trafo KB 074 channel, then the voltage drop at the Bus Trafo KB 082 channel end is 0.891 kV and the voltage drop percentage is 4.47%, while the total power losses are The 20 kV Naioni Feeder is an active power loss of 43.714 kW and a reactive power loss of 22.888 kVAR.

Improving the efficiency of oilfield electric power distribution

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
Yu. F. Yu. F. Romaniuk ◽  
О. V. Solomchak ◽  
М. V. Hlozhyk
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Active Load ◽  
Step Down

The issues of increasing the efficiency of electricity transmission to consumers with different nature of their load are considered. The dependence of the efficiency of the electric network of the oil field, consisting of a power line and a step-down transformer, on the total load power at various ratios between the active and reactive components of the power is analyzed, and the conditions under which the maximum transmission efficiency can be ensured are determined. It is shown by examples that the power transmission efficiency depends not only on the active load, but also largely on its reactive load. In the presence of a constant reactive load and an increase in active load, the total power increases and the power transmission efficiency decreases. In the low-load mode, the schedule for changing the power transmission efficiency approaches a parabolic form, since the influence of the active load on the amount of active power loss decreases, and their value will mainly depend on reactive load, which remains unchanged. The efficiency reaches its maximum value provided that the active and reactive components of the power are equal. In the case of a different ratio between them, the efficiency decreases. With a simultaneous increase in active and reactive loads and a constant value of the power factor, the power transmission efficiency is significantly reduced due to an increase in losses. With a constant active load and an increase in reactive load, efficiency of power transmission decreases, since with an increase in reactive load, losses of active power increase, while the active power remains unchanged. The second condition, under which the line efficiency will be maximum, is full compensation of reactive power.  Therefore, in order to increase the efficiency of power transmission, it is necessary to compensate for the reactive load, which can reduce the loss of electricity and the cost of its payment and improve the quality of electricity. Other methods are also proposed to increase the efficiency of power transmission by regulating the voltage level in the power center, reducing the equivalent resistance of the line wires, optimizing the loading of the transformers of the step-down substations and ensuring the economic modes of their operation.

scholarly journals Distribution system power quality compensation using a HSeAPF based on SRF and SMC features

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram Qashou ◽  
Sufian Yousef ◽  
Abdallah A. Smadi ◽  
Amani A. AlOmari
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Phase Locked Loop ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Voltage Source Converter ◽  
Non Linear

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to describe the design of a Hybrid Series Active Power Filter (HSeAPF) system to improve the quality of power on three-phase power distribution grids. The system controls are comprise of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) based on the Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) theory, and supported by Phase Locked Loop (PLL) for generating the switching pulses to control a Voltage Source Converter (VSC). The DC link voltage is controlled by Non-Linear Sliding Mode Control (SMC) for faster response and to ensure that it is maintained at a constant value. When this voltage is compared with Proportional Integral (PI), then the improvements made can be shown. The function of HSeAPF control is to eliminate voltage fluctuations, voltage swell/sag, and prevent voltage/current harmonics are produced by both non-linear loads and small inverters connected to the distribution network. A digital Phase Locked Loop that generates frequencies and an oscillating phase-locked output signal controls the voltage. The results from the simulation indicate that the HSeAPF can effectively suppress the dynamic and harmonic reactive power compensation system. Also, the distribution network has a low Total Harmonic Distortion (< 5%), demonstrating that the designed system is efficient, which is an essential requirement when it comes to the IEEE-519 and IEC 61,000–3-6 standards.

scholarly journals Using Energy Storage Inverters of Prosumer Installations for Voltage Control in Low-Voltage Distribution Networks

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1121
Author(s):  
Rozmysław Mieński ◽  
Przemysław Urbanek ◽  
Irena Wasiak
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Total Power

The paper includes the analysis of the operation of low-voltage prosumer installation consisting of receivers and electricity sources and equipped with a 3-phase energy storage system. The aim of the storage application is the management of active power within the installation to decrease the total power exchanged with the supplying network and thus reduce energy costs borne by the prosumer. A solution for the effective implementation of the storage system is presented. Apart from the active power management performed according to the prosumer’s needs, the storage inverter provides the ancillary service of voltage regulation in the network according to the requirements of the network operator. A control strategy involving algorithms for voltage regulation without prejudice to the prosumer’s interest is described in the paper. Reactive power is used first as a control signal and if the required voltage effect cannot be reached, then the active power in the controlled phase is additionally changed and the Energy Storage System (ESS) loading is redistributed in phases in such a way that the total active power set by the prosumer program remains unchanged. The efficiency of the control strategy was tested by means of a simulation model in the PSCAD/EMTDC program. The results of the simulations are presented.

scholarly journals Reactive power optimization system of distribution network based on edge calculation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1914 (1) ◽  
pp. 012033
Author(s):  
Jinbo Huang ◽  
Jiangxiao Fang ◽  
Liexiang Hu ◽  
Bolong Shi ◽  
Suirong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Optimization ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Reactive Power Optimization ◽  
Optimization System
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