Operational characteristics of a machine-tractor unit for direct sowing of barley using the JD LINK telematics system

A study has been conducted for some operational indicators of a machine-tractor unit (MTU) for direct sowing of barley. The data for this study has been collected and retrieved by using the JD Link telematics system from two different fields sown with barley: field A with irregular shape and area of 13.75 ha and field B with rectangular shape and area of 16.26 ha. It was found that for both fields the values for the most monitored parameters were very close as follows: for the engine speed of the sowing unit during working stroke – 1553.65 min-1 (A) and 1586.11 min-1 (B) (the difference is <2.08%); for the idle mode of the sowing unit – 900.08 min-1 (A) and 905.63 min-1 (B) (the difference is <0.62%); for the actual working speed – 9.97 km/h (А) and 10.16 km/h (В) (the difference is <1.9%), registered when the MTU is performing the technological operation “sowing”; those parameters of MTU are nor influenced by the field size and shape. Larger differences in values between the two fields were established in terms of the relative share of engine used – 19.98% (A) and 21.55% (B) (the difference is <7.3%) and for the consumed diesel fuel (in field А it was 7.2% liters higher than in field В, respectively, 11.7% higher referring to the average diesel fuel consumption – liters per hour). The actual hourly productivity in field A was 20% lower than in field B – 3.05 vs 3.81, which is due to the fact that in the field with irregular shape – A the sowing unit made more turns at the end of the levels than in the field with rectangular shape – B.

Controlling Mini Exhaust Fan through Android-Based Smartphone for IoT-Based Smart Home System

In this work, we present a control system for a mini electrical fan. The aim of this work is to design a controller prototype for an electrical fan within the smart home system. The system consists of an STM32L100 microcontroller for controlling the electrical fan using pulse-width modulation (PWM), TIP 102 BJT transistor for ‘off,’ and ‘on’ control of the fan, and 1N4007 fly-back diode. The PWM is generated by the STM32L100 microcontroller to control the Fan’s speed softly (25%, 50%, 75%, and 0% - 100% of speed). In addition, the system is equipped with a ZigBee module to support wireless communication with the host, which is required to receive and process commands from the Android application used for the user interface. Moreover, with the Zigbee module, the fan device enables be integrated wirelessly with other end devices in a smart home environment through a network (e.g., Mesh topology). Based on the testing performed, the system can work as intended, it can be controlled easily using Android smartphone and its speed, with the currents of 43.1 mA (idle mode) and 145.1 mA (processing mode) powered by 12 VDC.

A STUDY ON DYNAMIC CH AMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A NEW REMO TERISTICS OF A NEW REMOTE TRANSFORMER CURRENT CONVERTER WITHOUT COMPENSA COMPENSATING CAP TING CAPACITOR

In this research paper, analytical equations of the transient characteristics of a new remote transformer current converter without a compensating capacitor have been obtained when a stepwise, linearly increasing, sinusoidal and sinusoidal with a damped amplitude of effects was applied to their input. It has been shown that the developed current converter can be represented in the structural schemes of monitoring and control systems in the form of a series-connected real ifferentiating link without statism and inertial (aperiodic) link of the first order, and in the case of neglecting active losses in the magnetic circuit and when the converter is operating in idle mode, i.e in the form of ideal differentiating link.It has been established that the transient response of the developed current transducer has an aperiodic character when a surge primary current is fed to its input, and with a relatively very large value of the time constant of the secondary circuit compared to the time constant of the magnetic circuit, transient response approaches transient response of a real differentiating link.

Fuel consumption of a machine-tractor unit in direct sowing of wheat

A study has been conducted on the fuel consumption in direct sowing of wheat with a Horsch Avatar 6.16 SD direct seeder aggregated to a John Deere 7250 R tractor. The experimental field (29.53 ha) was sown with winter soft wheat (Silverio variety) at a sowing rate of 195 kg/ha. The data from the sowing unit were collected using the JD Link telematics system, downloaded from the system and imported and compiled in a database. Fuel consumption was analyzed in accordance with the operation mode, the idle mode and the transportion mode of the machine-tractor unit. It was found that the average fuel consumption in work mode (when the seeder was sowing) was 23.08 l/h, while in transportion mode the seeding unit consumed 16.55 l/h and while the unit was idling it consumed 4.30 l/h. The results also show that the seeding unit has travelled 63 km and consumed 185 L of diesel fuel at an average diesel consumption of 23.08 l/h.

AN ELECTROMAGNETIC CATAPULT FOR LAUNCHING HEAVY UAVs (DRONES) FROM SMALL VESSELS

The paper presents the results of mathematical modeling of the operation of a novel electromagnetic catapult design. The main elements of the latter are a single-section multi-rail accelerator with a metal armature and a pulsed energy source based on the powerful pulsed MHD generator and current-increasing transformer. The possibilities of such a scheme for accelerating bodies weighing 7 tons to speeds of about 150 km/h at a maximum permissible acceleration of 15 g are investigated. The mathematical model describes the coordinated operation of the device, starting with connecting of the pulsed MHD generator in idle mode to the primary winding of the transformer and up to the moment when the drone accelerates to a given takeoff speed. Using the proposed model, the efficiency of the electromechanical energy conversion in the developed catapult scheme is tested. The parameters of the main elements of the device, namely the length of the acceleration section of the catapult and the maximum acceleration of the drone, are determined.

FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM OF PLANNING AIRCRAFT ROUTES WHEN SERVICING A RANDOM FLOW OF APPLICATIONS ARRIVING IN FLIGHT

The work is about process of ground facilities servicing by aircrafts group when receiving requests during the flight. In case of manned aircraft, servicing of one request refers to the flight from the point to another one. As for unmanned aircrafts, it is necessary to observe reached destination point at the specified speed and flight altitude. It is assumed that the distance between the points and the moments of requests appearing ranked by the Poisson law. Necessary condition of successful task solving is that the average service speed of the requests flow exceeds the average speed of their receipt. It was found that taking into account the randomness of requests, three flight situations are possible – the “idle” mode in service when the requests number is less than the number of unoccupied aircraft, the regular mode when the balance of supply and demand and the “peak” mode when the requests number is increased and there is a queue in service.

DETERMINATION OF THE DEPENDENCE OF CHANGE OF EMPERATURE OF THE EXHAUST GAS SYSTEM AT REDUCED TEMPERATURES

The aim of the study is to determine the relationship between the duration of the operation of the vehicle's power plant in idle mode and the temperature of the surfaces of the exhaust system. During engine operation, the temperature of individual components of the exhaust system was measured by means of thermocouples. The results obtained demonstrate that the dynamics of changes in the degree of heating of various parts of the exhaust system remains similar at different air temperatures. The dependence of the surface temperature of the exhaust system elements on time is built. The revealed regularities can be taken into account when developing various methods of periodic heating of the exhaust system.