scholarly journals TRANSFER OF DANGEROUS VIRAL INFECTIONS IN THE NON-ENDEMIC AREA

2017 ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
V. A. Markin ◽  
D. E. Chifanov
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Valley Fever

Epidemic data are presented, possible causes analyzed and the dangers of observed in recent years expansion of existing areas of viral infections, including the introduction of the agent to the non-endemic area, evaluated. At the present time there is a significant expansion of the ranges of some zooantroponozes pathogens, particular filovirus Ebola and arboviruses - Rift Valley fever, Zika, Chikungunya. When extending the boundaries of epidemic foci in the new territory for the pathogen, can occur aggravating of clinical manifestations of the disease and increase mortality among the indigenous population. Extremely hazardous exotic viral hemorrhagic fever (Ebola, Marburg, Lassa) when transfer with sick people in some cases, can cause contamination of the contact persons. Rift Valley fever - one of the most aggressive arboviruses, in the case of importation can form stable epidemic foci. Transfer of Zika fever in the territory of the Russian Federation has not represent substantial epidemiological value. Epidemiological factors, essential for the formation of new areas of pathogens may include the presence of permissive candidates in natural hosts and vectors, the climatic conditions. Role of socio-economic factors is significant. Among of environmental factors is the important role of some trace elements, including selenium, involved in the regulation of homeostasis and which faults occur in the upward virulence virus mutating. In parts of Africa and Asia, with soils poor in selenium, were first introduced pathogens or highly virulent strains of influenza A, SARS, Ebola and of SIV, and drifts on these and similar areas have led to an increase in the virulence of viruses.

scholarly journals The S Segment of Rift Valley Fever Phlebovirus (Bunyaviridae) Carries Determinants for Attenuation and Virulence in Mice

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 1538-1543 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Vialat ◽  
A. Billecocq ◽  
A. Kohl ◽  
M. Bouloy
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Attenuated Virus ◽  
Infected Cells

ABSTRACT Unlike all the other Rift Valley fever virus strains (Bunyaviridae, Phlebovirus) studied so far, clone 13, a naturally attenuated virus, does not form the filaments composed of the NSs nonstructural protein in the nuclei of infected cells (R. Muller, J. F. Saluzzo, N. Lopez, T. Drier, M. Turell, J. Smith, and M. Bouloy, Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 53:405–411, 1995). This defect is correlated with a large in-frame deletion in the NSs coding region of the S segment of the tripartite genome. Here, we show that the truncated NSs protein of clone 13 is expressed and remains in the cytoplasm, where it is degraded rapidly by the proteasome. Through the analysis of reassortants between clone 13 and a virulent strain, we localized the marker(s) of attenuation in the S segment of this attenuated virus. This result raises questions regarding the role of NSs in pathogenesis and highlights, for the first time in theBunyaviridae family, a major role of the S segment in virulence and attenuation, possibly associated with a defect in the nonstructural protein.

scholarly journals Detection of the Northeastern African Rift Valley Fever Virus Lineage During the 2015 Outbreak in Mauritania

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ndeye Sakha Bob ◽  
Hampâté Bâ ◽  
Gamou Fall ◽  
Elkhalil Ishagh ◽  
Mamadou Y. Diallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever

Abstract Background Rift Valley fever (RVF) is an acute viral anthropozoonosis that causes epizootics and epidemics among livestock population and humans. Multiple emergences and reemergences of the virus have occurred in Mauritania over the last decade. This article describes the outbreak that occurred in 2015 in Mauritania and reports the results of serological and molecular investigations of blood samples collected from suspected RVF patients. Methods An RVF outbreak was reported from 14 September to 26 November 2015 in Mauritania. Overall, 184 suspected cases from different localities were identified by 26 health facilities. Blood samples were collected and tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at the Institut Pasteur de Dakar (IPD). Sequencing of partial genomes and phylogenetic analyses were performed on RT-PCR–positive samples. As part of routine surveillance at IPD, samples were also screened for dengue, yellow fever, West Nile, Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever, Zika, and Chikungunya viruses by ELISA and RT-PCR. Results Of the 184 suspected cases, there were 57 confirmed cases and 12 deaths. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences indicated an emergence of a virus that originated from Northeastern Africa. Our results show co-circulation of other arboviruses in Mauritania—dengue, Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever, and West Nile viruses. Conclusion The Northeastern Africa lineage of RVF was responsible for the outbreak in Mauritania in 2015. Co-circulation of multiples arboviruses was detected. This calls for systematic differential diagnosis and highlights the need to strengthen arbovirus surveillance in Africa.

scholarly journals Rift Valley Fever: Important Considerations for Risk Mitigation and Future Outbreaks

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elysse N. Grossi-Soyster ◽  
A. Desiree LaBeaud
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Exposure Risks ◽  
Psychological Impairment

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic phlebovirus of the Phenuiviridae family with great opportunity for emergence in previously unaffected regions, despite its current geographical limits. Outbreaks of RVFV often infect humans or domesticated animals, such as livestock, concurrently and occur sporadically, ranging from localized outbreaks in villages to multi-country events that spread rapidly. The true burden of Rift Valley fever (RVF) is not well defined due to underreporting, misdiagnosis caused by the broad spectrum of disease presentation, and minimal access for rapid and accurate laboratory confirmation. Severe symptoms may include hemorrhagic fever, loss of vision, psychological impairment or disturbances, and organ failure. Those living in endemic areas and travelers should be aware of the potential for exposure to ongoing outbreaks or interepidemic transmission, and engage in behaviors to minimize exposure risks, as vaccinations in humans are currently unavailable and animal vaccinations are not used routinely or ubiquitously. The lack of vaccines approved for use in humans is concerning, as RVFV has proven to be highly pathogenic in naïve populations, causing severe disease in a large percent of confirmed cases, which could have considerable impact on human health.

scholarly journals Role of the cytosolic tails of Rift Valley fever virus envelope glycoproteins in viral morphogenesis

Virology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 448 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Carnec ◽  
Myriam Ermonval ◽  
Felix Kreher ◽  
Marie Flamand ◽  
Michèle Bouloy
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Envelope Glycoproteins ◽  
Virus Envelope ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Viral Morphogenesis

scholarly journals Rift Valley fever in West Africa: the role of space in endemicity

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1878-1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charly Favier ◽  
Karine Chalvet-Monfray ◽  
Philippe Sabatier ◽  
Renaud Lancelot ◽  
Didier Fontenille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Valley Fever

scholarly journals A ΩXaV motif in the Rift Valley fever virus NSs protein is essential for degrading p62, forming nuclear filaments and virulence

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (19) ◽  
pp. 6021-6026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Normand Cyr ◽  
Cynthia de la Fuente ◽  
Lauriane Lecoq ◽  
Irene Guendel ◽  
Philippe R. Chabot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rift Valley ◽  
Rift Valley Fever ◽  
Excision Repair ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Rift Valley Fever Virus ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Infected Cells

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a single-stranded RNA virus capable of inducing fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans. A key component of RVFV virulence is its ability to form nuclear filaments through interactions between the viral nonstructural protein NSs and the host general transcription factor TFIIH. Here, we identify an interaction between a ΩXaV motif in NSs and the p62 subunit of TFIIH. This motif in NSs is similar to ΩXaV motifs found in nucleotide excision repair (NER) factors and transcription factors known to interact with p62. Structural and biophysical studies demonstrate that NSs binds to p62 in a similar manner as these other factors. Functional studies in RVFV-infected cells show that the ΩXaV motif is required for both nuclear filament formation and degradation of p62. Consistent with the fact that the RVFV can be distinguished from otherBunyaviridae-family viruses due to its ability to form nuclear filaments in infected cells, the motif is absent in the NSs proteins of otherBunyaviridae-family viruses. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that p62 binding to NSs through the ΩXaV motif is essential for degrading p62, forming nuclear filaments and enhancing RVFV virulence. In addition, these results show how the RVFV incorporates a simple motif into the NSs protein that enables it to functionally mimic host cell proteins that bind the p62 subunit of TFIIH.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document