scholarly journals INCIDENCE OF BROODER PNEUMONIA AND GENOTYPING ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS IN BROILER FARMS IN SULAIMNAIYAH

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-534
Author(s):  
B. A. Mahmood ◽  
B. M. Al-Jaff
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Microsatellite Dna ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Dna Repeats ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Short Tandem

Brooder pneumonia is aspergillosis occurs in chicks caused by Aspergillus fumigatus during the first-week post-hatching. It has not been confirmed yet that all A. fumigatus strains cause brooder pneumonia or it restricted to pathogenic strains. From an outbreak included 28 broiler farms in Sulaimaniyah province, 575 dead and sick chicks were randomly selected, diagnosed clinically, histopathologically, and by post-mortem isolation of A. fumigatus, among them 321 chicks were confirmed to be infected by aspergillosis with incidence rate of (57.5 %). Twenty eight clinical isolates of A. fumigatus along with 15 farm environment isolates represented all the farms were subjected to genotyping through (CA)n and (CACCAC)n short tandem microsatellite DNA repeats. All clinical and environmental isolates were highly polymorphic except two clinical isolates from two different farms which were with the same genotype. It could be concluded that all A. fumigatus strains are potential causative agents of brooder pneumonia.

scholarly journals Genetic and virulence variation in an environmental population of the opportunistic pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus

Microbiology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 160 (4) ◽  
pp. 742-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadwa Alshareef ◽  
Geoffrey D. Robson
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Patient Infection ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Virulence Variation

Environmental populations of the opportunistic pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus have been shown to be genotypically diverse and to contain a range of isolates with varying pathogenic potential. In this study, we combined two RAPD primers to investigate the genetic diversity of environmental isolates from Manchester collected monthly over 1 year alongside Dublin environmental isolates and clinical isolates from patients. RAPD analysis revealed a diverse genotype, but with three major clinical isolate clusters. When the pathogenicity of clinical and Dublin isolates was compared with a random selection of Manchester isolates in a Galleria mellonella larvae model, as a group, clinical isolates were significantly more pathogenic than environmental isolates. Moreover, when relative pathogenicity of individual isolates was compared, clinical isolates were the most pathogenic, Dublin isolates were the least pathogenic and Manchester isolates showed a range in pathogenicity. Overall, this suggests that the environmental population is genetically diverse, displaying a range in pathogenicity, and that the most pathogenic strains from the environment are selected during patient infection.

scholarly journals Aspergillus fumigatus Clinical Isolates Carrying CYP51A with TR34/L98H/S297T/F495I Substitutions Detected after Four-Year Retrospective Azole Resistance Screening in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís Pontes ◽  
Caio Augusto Gualtieri Beraquet ◽  
Teppei Arai ◽  
Guilherme Leite Pigolli ◽  
Luzia Lyra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Antifungal Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Azole Resistance ◽  
Resistance Screening ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

ABSTRACT Azole antifungal resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus is a worldwide concern. As in most public hospitals in Brazil, antifungal susceptibility tests are not routinely performed for filamentous fungi at our institution. A 4-year retrospective azole antifungal resistance screening revealed two azole-resistant A. fumigatus clinical isolates carrying the CYP51A TR34 (34-bp tandem repeat)/L98H (change of L to H at position 98)/S297T/F495I resistance mechanism mutations, obtained from two unrelated patients. Broth microdilution antifungal susceptibility testing showed high MICs for itraconazole, posaconazole, and miconazole. Short tandem repeat (STR) typing analysis presented high levels of similarity between these two isolates and clinical isolates with the same mutations reported from the Netherlands, Denmark, and China, as well as environmental isolates from Taiwan. Our findings might indicate that active searching for resistant A. fumigatus is necessary. They also represent a concern considering that our hospital provides tertiary care assistance to immunocompromised patients who may be exposed to resistant environmental isolates. We also serve patients who receive prophylactic antifungal therapy or treatment for invasive fungal infections for years. In these two situations, isolates resistant to the antifungal in use may be selected within the patients themselves. We do not know the potential of this azole-resistant A. fumigatus strain to spread throughout our country. In this scenario, the impact on the epidemiology and use of antifungal drugs will significantly alter patient care, as in other parts of the world. In summary, this finding is an important contribution to alert hospital laboratories conducting routine microbiological testing to perform azole resistance surveillance and antifungal susceptibility tests of A. fumigatus isolates causing infection or colonization in patients at high risk for systemic aspergillosis.

scholarly journals Microsatellite Markers for Typing Aspergillus fumigatus Isolates

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 2413-2418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Bart-Delabesse ◽  
Jean-François Humbert ◽  
Éric Delabesse ◽  
Stéphane Bretagne
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Aspergillosis ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Dna Library ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Reference Strains

The use of microsatellites as highly polymorphic DNA markers for the typing of isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus was investigated. Four CA repeats were selected by screening an A. fumigatus DNA library with a (CA)10 oligonucleotide. Primers flanking these CA repeats were designed to amplify each locus. One primer of each pair was labeled with a fluorophore, and the PCR products were analyzed with an automatic sequencer and the GeneScan software. For each primer set and for a given isolate, one band was detected and was assigned to an allele because A. fumigatus is haploid. With 50 clinical isolates, 50 environmental isolates, and 2 reference strains we obtained 12, 11, 10, and 23 different alleles for the four CA microsatellites, respectively (discriminatory power, 0.994). The results were identical by whatever DNA extraction technique was used. Interestingly, no clustering between environmental and clinical isolates was observed, suggesting that every isolate is potentially pathogenic. Microsatellite markers appear suitable for use in large epidemiological studies of invasive aspergillosis.

scholarly journals Chromatin profiling reveals heterogeneity in clinical isolates of the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. e1010001
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Colabardini ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Zhengqiang Miao ◽  
Lakhansing Pardeshi ◽  
Clara Valero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Genome Stability ◽  
Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Dna Repeats ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patients ◽  
Chromosomal Changes ◽  
Metabolites Production ◽  
Chromatin Profiling ◽  
Genome Heterogeneity

Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis, which is caused by the filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, is a life-threatening infection for immunosuppressed patients. Chromatin structure regulation is important for genome stability maintenance and has the potential to drive genome rearrangements and affect virulence and pathogenesis of pathogens. Here, we performed the first A. fumigatus global chromatin profiling of two histone modifications, H3K4me3 and H3K9me3, focusing on the two most investigated A. fumigatus clinical isolates, Af293 and CEA17. In eukaryotes, H3K4me3 is associated with active transcription, while H3K9me3 often marks silent genes, DNA repeats, and transposons. We found that H3K4me3 deposition is similar between the two isolates, while H3K9me3 is more variable and does not always represent transcriptional silencing. Our work uncovered striking differences in the number, locations, and expression of transposable elements between Af293 and CEA17, and the differences are correlated with H3K9me3 modifications and higher genomic variations among strains of Af293 background. Moreover, we further showed that the Af293 strains from different laboratories actually differ in their genome contents and found a frequently lost region in chromosome VIII. For one such Af293 variant, we identified the chromosomal changes and demonstrated their impacts on its secondary metabolites production, growth and virulence. Overall, our findings not only emphasize the influence of genome heterogeneity on A. fumigatus fitness, but also caution about unnoticed chromosomal variations among common laboratory strains.

scholarly journals Environmental Isolates of Azole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus in Germany

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 4356-4359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Bader ◽  
Jana Tünnermann ◽  
Anna Dudakova ◽  
Marut Tangwattanachuleeporn ◽  
Michael Weig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Antifungal Drug ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Antifungal Drug Resistance ◽  
The World

ABSTRACTAzole antifungal drug resistance inAspergillus fumigatusis an emerging problem in several parts of the world. Here we investigated the distribution of such strains in soils from Germany. At a general positivity rate of 12%, most prevalently, we found strains with the TR34/L98H and TR46/Y121F/T289A alleles, dispersed along a corridor across northern Germany. Comparison of the distributions of resistance alleles and genotypes between environment and clinical samples suggests the presence of local clinical clusters.

scholarly journals Preexposure to Isavuconazole Increases the Virulence of Mucorales but Not Aspergillus fumigatus in a Drosophila melanogaster Infection Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. e01896-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Wurster ◽  
Russell E. Lewis ◽  
Nathaniel D. Albert ◽  
Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Breakthrough mucormycosis in patients receiving isavuconazole prophylaxis or therapy has been reported. We compared the impact of isavuconazole and voriconazole exposure on the virulence of clinical isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus and different Mucorales species in a Drosophila melanogaster infection model. In contrast to A. fumigatus, a hypervirulent phenotype was found in all tested Mucorales upon preexposure to either voriconazole or isavuconazole. These findings may contribute to the explanation of breakthrough mucormycosis in isavuconazole-treated patients.

Azole resistance among clinical isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus in Lima-Peru

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Bustamante ◽  
Luis Ricardo Illescas ◽  
Andrés Posadas ◽  
Pablo E Campos
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Azole Resistance ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Naive Patient ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility

Abstract Azole resistance among Aspergillus fumigatus isolates, which is mainly related to mutations in the cyp51A gene, is a concern because it is rising, worldwide disseminated, and associated with treatment failure and death. Data on azole resistance of aspergillus from Latin American countries is very scarce and do not exist for Peru. Two hundred and seven Aspergillus clinical isolates collected prospectively underwent mycology and molecular testing for specie identification, and 143 isolates were confirmed as A. fumigatus sensu stricto (AFSS). All AFSS were tested for in vitro azole susceptibility, and resistant isolates underwent PCR amplification and sequencing of the whole cyp51A gene and its promoter. The in vitro susceptibility showed a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) range, MIC50 and MIC90 of 0.125 to >16, 0.25, and 0.5 μg/ml for itraconazole; 0.25 to 2, 0.5, and 0.5 μg/ml for voriconazole; and 0.003 to 1, 0.06, and 0.125 μg/ml for posaconazole. Three isolates (2%) showed resistance to itraconazole and exhibited different mutations of the cyp51A gene. One isolate harbored the mutation M220K, while a second one exhibited the G54 mutation plus a modification in the cyp51A gene promoter. The third isolate, from an azole naive patient, presented an integration of a 34-bp tandem repeat (TR34) in the promoter region of the gene and a substitution of leucine 98 by histidine (L98H). The three source patients had a diagnosis or suspicion of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis.

scholarly journals Chromatin profiling reveals genome stability heterogeneity in clinical isolates of the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Colabardini ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Zhengqiang Miao ◽  
Lakhansing Pardeshi ◽  
Clara Valero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Genome Stability ◽  
Genome Instability ◽  
Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Cluster ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patients ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Metabolites Production ◽  
Chromatin Profiling

Invasive Pulmonary aspergillosis is a life-threatening infection in immunosuppressed patients caused by the filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. Chromatin structure regulation is important for genome stability maintenance and has the potential to lead to genome rearrangements driving differences in virulence and pathogenesis of different A. fumigatus isolates. Here, we compared the chromatin activities of the most investigated clinical isolates Af293 and CEA17 and uncovered striking differences in the number, locations and expression of transposable elements. We found evidence for higher genome instability in Af293 as compared to CEA17 and identified a spontaneous Af293 variant that exhibits gross chromosomal alterations including the loss of a 320 kb long segment in chromosome VIII and the amplification of a biosynthetic gene cluster. As a consequence of these re-arrangements, the variant shows increased secondary metabolites production, growth and virulence. Our work emphasizes genome stability heterogeneity as an evolutionary driver of A. fumigatus fitness and virulence.

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