neural element
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

50
(FIVE YEARS 10)

H-INDEX

14
(FIVE YEARS 1)

Hand ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 155894472110669
Author(s):  
Lana L. de Lima ◽  
Diego Ariel de Lima ◽  
Thiago H. B. Freire ◽  
Francisco A. A. Almeida ◽  
José A. D. Leite ◽  
...  

Background: The treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) by sectioning the transverse carpal ligament (TCL) is not exempt from complications. Some nerve branches may be damaged by the incision. The aim of this study is to identify and map the TCL nerve endings, serving as a guide for sectioning this structure in a zone with less nerve ending density. Methods: Ten TCLs were obtained from fresh frozen cadavers. The TCLs were measured, divided into 3 equal bands (radial, central, and ulnar), and submitted to cryostat sectioning. The sections were subjected to immunofluorescence with the protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 and confocal microscopy analysis. Results: All the specimens contained type I and type IV mechanoreceptors. Neural elements occupied 0.695 ± 0.056% of the ligament area. The density of the neural elements was greater in the radial, followed by the ulnar and central bands, with 0.730 ± 0.083%, 0.686 ± 0.009%, and 0.669 ± 0.031%, respectively. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that the region with the least potential for neural element injury during TCL release is the central third near the transition with the ulnar third. When performed distally to proximally with a slight inclination from the radial to the ulnar, this release compromises the lowest nerve element density. Topographically, the proximal limit of the release is the distal wrist crease, while the distal limit is the intersection of Kaplan cardinal line and the axis of the third webspace.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirby Saputra ◽  
◽  
Radian Ahmad Halimi

Introduction: A meningoencephalocele is herniation of neural element along with meninges through a congenital defect in cranium. The incidence of encephalocele is approximately 1/5000 live births; occipital encephalocele is more common in females than males. It is called as giant meningoencephalocele when the head is smaller than the meningoencephalocele. These giant meningoencephaloceles harbor a large amount of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain tissue, so there occur various surgical challenges and anesthetic challenges in positioning and intubation. Case: A 12 days neonate was consulted to the neurosurgery department with complaints of large swelling over the back of head and difficulty in feeding. She was diagnosed with ventriculomegaly and meningoencephalocele since 32-33 pregnancy. The swelling was small at the time of birth, but it gradually increased in size. The child was born by section caesarean because of fetal distress and meningoenchepalocele. The neonate current weight was 3.195 grams with Post Conceptional Age (PCA) 35-36 weeks. On examination, the patient large spherical swelling was present over occipital region and there was no head control. The patient was active, conscious with no impression of focal neurological deficit. Systemic examination was unremarkable. The head circumference was 30 cm and circumference of occipital swelling was 40 cm. Potential problems in this patient include preoperative preparation and optimization of general condition, difficulty in positioning the patient, difficult airway (intubation), periodic apnea and potential hemodynamic disturbances and a sudden decrease in intracranial pressure during cele resection. Conclusion: Perioperative management in this case started from preoperative to postoperative evaluation. Preoperative preparation in anticipation of airway difficulties and communication with the operator is very important. Appropriate anesthetic techniques should aim to maintain stable hemodynamics and oxygenation and prevent a sudden increase or decrease in intracranial pressure.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirby Saputra ◽  
Radian Ahmad Halimi

Introduction: A meningoencephalocele is herniation of neural element along with meninges through a congenital defect in cranium. The incidence of encephalocele is approximately 1/5000 live births; occipital encephalocele is more common in females than males. It is called as giant meningoencephalocele when the head is smaller than the meningoencephalocele. These giant meningoencephaloceles harbor a large amount of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain tissue, so there occur various surgical challenges and anesthetic challenges in positioning and intubation. Case: A 12 days neonate was consulted to the neurosurgery department with complaints of large swelling over the back of head and difficulty in feeding. She was diagnosed with ventriculomegaly and meningoencephalocele since 32-33 pregnancy. The swelling was small at the time of birth, but it gradually increased in size. The child was born by section caesarean because of fetal distress and meningoenchepalocele. The neonate current weight was 3.195 grams with Post Conceptional Age (PCA) 35-36 weeks. On examination, the patient large spherical swelling was present over occipital region and there was no head control. The patient was active, conscious with no impression of focal neurological deficit. Systemic examination was unremarkable. The head circumference was 30 cm and circumference of occipital swelling was 40 cm. Potential problems in this patient include preoperative preparation and optimization of general condition, difficulty in positioning the patient, difficult airway (intubation), periodic apnea and potential hemodynamic disturbances and a sudden decrease in intracranial pressure during cele resection. Conclusion: Perioperative management in this case started from preoperative to postoperative evaluation. Preoperative preparation in anticipation of airway difficulties and communication with the operator is very important. Appropriate anesthetic techniques should aim to maintain stable hemodynamics and oxygenation and prevent a sudden increase or decrease in intracranial pressure.


2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 253-257
Author(s):  
MARCELO PARENTE OLIVEIRA ◽  
ROBERTO JOSÉ VIEIRA DE MELLO ◽  
LUCIANO TAVARES MONTENEGRO ◽  
SILVANIA TAVARES PAZ ◽  
DIEGO ARIEL DE LIMA ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Objective: To quantify the neural elements in the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in healthy knees and with primary osteoarthrosis (OA). Methods: In two groups with OA, one of cadavers and another of individuals, the area of neural elements identified in histological sections of PCL with anti-S100 immunohistochemistry was quantified. Results: The overall mean area of the neural elements was 0.96% ± 0.67%, with the value in the cadaver group of 1.02% ± 0.67% and in the OA group of 0.80% ± 0.64%, with a significant statistically difference (p = 0.001). No correlation was observed between neural element quantification and the age of the individuals (p > 0.05). There was no difference in the quantification of neural elements between the sexes in the cadaver group (p = 0.766), but in the OA group there was a statistically significant reduction in males (p = 0.003). Also, in the osteoarthrosis group there was no difference in the quantification of neural elements in the knees with varus or valgus alignment (p = 0.847). Conclusion: There was a decrease in neural element quantification in PCL of individuals affected by OA in relation to non-arthritic individuals, with this quantification not related to age or with the axis of the lower limb. However, this quantification is not related to age or the axis of the lower limb. Level of Evidence III, Case control study.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew S Price

Inhibitory learning promotes emotion regulation via systematic exposure to fear-inducing stimuli. Given that inconsistencies between expectations, states, and outcomes may be experienced as elements of inhibitory learning, to what extent are prediction errors – mismatches between expectations and outcomes – a core neural element of inhibitory learning? This paper takes a complex systems approach to prediction errors and postulates that a prediction error feedback loop – a series of self-perpetuating disparities between expected and perceived outcomes – could be a correlate of or responsible for improved emotion regulation from inhibitory learning. The inhibitory learning prediction error feedback loop may additionally elucidate how human and animal studies demonstrate improved emotion regulation in the form of reduced fear responses without exposure to specific fear-inducing stimuli.


2021 ◽  
pp. 7-8
Author(s):  
Deepak Lohia ◽  
B L Bairwa ◽  
Mudit Mehrotra ◽  
Suresh Kumar Choudhary ◽  
Ankit S Prajapati ◽  
...  

Ectopic breast is a congenital disorder where abnormal additional breast tissue is found. Synonyms are known as supplementary breast polymastia and mammae erraticae. It is a embryological disorder and can present anywhere along the milk line with majority are located in axilla. Presence of additional nipple is known as polythelia. Spinal dysraphism is a congenital disorder where incomplete fusion of mesenchymal tissue bone or neural element of spine. We report a case of spina bida L2-S1 with tethered cord with additional breast with two nipples in a 12 year old girl .Patient does not have symptoms except accessory breast. This is a very rare presentation of spinal dysraphism and this third reported case of literature as per our knowledge.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (07) ◽  
pp. 2050021
Author(s):  
G. R. Liu

Methods of artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been applied to solve various science and engineering problems. TrumpetNets and TubeNets were recently proposed by the author for creating two-way deepnets using the standard finite element method (FEM) and smoothed FEM (S-FEM) as trainers. The significance of these specially configured ANNs is that the solutions to inverse problems have been, for the first time, analytically derived in explicit formulae. This paper presents a novel neural element method (NEM) with a focus on mechanics problems. The key idea is to use artificial neurons to form elemental units called neural-pulse-units (NPUs), using which the shape functions can then be constructed, and used in the standard weak and weakened-weak (W2) formulations to establish discrete stiffness matrices, similar to the standard FEM and S-FEM. Theory, formulation and codes in Python are presented in detail. Numerical examples are then used to demonstrate this novel NEM. For the first time, we have made a clear connection in theory, formulations and coding, between ANN methods and physical-law-based computational methods. We believe that this novel NEM fundamentally changes the way of approaching mechanics problems, and opens a window of opportunity for a range of applications. It offers a new direction of research on unconventional computational methods. It may also have an impact on how the well-established weak and W2 formulations can be introduced to machine learning processes, for example, creating well-behaved loss functions with preferable convexity.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Bramson ◽  
Davide Folloni ◽  
Lennart Verhagen ◽  
Bart Hartogsveld ◽  
Rogier B. Mars ◽  
...  

AbstractRegulation of emotional behavior is essential for human social interactions. Recent work has exposed its cognitive complexity, as well as its unexpected reliance on portions of the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC) also involved in exploration, relational reasoning, and counterfactual choice, rather than on dorsolateral and medial prefrontal areas involved in several forms of cognitive control. This study anatomically qualifies the contribution of aPFC territories to the regulation of social-emotional actions, and explores a possible structural pathway through which emotional regulation might be implemented.We provide converging evidence from task-based fMRI, diffusion-weighted imaging, and functional connectivity fingerprints for a novel neural element in emotional regulation. Task-based fMRI in human male participants (N = 40) performing a social-emotional approach-avoidance task identified aPFC territories involved in the regulation of social-emotional actions. Connectivity fingerprints, based on diffusion-weighted imaging and resting-state connectivity, localized those task-defined frontal regions to the lateral frontal pole (FPl), an anatomically-defined portion of the aPFC that lacks a homologous counterpart in macaque brains. Probabilistic tractography indicated that 10-20% of inter-individual variation in social-emotional regulation abilities is accounted for by the strength of structural connectivity between FPl and amygdala. Evidence from an independent replication sample (N = 50; 10 females) further substantiated this result. These findings provide novel neuroanatomical evidence for incorporating FPl in models of control over human social-emotional behavior.Significance statementSuccessful regulation of emotional behaviors is a prerequisite for successful participation in human society, as is evidenced by the social isolation and loss of occupational opportunities often encountered by people suffering from emotion-regulation disorders such as social-anxiety disorder and psychopathy. Knowledge about the precise cortical regions and connections supporting this control is crucial for understanding both the nature of computations needed to successfully traverse the space of possible actions in social situations, and the potential interventions that might result in efficient treatment of social-emotional disorders. This study provides evidence for a precise cortical region (FPl) and a structural pathway (the ventral amygdalofugal bundle) through which a cognitively complex form of emotional action regulation might be implemented in the human brain.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document