scholarly journals Time Headway as Indices of Traffic Congestion

Author(s):  
A.A. Emmanuel ◽  
H. Mohammed

Urban mobility problem in Nigeria is on the increase, due to rapid growth in traffic that is not matched with the existing transport infrastructure, resulting in traffic congestion. Headway, a measure of level of service of a roadway, could be instructive in addressing this problem, hence this study. Headway, traffic flow and travel speed were collected for morning and evening peak periods for three consecutive weeks for two selected sections of a road in Ile-Ife, Osun state, using normal procedure. The obtained headway data were subjected to statistical analysis. Headway models were developed using regression analysis and the developed models were evaluated using Adjusted Coefficient of determination (R2). The results showed that the traffic along the road was heterogeneous. The maximum safe speed (85th percentile speed) was 31.20 km/hr, while the minimum allowable speed (15th percentile speed) was 28.50 km/hr. The ratio of flow to capacity (v/c) of the road was 0.65 and thus characterised to operate at level of service C. The headway models were h =0.001n2 -0.418n2 + 35.401, h = 0.002n2 – 0.569n + 42.122 , R-square values of 0.942 and 0.928 and minimum headway values of 5.35 sec. and 5.52 sec. For sections one and two respectively. The road is therefore prone to congestion.

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakiah Ponrahono ◽  
Noorain Mohd Isa ◽  
Ahmad Zaharin Aris ◽  
Rosta Harun

The inbound and outbound traffic flow characteristic of a campus is an important physical component of overall university setting. The traffic circulation generated may create indirect effects on the environment such as, disturbance to lecturetime when traffic congestion occurs during peak-hours, loss of natural environment and greenery, degradation of the visual environment by improper or illegal parking, air pollution from motorized vehicles either moving or in idle mode due to traffic congestion, noise pollution, energy consumption, land use arrangement and health effects on the community of Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Serdang. A traffic volume and Level of Service (LOS) study is required to facilitate better accessibility and improves the road capacity within the campus area. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the traffic volume and Level of Service of the main access the UPM Serdang campus. A traffic survey was conducted over three (3) weekdays during an active semester to understand the traffic flow pattern. The findings on traffic flow during peak hours are highlighted. The conclusions of on-campus traffic flow patterns are also drawn.


Author(s):  
Yi Li ◽  
Weifeng Li ◽  
Qing Yu ◽  
Han Yang

Urban traffic congestion is one of the urban diseases that needs to be solved urgently. Research has already found that a few road segments can significantly influence the overall operation of the road network. Traditional congestion mitigation strategies mainly focus on the topological structure and the transport performance of each single key road segment. However, the propagation characteristics of congestion indicate that the interaction between road segments and the correlation between travel speed and traffic volume should also be considered. The definition is proposed for “key road cluster” as a group of road segments with strong correlation and spatial compactness. A methodology is proposed to identify key road clusters in the network and understand the operating characteristics of key road clusters. Considering the correlation between travel speed and traffic volume, a unidirectional-weighted correlation network is constructed. The community detection algorithm is applied to partition road segments into key road clusters. Three indexes are used to evaluate and describe the characteristic of these road clusters, including sensitivity, importance, and IS. A case study is carried out using taxi GPS data of Shanghai, China, from May 1 to 17, 2019. A total of 44 key road clusters are identified in the road network. According to their spatial distribution patterns, these key road clusters can be classified into three types—along with network skeletons, around transportation hubs, and near bridges. The methodology unveils the mechanism of congestion formation and propagation, which can offer significant support for traffic management.


2019 ◽  
Vol 259 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Riken Homma ◽  
Kazuhisa Iki

Bicycle is widely used in Japan by people of all age groups in daily usage, which may significantly ease traffic congestion. Responding to the cyclists increasing, the method to assess the quality of bicycle travel become necessary. Previous studies reported several approaches to obtain evaluation methods. However, cycleway evaluation in Japan is still far behind the evaluation methods developed in Europe or America. This paper concentrated on familiarizing readers with two methods for evaluating the quality of bicycle facilities and then presenting some proposals of cycleway evaluation in Japan referencing to these two methods. The first method, Bicycle Compatibility Index (BCI), is used to evaluate the road environment for cycling according to the road characteristics by statistical analysis. The second method, Bicycle Level of Service (BLOS), also represents an evaluation of safety for bicyclists. Both of the above methods offered equations of comfort and safety perceptions of bicyclists according to cycling environments. By introducing these methods in combination, this paper enables the readers to maximize the comparative advantages of both BCI and BLOS. The comparison includes sensitivity of variables and the development of both methods. Then we applied BCI and BLOS to evaluate the target roadways in Kumamoto, Japan.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 829
Author(s):  
Guangyue Nian ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
Jianyun Huang

Road traffic congestion is a common problem in most large cities, and exploring the root causes is essential to alleviate traffic congestion. Travel behavior is closely related to the built environment, and affects road travel speed. This paper investigated the direct effect of built environment on the average travel speed of road traffic. Taxi trajectories were divided into 30 min time slot (48 time slots throughout the day) and matched to the road network to obtain the average travel speed of road segments. The Points of Interest (POIs) in the buffer zone on both sides of the road segment were used to calculate the built environment indicators corresponding to the road segment, and then a spatial panel data model was proposed to assess the influence of the built environment adjacent to the road segment on the average travel speed of the road segment. The results demonstrated that the bus stop density, healthcare service density, sports and leisure service density, and parking entrance and exit density are the key factors that positively affect the average road travel speed. The residential community density and business building density are the key factors that negatively affect the average travel speed. Built environments have spatial correlation and spatial heterogeneity in their influence on the average travel speed of road segments. Findings of this study may provide useful insights for understanding the correlation between road travel speed and built environment, which would have important implications for urban planning and governance, traffic demand forecasting and traffic system optimization.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-460
Author(s):  
Moe Myint Mo ◽  
Kyaing ◽  
Ko Ko Lwin ◽  
Yoshihide Sekimoto ◽  
◽  
...  

The current urbanization and motorization have caused a gradual negative impact on the existing transport infrastructure in Yangon City. Currently, the road network throughout Yangon operates at or above its desired capacity during the peak periods. At present, there are over 62,886 registered taxis operating in Yangon City. These taxis provide two different services to passengers: non-metered taxi (traditionally hailed on the street) service and metered taxi (on demand) service. Private cars and taxis constitute 70% of the modes of transport in Yangon City; this may lead to traffic congestion. However, there is lack of relevant data and taxi trip pattern information on how taxi service is related to traffic congestion. Therefore, studies on taxi surveying using Global Positioning Systems (GPS) need to be conducted, and investigations on the effect of taxi services on traffic congestion from these GPS data need to be performed. This study explores the comparison between hourly and daily trips’ frequencies as well as spatial and temporal variations of taxi trips between the two services. Field survey data collected through the GPS and Geographic Information System (GIS) were used to estimate the different taxi travel times that can be applied in predicting the occupied and vacant times in the study area. The specific objective of this research is to examine vacant taxi movement and stationary time (parking time and congestion time) of the two services to quantify the impact of taxi travel time on traffic congestion in Yangon. Moreover, by knowing how the two services vary in terms of operation, the main solution for reducing the congestion in Yangon City can be established. Further, the taxi stationary duration information is useful for knowing the taxi trip hotspot points in each township in Yangon. This may lead to support in defining proposed taxi stands in Yangon City.


Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Alkandari ◽  
Samer Moein

<span lang="EN-US">Minor traffic accidents have become a major problem facing the road users in the recent years, according to the statistics from the Ministry of Interior (MOI) in Kuwait there were recorded 80,388 accidents by the year 2014. Accidents not only affect the mobility but also contribute to air pollution and slow down economic growth. These effects are the result of the seriously extended trips travel time due to accumulated vehicles queue. In some accidents cases, the lost time waiting for the arrival of the traffic officers and filling up the accident report could take up to 45 minutes. The new idea of Vehicle Accident Report application (I-VAR) concept developed by the research team would reduce the waiting time up to 3 minutes (93% savings), which would increase the level of service of the segment of a roadway. In addition, the study will be discussed four major situations on some of the busiest roads in Kuwait. Specifically, gas emissions and cost estimation. Improve the pollution obviously, by using the (I-VAR) application for the minor accidents there is an amount of 360,776,460 K.D would be saved yearly from the Kuwait government funds. It is a consequence of the huge savings in alleviating traffic congestion and generally produces more saver and efficient travel conditions.</span>


2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakiah Ponrahono ◽  
Noorain Mohd Isa ◽  
Ahmad Zaharin Aris ◽  
Rosta Harun

The inbound and outbound traffic flow characteristic of a campus is an important physical component of overall university setting. The traffic circulation generated may create indirect effects on the environment such as, disturbance to lecturetime when traffic congestion occurs during peak-hours, loss of natural environment and greenery, degradation of the visual environment by improper or illegal parking, air pollution from motorized vehicles either moving or in idle mode due to traffic congestion, noise pollution, energy consumption, land use arrangement and health effects on the community of Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Serdang. A traffic volume and Level of Service (LOS) study is required to facilitate better accessibility and improves the road capacity within the campus area. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the traffic volume and Level of Service of the main access the UPM Serdang campus. A traffic survey was conducted over three (3) weekdays during an active semester to understand the traffic flow pattern. The findings on traffic flow during peak hours are highlighted. The conclusions of on-campus traffic flow patterns are also drawn.


2020 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 01116
Author(s):  
S. Venkatcharyulu ◽  
V. Mallikarjunareddy

The purpose of the study and analyze traffic vehicular at peak hours, traffic congestion, determine level of service and provide suitable solution to reduce congestion and improve level of service. Hyderabad is a rapidly urbanizing metropolitan city with a population of 68.1lakhs. The increasing population has led to a tremendous increase in vehicular ownership resulting in high motorization rates. Vehicular population in Hyderabad is about 50lakhs. This increase in vehicular population, congestion and hazardous traffic conditions have resulted in traffic congestions, traffic delays, accidents, environ, noise pollution, air pollution and many more. Traffic volume studies are conducted for the counting number vehicles in th study area . . Data obtained from Nizampet road from the Miyapur useful for the identification of Heavy vehicular flow which studied and number of vehicle movement has studied . The data collected from surveys will be used for determination(PHO) and analysing the traffic volume, passenger car unit (PCU), congestion, Peak hour factor and Directional distribution, volume capacity ratio. A report is to be made on the road of 7km, semi urban road Miyapur X road to Nizampet ,(Hyderabad,INDIA) is studied for vehicles count, road conditions, traffic conditions, peak hour volume, pedestrian count where congestion usually happens, manually using tally sheets and recommend some measures for increasing Level of service of the road. The semi urban road has newly grown village which is immediate vicinity to the developed area. Hence the study of This traffic vehicular moment will help the local authorities to take decisions and finally control over movement of the vehicles.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (0) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sandra Jakulytė ◽  
Virgaudas Puodžiukas

Usually, during the implementing the traffic safety policy, it is often decided to install a roundabout at an emergency junction. The reason is that roundabouts have long been considered the safest intersections due to the low number of conflict points and features to reduce vehicle speed. Unfortunately, the design of circular junctions is a responsible process, during which it is necessary to take into account not only the indicators of traffic safety but also the functional purpose of the road. It is known that the roads are classified according to their functional purpose into 3 groups: transit, connecting and access. By these groups in foreign countries are regulated geometric parameters of roads, possible types of intersections and design classes. Transit roads are subject to the highest requirements, because on these roads predominate uninterrupted traffic flow (the change in speed cannot be more than 10%) and a significant proportion of heavy-cargo vehicles, and the roundabout in such a path causes chaos due to its ability to reduce vehicle speeds (the speed drops by more than 10%). Lithuania faces a problem due to the lack of regulation of the implementation of roundabouts, the traffic congestion of vehicles, fuel consumption, traffic and increase in road accidents. It is not enough to analyze only the average annual daily traffic to design and install a roundabout. It is necessary to take into account the functional purpose of the road, the directional distribution of traffic at the intersection, the 30th-highest hour of traffic volume, capacity and level of service, in other words, to carry out a thorough analysis and research. In this article, there is the analysis of the annular intersection at the A4 Vilnius–Varėna–Gardinas 101.7 km highway. The research determines whether the level of service of the roundabouts meet road level of service according to the functional purpose of the road. Santrauka Vykdant eismo saugumo užtikrinimo politiką, dažnai priimamas sprendimas avaringoje sankryžoje įrengti žiedinę sankryžą. To priežastis yra ta, kad žiedinės sankryžos ilgą laiką buvo laikomos saugiausiomis sankryžomis dėl mažo konfliktinių taškų skaičiaus ir savybės sumažinti transporto priemonių greitį. Deja, žiedinių sankryžų projektavimas atsakingas procesas, kurio metu būtina atsižvelgti ne tik į eismo saugumo rodiklius, tačiau ir į kelio, kuriame ji projektuojama, funkcinę paskirtį. Kaip žinoma, keliai skirstomi pagal savo funkcinę paskirtį į 3 grupes: tranzitiniai, jungiamieji ir privažiavimo, pagal šias grupes užsienio šalyse reglamentuojami kelių geometriniai rodikliai, galimi sankryžų tipai, projektavimo klasės. Tranzitiniams keliams taikomi aukščiausi reikalavimai, nes tokiuose keliuose vyrauja tolygus eismas (važiavimo greičio pokytis negali būti didesnis nei 10 %), didelė sunkiasvorių transporto priemonių dalis eisme, o žiedinė sankryža tokiame kelyje sukelia chaosą dėl savo savybės sumažinti transporto priemonių greitį (greitis mažėja daugiau nei 10 %). Lietuva susiduria su problema – dėl netinkamo žiedinių sankryžų rengimo reglamentavimo valstybinės reikšmės keliuose susidaro transporto priemonių spūstys, didėja kuro sąnaudos, dažnai padaugėja ir eismo įvykių. Norint projektuoti ir įrengti žiedinę sankryžą, neužtenka analizuoti vien vidutinio metinio paros eismo intensyvumo, būtina atsižvelgti į kelio funkcinę paskirtį, kryptinį srautų pasiskirstymą sankryžoje, 30-osios valandos eismo intensyvumą, eismo pralaidumą ir eismo kokybės rodiklius, t. y. atlikti išsamius tyrimus ir analizes. Straipsnyje analizuojama žiedinė sankryža, esanti valstybinės reikšmės magistraliniame kelyje A4 Vilnius–Varėna–Gardinas 101,7 km, tyrimo metu nustatoma, ar žiedinės sankryžos eismo kokybės rodikliai atitinka kelio eismo kokybės rodiklius pagal kelio funkcinę paskirtį.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Amrita Winaya

Traffic congestion is a problem that is often faced by Indonesian big cities. It is related to land use in an area that causes on-street parking. The main cause is the imbalance between demand and supply, namely the need for parking during rush hour exceeds the capacity of existing parking. Another consequence is the increasing of side barriers resulting in the delays on certain roads. Shopping area in Jl.Kapasan, Surabaya is one of the densely areas attracted most people of Surabaya to conduct trading activities and shopping for daily needs. The denstiy of this region will affect the performance of traffic flow and causing delays.The study aims to identify on-street parking in Jl.Kapasan shopping area, consequences arising from parking on the road, and determine the level of service or performance of roads around this shopping area. The analytical methods used are derived from Indonesian Highway Capacity Manual 1997. Based on calculation and analysis, the capacity of Jl.Kapasan without parking on the road was 1468 pcu/hour and with on-street parking was only 1276 pcu/hour.


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