scholarly journals Seasonal Differences in the Abundance of Tsetse Flies (Glossina Species) in Pantaki, Kaduna State

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
Y.A Umar
Keyword(s):  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Trapping Method ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Fly Control ◽  
Tsetse Fly Control

Seasonal differences in the abundance of tsetse flies in Pantaki was investigated between July and August, 2016 and January and February, 2017 in Kagarko. Standard bioconical trapping method was used to collect the insects. A total of 208 tsetse flies were caught of which 139 (66.8%) were Glossina palpalis palpalis while 69 (33.2%) were Glossina tachinoides revealing an overall apparent density of 3.7T/T/D. The results indicate a significant difference (p<0.05) in abundance of tsetse flies in the wet compared to the dry seasons. Also, both species were relatively more abundant during wet (G. palpalis palpalis 75.5%, G. tachinoides 84.1%) than dry (G. palpalis palpalis 24%, G. tachinoides 15.9%) seasons. The differences in abundance observed could be due to the favourable climatic condition. This call for deployment of tsetse fly control measures (during the wet season) in the area.

scholarly journals Comparative performance of traps in catching tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) in Tanzania

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imna I. Malele ◽  
Johnson O. Ouma ◽  
Hamisi S. Nyingilili ◽  
Winston A. Kitwika ◽  
Deusdedit J. Malulu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glossina Pallidipes ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Fly Control ◽  
Tsetse Fly Control ◽  
Species Being ◽  
Biconical Traps

This study was conducted to determine the efficiency of different tsetse traps in 28 sites across Tanzania. The traps used were biconical, H, NGU, NZI, pyramidal, S3, mobile, and sticky panels. Stationary traps were deployed at a distance of 200 m apart and examined 72 h after deployment. The results showed that 117 (52.2%) out of the 224 traps deployed captured at least one Glossina species. A total of five Glossina species were captured, namely Glossina brevipalpis, Glossina pallidipes, Glossina swynnertoni, Glossina morsitans, and Glossina fuscipes martinii. Biconical traps caught tsetse flies in 27 sites, pyramidal in 26, sticky panel in 20, mobile in 19, S3 in 15, NGU in 7, H in 2 and NZI in 1. A total of 21 107 tsetse flies were trapped, with the most abundant species being G. swynnertoni (55.9%), followed by G. pallidipes (31.1%), G. fuscipes martinii (6.9%) and G. morsitans (6.0%). The least caught was G. brevipalpis (0.2%). The highest number of flies were caught by NGU traps (32.5%), followed by sticky panel (16%), mobile (15.4%), pyramidal (13.0%), biconical (11.3%) and S3 (10.2%). NZI traps managed to catch 0.9% of the total flies and H traps 0.7%. From this study, it can be concluded that the most efficient trap was NGU, followed by sticky panel and mobile, in that order. Therefore, for tsetse fly control programmes, NGU traps could be the better choice. Conversely, of the stationary traps, pyramidal and biconical traps captured tsetse flies in the majority of sites, covering all three ecosystems better than any other traps; therefore, they would be suitable for scouting for tsetse infestation in any given area, thus sparing the costs of making traps for each specific Glossina species.Keywords: tseste; traps; densties; Glossina; mobile; stationary; Tanzania

Distribution of tsetse flies and its Trypanosoma species infection in Old Oyo National Park, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
A.O. Omonona ◽  
S.A. Abioye ◽  
P.O. Odeniran ◽  
I.O. Ademola
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Trypanosome Infection ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sub Saharan

Tsetse fly infestation in national parks is a major health risk to both the wildlife and tourists coming to sub-Saharan Africa. However, information on distribution and diversity of tsetse flies and trypanosome infection rate in Protected Areas like Old Oyo National Park in south-west Nigeria is largely unknown. Thus, the study evaluates distribution and diversity of tsetse flies in Magurba Range of Old Oyo National Park. Twelve Nzi traps were set at 50 m equidistance to capture Glossina species for a period of six months between February and August, 2019, considering both the altitudinal and ecological significance. A total of 136 tsetse flies belonging to four species; G. palpalis, G. tachinoides, G. morsitans and G. fusca; were captured. More Glossina species were captured during dry season 77.9% (70.0-84.6) than the wet season 22.1% (15.4-30.0). There was significant difference (p = 0.0001; x2 = 84.9; OR = 12.5) between the proportion of Glossina species captured at the riverine areas (106; 77.9%) and the woodland/forest areas (30; 22.1%). Glossina captured at ground level and 30 cm above ground were 71 (52.2 %) and 65 (47.8%) respectively. The overall prevalence of trypanosome infection (2.94%) was observed for Glossina spp. The presence of infected Glossina spp. indicated an urgent need to establish a concise strategic vector control in National Parks, in order to reduce the risk of transmission to both wildlife and humans in the area. The park is frequently visited by tourists, rangers, researchers and students for educational purposes. Keywords: Glossina spp.; Trypanosoma spp.; vector distribution; Old Oyo National Park

The Tsetse-fly Parasites belonging to the Genus Thyridanthrax (Diptera.—Family Bombyliidae), with Descriptions of new Species

1929 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Austen
Keyword(s):  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Glossina Tachinoides ◽  
Late Professor ◽  
North East ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fly Control ◽  
Tsetse Fly Control ◽  
First Time

The only Dipterous parasites of tsetse-flies at present known belong to the family Bombyliidae, and to the genus Thyridanthrax, O. Sack., as enlarged by the late Professor Bezzi. Hitherto the species of this genus definitely stated in literature to be parasitic in the larval stage in Glossina pupae consisted solely of Th. (Villa) lloydi, Austen, and Th. (Anthrax) abruptus, Lw. In the following pages the number of species of which specimens have been bred from pupae of tsetse-flies is raised to seven, including three species which are described below for the first time. With one exception (Th. argentifrons, sp. n.), in which the holotype emerged from a pupa of Glossina tachinoides, Westw., while a paratype was bred from a pupa of G. morsitans, Westw., form submorsitans, Newst., these flies are not known to attack any species of Glossina other than G. morsitans. Whether it will ever prove possible to make practical use of parasites for the purpose of tsetse-fly control, is a question for the future. In this connection, however, it is perhaps of interest to note that, whereas six out of the seven species dealt with below occur either in Rhodesia, or in countries to the south-east or north-east of that territory, the seventh species (Th. argentifrons) has been met with in Northern Nigeria.

Deltamethrin Persistence on Textiles Used to Make Visual Targets for Tsetse Fly Control is Positively Correlated With Their Polyester Content

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1525-1531
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Kamba Mebourou ◽  
Martine Bourquin ◽  
Francis Oloo ◽  
Armelle Vallat ◽  
Patrick M Guerin
Keyword(s):  
Population Control ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Glossina Pallidipes ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pan African ◽  
Lambwe Valley ◽  
Visual Targets ◽  
Fly Control ◽  
Tsetse Fly Control

Abstract Insecticide-impregnated traps and visual targets are used for tsetse (Diptera, Glossinidae) population control. Such devices are made with textiles and deltamethrin is frequently the insecticide of choice. However, persistence of an insecticide on textiles is affected by exposure to weather. Here we examine the effect of weathering on the capacity of four textiles with increasing proportions of polyester (0, 35, 65, and 100%) with cotton and viscose to retain deltamethrin. Textiles tested were those used to make visual targets in a pan-African program to maximize target efficiency for controlling tsetse vectors of African trypanosomiasis. Following impregnation in an aqueous suspension of deltamethrin at 1,000 mg/m2, textiles were weathered for 18 mo at Lambwe Valley, Kenya and sampled every 3 mo to make knockdown tests on the tsetse fly Glossina pallidipes Austen. Deltamethrin content of the textiles was established using gas chromatography mass-spectrometry at impregnation and after 9 mo of weathering. Textiles with higher proportions of polyester retained deltamethrin better: respectively, 100% polyester and 65:35 polyester/viscose textiles retained deltamethrin at 17 and 11 mg/m2 9-mo post-treatment that caused 100% knockdown in G. pallidipes after 1 h, and killed 67 and 47% of flies, respectively, after 24 h. Eighteen-month weathered 100% polyester treated textile still knocked down all tsetse exposed to it within 2 h. The LD50 for deltamethrin on filter paper for G. pallidipes was estimated at 28.8 mg/m2, indicating that deltamethrin is more available on polyester to kill tsetse.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Cattle Trypanosomosis and Apparent Density of Its Fly Vectors in Bambasi District of Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State, Western Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Morka Amante ◽  
Hika Tesgera
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Trypanosoma Vivax ◽  
Trypanosome Species ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Trypanosomosis is the most serious disease of cattle, which causes great socioeconomic losses in the country. Its socioeconomic impact is reflected on direct losses due to mortality, morbidity, and reduction in milk and meat production, abortion and stillbirth, and also costs associated with combat of the disease are direct losses. A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the prevalence of cattle trypanosomosis, and the apparent density and distribution of its fly vectors in selected study areas. The methods employed during the study were buffy coat technique for parasitological study and deploying trap for the collection of tsetse flies. A total of 1512 flies were trapped, and among them, 1162 were tsetse flies while 350 were biting flies. Higher apparent density for tsetse fly (7.7 F/T/D) followed by Stomoxys (0.9 F/T/D), Tabanus (0.8 F/T/D), and Hematopota (0.6 F/T/D) was recorded. Out of 638 examined cattle, the overall prevalence of trypanosomosis in the study area was 9.1% (58/638). Out of positive cases, Trypanosoma congolense (7.7%) was the dominant trypanosome species followed by Trypanosoma vivax (0.9%), Trypanosoma brucei (0.2%), and mixed infection of Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma vivax (0.3%). There was no a significant difference (p>0.05) in trypanosome infection between age, sex, and trypanosome species. The prevalence of trypanosomosis on the bases of body condition was 2.8% for poor, 5.5% for medium, and 0.8% for good body condition. The overall prevalence of anemia was (36.8%), and presence of anemia was higher in trypanosome positive animals (62.5%) than in negative animals (34.3%) which is statistically significant (p<0.05, CI = 1.794–5.471). The overall mean packed cell volume (PCV) value for examined animals was 25.84 ± 0.252SE. Mean (PCV) of parasitaemic cattle (9.1%) was significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of aparasitaemic cattle (90%). This survey showed that trypanosomosis is still a core problem for livestock production of the study area. Therefore, more attention should be given to the control of both the disease and its vectors.

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