scholarly journals EFFECT OF INTERMEDIATE DISTANCE BETWEEN CLEANING MACHINES ON CLEANING LEVEL

2021 ◽  
pp. 276-279
Author(s):  
Jamoliddin Mirzaboyev ◽  
Zokirjon Erkinov
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Distance

Clinical outcomes of the piggyback secondary implantation of a novel multifocal lens in the ciliary sulcus: A case series

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110294
Author(s):  
Gerardo Valvecchia ◽  
Guadalupe Cervantes-Coste ◽  
Oscar Asis ◽  
Federico Pereyra ◽  
Manuel Garza-León ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Iol Implantation ◽  
Secondary Implantation ◽  
Intermediate Distance ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
Monofocal Iol ◽  
Multifocal Lens ◽  
Prospective Case Series

Purpose: Evaluate the clinical outcomes of the secondary piggyback add-on IOL implantation in the ciliary sulcus for pseudophakic patients previously implanted with a monofocal IOL, who pursue a spectacle-free option after IOL surgery. Methods: A prospective case series including seven pseudophakic patients who underwent an in-the-bag monofocal IOL implantation. All eyes underwent a piggyback IOL implantation of the new sulcus designed A4 AddOn IOL in the ciliary sulcus as a secondary procedure for pseudophakic patients pursuing a spectacle-free option for near and intermediate distance after IOL surgery. Results: Seven eyes from six patients were included in this study, from which 4 (71.43%) were female, with a mean age of 58.33 ± 3.5 years (range 54–63; 95% CI 54.66, 62.01). The postoperative spherical equivalent at the 3-month visit was −0.10 m ± 0.82. Also, the UDVA was 0.11 ± 0.08 logMAR, the UIVA 0.01 ± 0.03, and the UNVA 0.01 ± 0.03 3 months after their surgical procedure. Conclusions: The A4 AddOn multifocal IOL’s secondary piggyback implant is an efficient alternative for monofocal pseudophakic patients seeking presbyopia solutions. This sulcus-designed IOL provides an optimal visual outcome for near and distance vision.

scholarly journals Intrinsic spatial knowledge about terrestrial ecology favors the tall for judging distance

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. e1501070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Zhou ◽  
Teng Leng Ooi ◽  
Zijiang J. He
Keyword(s):  
Target Location ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Spatial Knowledge ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Natural Scenes ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Optical Images ◽  
Intermediate Distance ◽  
The Brain

Our sense of vision reliably directs and guides our everyday actions, such as reaching and walking. This ability is especially fascinating because the optical images of natural scenes that project into our eyes are insufficient to adequately form a perceptual space. It has been proposed that the brain makes up for this inadequacy by using its intrinsic spatial knowledge. However, it is unclear what constitutes intrinsic spatial knowledge and how it is acquired. We investigated this question and showed evidence of an ecological basis, which uses the statistical spatial relationship between the observer and the terrestrial environment, namely, the ground surface. We found that in dark and reduced-cue environments where intrinsic knowledge has a greater contribution, perceived target location is more accurate when referenced to the ground than to the ceiling. Furthermore, taller observers more accurately localized the target. Superior performance was also observed in the full-cue environment, even when we compensated for the observers’ heights by having the taller observer sit on a chair and the shorter observers stand on a box. Although fascinating, this finding dovetails with the prediction of the ecological hypothesis for intrinsic spatial knowledge. It suggests that an individual’s accumulated lifetime experiences of being tall and his or her constant interactions with ground-based objects not only determine intrinsic spatial knowledge but also endow him or her with an advantage in spatial ability in the intermediate distance range.

scholarly journals Comparison of the intermediate distance of a trifocal IOL with an extended depth-of-focus IOL: results of a prospective randomized trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentijn S.C. Webers ◽  
Noel J.C. Bauer ◽  
Isabelle E.Y. Saelens ◽  
Onne J.M. Creten ◽  
Tos T.J.M. Berendschot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Prospective Randomized Trial ◽  
Depth Of Focus ◽  
Extended Depth Of Focus ◽  
Trifocal Iol ◽  
Intermediate Distance

Functional Inhibition in Direction-Selective Retinal Ganglion Cells: Spatiotemporal Extent and Intralaminar Interactions

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 1026-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven F. Stasheff ◽  
Richard H. Masland
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Direction Selectivity ◽  
Inner Plexiform Layer ◽  
Neural Element ◽  
Preferred Direction ◽  
Subsequent Response ◽  
Intermediate Distance ◽  
Excitatory Stimulus

We recorded from on-off direction-selective ganglion cells (DS cells) in the rabbit retina to investigate in detail the inhibition that contributes to direction selectivity in these cells. Using paired stimuli moving sequentially across the cells' receptive fields in the preferred direction, we directly confirmed the prediction of Wyatt and Daw (1975) that a wave of inhibition accompanies any moving excitatory stimulus on its null side, at a fixed spatial offset. Varying the interstimulus distance, stimulus size, luminance, and speed yielded a spatiotemporal map of the strength of inhibition within this region. This “null” inhibition was maximal at an intermediate distance behind a moving stimulus: ½ to 1½ times the width of the receptive field. The strength of inhibition depended more on the distance behind the stimulus than on stimulus speed, and the inhibition often lasted 1–2 s. These spatial and temporal parameters appear to account for the known spatial frequency and velocity tuning of on-off DS cells to drifting contrast gratings. Stimuli that elicit distinct onand off responses to leading and trailing edges revealed that an excitatory response of either polarity could inhibit a subsequent response of either polarity. For example, an offresponse inhibited either an on or off response of a subsequent stimulus. This inhibition apparently is conferred by a neural element or network spanning the on andoff sublayers of the inner plexiform layer, such as a multistratified amacrine cell. Trials using a stationary flashing spot as a probe demonstrated that the total amount of inhibition conferred on the DS cell was equivalent for stimuli moving in either the null or preferred direction. Apparently the cell does not act as a classic “integrate and fire” neuron, summing all inputs at the soma. Rather, computation of stimulus direction likely involves interactions between excitatory and inhibitory inputs in local regions of the dendrites.

scholarly journals Seasonal changes in the altitudinal distribution of nocturnally migrating birds during autumn migration

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 150347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. La Sorte ◽  
Wesley M. Hochachka ◽  
Andrew Farnsworth ◽  
Daniel Sheldon ◽  
Benjamin M. Van Doren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Polar Front ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Altitudinal Distribution ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Bird Populations ◽  
Intermediate Distance ◽  
Migrating Birds

Wind plays a significant role in the flight altitudes selected by nocturnally migrating birds. At mid-latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, atmospheric conditions are dictated by the polar-front jet stream, whose amplitude increases in the autumn. One consequence for migratory birds is that the region’s prevailing westerly winds become progressively stronger at higher migration altitudes. We expect this seasonality in wind speed to result in migrants occupying progressively lower flight altitudes, which we test using density estimates of nocturnal migrants at 100 m altitudinal intervals from 12 weather surveillance radar stations located in the northeastern USA. Contrary to our expectations, median migration altitudes deviated little across the season, and the variance was lower during the middle of the season and higher during the beginning and especially the end of the season. Early-season migrants included small- to intermediate-sized long-distance migrants in the orders Charadriiformes and Passeriformes, and late-season migrants included large-bodied and intermediate-distance migrants in the order Anseriformes. Therefore, seasonality in the composition of migratory species, and related variation in migration strategies and behaviours, resulted in a convex–concave bounded distribution of migration altitudes. Our results provide a basis for assessing the implications for migratory bird populations of changes in mid-latitude atmospheric conditions probably occurring under global climate change.

scholarly journals High-contrast and reversible scattering switching via hybrid metal-dielectric metasurfaces

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 460-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Ward ◽  
Khosro Zangeneh Kamali ◽  
Lei Xu ◽  
Guoquan Zhang ◽  
Andrey E Miroshnichenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Sensing ◽  
Slow Light ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Optical Effect ◽  
Third Harmonic ◽  
Nonlinear Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intermediate Distance ◽  
Versatile Tool

Novel types of optical hybrid metasurfaces consist of metallic and dielectric elements are designed and proposed for controlling the interference between magnetic and electric modes of the system, in a reversible manner. By employing the thermo-optical effect of silicon and gold nanoantennas we demonstrate an active control on the excitation and interference between electric and magnetic modes, and subsequently, the Kerker condition, as a directive radiation pattern with zero backscattering, via temperature control as a versatile tool. This control allows precise tuning optical properties of the system and stimulating switchable sharp spectral Fano-like resonance. Furthermore, it is shown that by adjusting the intermediate distance between metallic and dielectric elements, opposite scattering directionalities are achievable in an arbitrary wavelength. Interestingly, this effect is shown to have a direct influence on nonlinear properties, too, where 10-fold enhancement in the intensity of third harmonic light can be obtained for this system, via heating. This hybrid metasurface can find a wide range of applications in slow light, nonlinear optics and bio-chemical sensing.

scholarly journals Migration strategy predicts stopover ecology in shorebirds on the northern Gulf of Mexico

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Renee Henkel ◽  
Caz M. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Migration Strategy ◽  
Northern Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Migratory Shorebirds ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Intermediate Distance ◽  
Potential Population ◽  
Conservation Plans ◽  
Plasma Metabolite

AbstractTwenty-eight species of migratory shorebirds rely on the coastlines of the northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM) to fuel migrations to near-arctic breeding grounds. Shorebird species vary in their migration ecology: some species use a “jump” strategy, migrating long distances without stopping, while others use “skip” and “hop” strategies, stopping to refuel at shorter intervals along their journey. We compared stopover duration, body condition (fat scores and size-adjusted mass), and refueling rates (plasma metabolite concentrations), in three Calidrid sandpiper species (Calidris pusilla, C. mauri, and C. alpina) that differ in migration strategy after leaving the NGOM during spring. Results indicate that, while birds refueled at similar rates, C. alpina, an intermediate distance jump migrant, reached higher fuel stores before departing on migration than the hop and skip migrants, C. pusilla and C. mauri. C. alpina also spent more time on the NGOM than the other two species. Results suggest that NGOM habitats may be particularly important for migration success in C. alpina. This knowledge will help us predict the potential population level consequences of habitat loss due to global change on NGOM shorebird populations and develop conservation plans to mitigate these impacts.

The intermediate distance hypothesis of biological invasions

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanno Seebens ◽  
Franz Essl ◽  
Bernd Blasius
Keyword(s):  
Biological Invasions ◽  
Intermediate Distance

Antipredator strategies of Alaskan moose: are maternal trade-offs influenced by offspring activity?

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 2055-2062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin S White ◽  
Joel Berger
Keyword(s):  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Grizzly Bear ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
South Central ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Intermediate Distance ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Protective Cover ◽  
Natural Predation ◽  
A Site

To maximize fitness, mothers must both provision and protect neonates, demands that may be in conflict, particularly in systems that still experience high levels of natural predation. Whether variation in offspring behaviour alters this putative conflict is not known. The objective of this study was to test hypotheses about the extent to which neonatal activity and ecological variables mediate trade-offs between maternal vigilance and foraging. To address these questions we contrasted data from behavioural observations on female moose (Alces alces) that differed in parity, calf activity, and habitat use at a site in south-central Alaska where they are subject to high levels of grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) and wolf (Canis lupus) predation. Our analyses revealed that females with active juveniles were more vigilant (and as a consequence spent less time feeding) than those with inactive young; vigilance of females without attendant young was intermediate. Distance to apparent protective refugia (e.g., vegetative cover) was positively related to vigilance for all calf-status categories, but lactating females spent more time closer to thick vegetation than did nonlactating females. These results suggest that (i) mothers adjust vigilance when young are inactive to compensate for the loss of foraging opportunities during periods of neonate activity, thereby reducing juvenile vulnerability and increasing the overall feeding rate, and (ii) females with young reduce foraging compromises and, presumably, predation risk by spending more time close to protective cover than do nonlactating females. We conclude that maternal trade-offs can be highly labile and that mothers are able to adjust rapidly to environment-specific situations.

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