Incidence of trypanosomosis in a Muturu herd at Nsukka, South-Eastern Nigeria

A herd of 38 Muturu cattle under semi-intensive system of management at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka Agricultural Farm, southeastern, Nigeria, was examined for the presence of trypanosome infection over a one year period (April, 1998 - March, 1999). The aim was to assess the incidence of trypanosoniosis and factors that may affect its occurrence variation. Infection was widespread in the herd (67.9%) during the period. Out of the factors (season, sex and age) only season showed a significant effect on the occurrence of trypanosomosis. The incidence was highest in the third quarter of the year corresponding 10 the late rainy season period, followed by the fourth quarter (early dry season, and was least in the first quarter (late dry season). This seasonal incidence varied between 2.6% (CI, 0.3 - 9.196) to 20.396 (CI,12.0-30.8%) 411 the infections were due to Trypanosoma vivax and the principal tsetse vector was Glossina tachinoides. Parasitaemic animals were able to control anaemia as their PCPs vere similar to those of uninfected animals (P>0.05). The importance of these findings in relation to the general epizootiology of trypanosomosis and animal production in the area is discussed.

Trypanosome Infection Rate in Glossina tachinoides: Infested Rivers of Limmu Kosa District Jimma Zone, Western Ethiopia

Objective : Trypanosomosis is a disease of domestic animals and humans resulting from infection with parasitaemic protozoa of the genus Trypanosoma transmitted primarily by tsetse flies. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January-March 2018, to estimate the infection rate of trypanosome in Glossina tachinoides , their distribution, magnitude and involved trypanosome species in Limmu Kosa District of Jimma zone. Methodology and result : Study methodology involved entomological survey using monoconical traps to study the magnitude of Fly density Flay/Trap/Day (FTD) and tsetse fly dissection to estimate infection rate of trypanosome in vector flies. The study result indicated that there was only one species of Tsetse fly Glossina tachinoides detected with FTD=4.45. From total of (n=284) dissected Glossina tachinoides flies only (n= 5) positive for Trypanosome resulting in 1.76% Infection Rate. Peak trypanosome infections were observed in female tsetse 2.04%, n=4 and 1.14%, n=1 in males. Furthermore, 1.06% Glossina tachinoides were infected by Trypanosome vivax and the remaining 0.70% was Trypanosome congolense . Keywords : Limmu Kosa District, Trypanosome, Infection Rate, Glossina tachinoides

Trypanosome Infection Rate in Glossina tachinoides: Infested Rivers of Limmu Kosa District Jimma Zone, Western Ethiopia

Objective: Trypanosomosis is a disease of domestic animals and humans resulting from infection with parasitaemic protozoa of the genus Trypanosoma transmitted primarily by tsetse flies. The study was conducted to estimate the infection rate of trypanosome in vector flies and involved parasite species. Result: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January-March 2018, to study the distribution and infection rate of trypanosome in vector flies and involved parasite species. Study methodology involved entomological survey using monoconical traps to study the magnitude of Fly density Flay/Trap/Day (FTD) and tsetse fly dissection to estimate infection rate of trypanosome in vector flies. The study result indicated that there was only one species of Tsetse fly Glossina tachinoides detected with FTD=4.45. Total of n=284 tsetse flies were dissected and n= 5 positive for Trypanosome resulting in 1.76% Infection Rate. Higher trypanosome infections were observed in female tsetse 1.41%, n=4 and 0.35%, n=1 in males. Furthermore, 1.06% of the trypanosome infections carried by Glossina tachinoides were classified as Trypanosome vivax and the remaining 0.70% was Trypanosome congolense. Keywords: Limmu Kosa District, Trypanosome, Infection Rate, Glossina tachinoides

Trypanosome Infection Rate in Glossina tachinoides: Infested Rivers of Limmu Kosa District Jimma Zone, Western Ethiopia

Objective: Trypanosomosis is a disease of domestic animals and humans resulting from infection with parasitaemic protozoa of the genus Trypanosoma transmitted primarily by tsetse flies and other hematophagous flies. The study was conducted to estimate the infection rate of trypanosome in vector flies and involved parasite species. Result: The study result indicated that there was only one species of Tsetse fly Glossinatachinoides detected with high Flay/Trap/Day = 4.45. Total of n=284 tsetse flies were dissected and n= 5 positive for Glossinatachinoidesresulting in 1.76% infection rate. Higher trypanosome infections were observed in female tsetse with significant infection rate of 1.41%, n=4 and 0.35%, n=1 in males. Furthermore, 1.06% of the trypanosome infections carried by Glossinatachinoides were classified as Trypanosomavivax and the remaining 0.70% was Trypanosomacongolense.The study confirmed the absence of human trypanosomosis in study area with only identified trypanosome parasites were Trypanosomavivax and Trypanosomacongolense. However, the resulted FTD= 4.45 recommend control and suppression of the vector and parasite is mandatory due to Pathogenic Animal Trypanosomosis.

ETUDE DE BASE ENTOMOLOGIQUE EN PRELUDE A UNE CAMPAGNE DE LUTTE CONTRE LA TRYPANOSOMIASE DANS LES CERCLES DE KADIOLO ET SIKASSO AU MALI

Le projet TCP/MLI/3402 FAO intitulé " Appui à la lutte contre la mouche tsé-tsé et les trypanosomoses dans les cercles de Sikasso et Kadiolo, au Mali " a été crée pour appuyer le Projet de Lutte contre la Mouche tsé-tsé et les trypanosomoses (PLMT) dans ses efforts de contrôle des tsé-tsé et trypanosomes. Son objectif était de créer les conditions amenant l'état, les collectivités territoriales et les communautés villageoises à prendre en charge la lutte contre la trypanosomose et ses vecteurs de façon durable. Dans les cercles de Kadiolo (20 villages) et Sikasso (15 villages) 35 villages ont été prospectés. Pour cette étude 350 pièges biconiques Challier – Laveissière ont été posés dans les galeries et au niveau des points de contact des différents cours d'eau et géo référencés à l'aide de GPS. La prospection entomologique dans la zone de l'étude a permis la capture de deux espèces de glossines : Glossina palpalis gambiensis et Glossina tachinoïdes. Le nombre total de glossines capturées est 786 dont 405 mâles et 381 femelles. Parmi les glossines capturées, il ya 691 Glossina palpalis gambiensis dont 349 mâles et 342 femelles, 95 Glossina tachinoïdes dont 56 mâles et 39 femelles. Le sexe ratio est de 1,12, donc légèrement en faveur des mâles. Le taux d'infection des glossines qui concerne le cercle de Kadiolo seulement est 0%. La Densité Apparente de glossines par Piège et par jour (DAP) dans la zone du projet est 2,2.Mots clés : Prospections, glossines, lutte, Mali

Repartition Des Glossines Dans La Province De L’ogooue Ivindo Ancien Foyer De Trypanosomose Humaine Africaine

In Gabon, the situation of Human African Trypanosomosis (HAT) remains unclear. In addition, several historical foci existing in many provinces have not been explored for over 15 years. Yet many studies have shown that this country has to offer favorable ecosystems for the development of tsetse major vectors of HAT. To verify a risk of transmission of sleeping sickness, a tsetse inventory was conducted in the province of Ogooué Ivindo historic home of HAT. Vavoua and Nzi traps were placed in four characteristic habitats of the province: National Park Ivindo, Zadié Village, Forest of Zadié and baï (clearing) of Momba. A total of 2383 flies were captured: 1680 flies in the clearing of Momba, 437 flies in the primary forest Zadié, 139 in the National Park Ivindo and 12 in Zadié village. Moreover, these flies were divided into 7 species Glossina frezili, Glossina fusca congolensis, Glossina nashi, Glossina palpalis palpalis, Glossina tabaniformis, Glossina fuscipes fuscipes and Glossina tachinoides. Glossina palpalis palpalis (46%) was the most abundant species followed by Glossina fusca congolensis (21%) and Glossina nashi (16%). Glossina fuscipes fuscipes (6%), Glossina frezili (4%), Glossina tabaniformis (4%) and Glossina tachinoides (3%) were the least caught species. These results have shown that the province of Ogooué Ivindo still remains infested by tsetse flies. Also, further study monitoring these insects is essential to clarify the epidemiological importance of these vectors on human health in this province.