scholarly journals The interacting effects of genetic variation in Geranium subg. Geranium (Geraniaceae) using scot molecular markers

Caryologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Bo Shi ◽  
Majid Khayatnezhad ◽  
Abdul Shakoor
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Information Index ◽  
Narrow Endemic

One of the most crucial aspects of biological diversity for conservation strategies is genetic diversity, particularly in rare and narrow endemic species. Our study is the first attempt to utilize SCoT markers to check the genetic diversity in Iran. We used 115 plant samples. Our objectives were 1) to check genetic diversity among Geranium species 2) Genetic structure of the Geranium 3) Do the Geranium species exchange genes? 4) To detect isolation by distance among the Geranium species. We used traditional morphological and molecular methods to assess genetic diversity and genetic structure in the Geranium species. A total of 129 amplified polymorphic bands were generated across 13 Geranium species. The size of the amplified fragments ranged from 150 to 3000 bp. G. stepporum showed the highest values for the effective number of alleles (Ne = 1.30) and Shannon information index (I =0.35). Significant ANOVA results (P <0.01) showed differences in quantitative morphological characters in plant species. G. sylvaticum showed high genetic diversity. Mantel test showed a significant correlation (r = 0.17, p=0.0002) between genetic distance and geographical distance, so isolation by distance (IBD) occurred among the Geranium species. According to the SCoT markers analysis, G. kotschyi and G. dissectum had the lowest similarity, and the species of G. sylvaticum and G. pratense had the highest similarity. The present study revealed that a combination of morphological and SCoT methods could distinguish the species of Geranium.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Population Divergence of a Rare, Endemic Grass (Elymus breviaristatus) in the Southeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqing Yu ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Yi Xiong ◽  
Yanli Xiong ◽  
Zhixiao Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Population Divergence ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Widespread Species

Elymus breviaristatus is a grass species only distributed in the southeast of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), which has suffered from serious habitat fragmentation. Therefore, understanding patterns of genetic diversity within and among natural E. breviaristatus populations could provide insight for future conservation strategies. In this study, sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers were employed to investigate the genetic diversity and hierarchical structure of seven E. breviaristatus populations from QTP, China. Multiple measures of genetic diversity indicated that there is low to moderate genetic variation within E. breviaristatus populations, consistent with its presumed mating system. In spite of its rarity, E. breviaristatus presented high genetic diversity that was equivalent to or even higher than that of widespread species. Bayesian clustering approaches, along with clustering analysis and principal coordinate analysis partitioned the studied populations of E. breviaristatus into five genetic clusters. Differentiation coefficients (Fst, GST, etc.) and AMOVA analysis revealed considerable genetic divergence among different populations. BARRIER analyses indicated that there were two potential barriers to gene flow among the E. breviaristatus populations. Despite these patterns of differentiation, genetic distances between populations were independent of geographic distances (r = 0.2197, p = 0.2534), indicating little isolation by distance. Moreover, despite detecting a common outlier by two methods, bioclimatic factors (altitude, annual mean temperature, and annual mean precipitation) were not related to diversity parameters, indicating little evidence for isolation caused by the environment. These patterns of diversity within and between populations are used to propose a conservation strategy for E. breviaristatus.

scholarly journals Molecular techniques in the assessment of genetic relationships between populations of Consolida (Ranunculaceae)

Caryologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-161
Author(s):  
Jing Ma ◽  
Wenyan Fan ◽  
Shujun Jiang ◽  
Xiling Yang ◽  
Wenshuai Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
High Genetic Diversity

Genetic diversity studies are essential to understand the conservation and management of plant resources in any environment. The genus Consolida (DC.) Gray (Ranuculaceae) belongs to tribe Delphinieae. It comprises approximately 52 species, including the members of the genus Aconitella Spach. No detailed Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) studies were conducted to study Consolida genetic diversity. Therefore, we collected and analyzed 19 species from 12 provinces of regions. Overall, one hundred and twenty-seven plant specimens were collected. We showed significant differences in quantitative morphological characters in plant species. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean and principal component analysis (PCA) divided Consolida species into two groups. All primers produced polymorphic amplicons though the extent of polymorphism varied with each primer. The primer OPA-06 was found to be most powerful and efficient as it generated a total of 24 bands of which 24 were polymorphic. The Mantel test showed correlation (r = 0.34, p=0.0002) between genetic and geographical distances. We reported high genetic diversity, which clearly shows the Consolida species can adapt to changing environments since high genetic diversity is linked to species adaptability. Present results highlighted the utility of RAPD markers and morphometry methods to investigate genetic diversity in Consolida species. Our aims were 1) to assess genetic diversity among Consolida species 2) is there a correlation between species genetic and geographical distance? 3) Genetic structure of populations and taxa.

scholarly journals Detecting DNA polymorphism and genetic diversity in a wide pistachio germplasm by RAPD markers

Genetika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 783-798
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Qian ◽  
Shahram Mehri
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Pistacia Vera ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Genetic Structure Of Populations ◽  
Geographical Distances ◽  
Species Adaptability

Assessing the genetic diversity in the population is the prerequisite to start and develop plant breeding projects. Pistacia vera is considered as a commercial species of Pistacia genus. In Iran, Pistachio export is in the second place in terms of non-oil exports and in the first place among horticultural crops. Therefore, we collected and analyzed 11 pistachio genotype (Pistacia vera), from two provinces of Iran regions. Our aims were 1) to assess genetic diversity among some of Irainian pistachio cultivars 2) is there a correlation between species genetic and geographical distance? 3) Genetic structure of populations and taxa. We showed significant differences in quantitative morphological characters in plant species. Akbari cultivars depicted unbiased expected heterozygosity (UHe) in the range of 0.028. Shannon information was high (0.49) in Seifadini cultivars. Akbari cultivars howed the lowest value, 0.029. The observed number of alleles (Na) ranged from 0.261 to 2.700 in Shahpasand cultivars and Kalehghoochi cultivars. The effective number of alleles (Ne) was in the range of 1.021-1.800 for Akbari cultivars and Moosaabadi cultivars .Gene flow (Nm) was relatively low (0.38) in pistachio cultivars. The Mantel test showed correlation (r = 0.33, p=0.0001) between genetic and geographical distances. We reported high genetic diversity, which clearly shows the among some of Irainian pistachio cultivars can adapt to changing environments since high genetic diversity is linked to species adaptability. Present results highlighted the utility of RAPD markers and morphometry methods to investigate genetic diversity in pistachio cultivars.

scholarly journals Breeding potential and genetic diversity of "Híbrido do Timor" coffee evaluated by molecular markers

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesfahun Alemu Setotaw ◽  
Eveline Teixeira Caixeta ◽  
Guilherme Ferreira Pena ◽  
Eunize Maciel Zambolim ◽  
Antonio Alves Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Information Index ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis ◽  
Potential Use

AFLP, RAPD and SSR molecular markers were used to study the genetic diversity and genetic structure of the Híbrido de Timor germplasm. The principal coordinate analysis, UPGMA cluster analysis based on genetic dissimilarity of Jaccard, Bayesian model-based cluster analysis, percentage of polymorphic loci, Shannon's information index and Nei gene diversity were employed to assess the genetic diversity. The analyses demonstrated a high genetic diversity among Híbrido de Timor accessions. UPGMA and Bayesian cluster analyses grouped the accessions into three clusters. The genetic structure of Híbrido de Timor is reported. The management of Híbrido de Timor germplasm variability and its potential use in breeding programs are discussed.

scholarly journals Molecular identification and genetic diversity in Hypericum L.: A high value medicinal plant using RAPD markers markers

Genetika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 393-405
Author(s):  
Dezhong Bi ◽  
Dan Chen ◽  
Majid Khayatnezhad ◽  
Zohreh Hashjin ◽  
Zifa Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure Of Populations ◽  
Geographical Distances ◽  
Species Adaptability ◽  
Hypericum Species

Genus Hypericum (Guttiferae, Hypericoideae) is perennial, belonging to the Hypericaceae family, having 484 species in forms of trees, shrubs, and herbs, distributed in 36 taxonomic sections. No detailed Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) studies were conducted to study Hypericum genetic diversity. Therefore, we collected and analyzed six species from five provinces of Iran regions. Overall, seventy plant specimens were collected. Our aims were 1) to assess genetic diversity among Hypericum species 2) is there a correlation between species genetic and geographical distance? 3) Genetic structure of populations and taxa. We showed significant differences in quantitative morphological characters in plant species. H. dogonbadanicum depicted unbiased expected heterozygosity (UHe) in the range of 0.10. Shannon information was high (0.32) in H. perforaturm. H. dogonbadanicum showed the lowest value, 0.17. The observed number of alleles (Na) ranged from 0.22 to 0.53 in H. dogonbadanicum and H. elongaturn. Gene flow (Nm) was relatively low (0.87) in Hypericum. The Mantel test showed correlation (r = 0.45, p=0.0001) between genetic and geographical distances. We reported high genetic diversity, which clearly shows the Hypericum species can adapt to changing environments since high genetic diversity is linked to species adaptability. Present results highlighted the utility of RAPD markers and morphometry methods to investigate genetic diversity in Hypericum species.

scholarly journals Evaluation of genetic diversity in geranium (Geraniaceae) using RAPD marker

Genetika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 363-378
Author(s):  
Juan Yin ◽  
Majid Khayatnezhad ◽  
Abdul Shakoor
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Genetic Structure Of Populations

Genetic diversity studies are essential to understand the conservation and management of plant resources in any environment. No detailed Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) studies were conducted to study Geranium genetic diversity. Therefore, we collected and analyzed thirteen species from nine provinces. Overall, one hundred and twenty-five plant specimens were collected. Our aims were 1) to assess genetic diversity among Geranium species 2) is there a correlation between species genetic and geographical distance? 3) Genetic structure of populations and taxa. We showed significant differences in quantitative morphological characters in plant species. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean and multidimensional scaling divided Geranium species into two groups. G. sylvaticum depicted unbiased expected heterozygosity (UHe) in the range of 0.11. Shannon information was high (0.38) in G. columbinum. G. sylvaticum showed the lowest value, 0.14. The observed number of alleles (Na) ranged from 0.25 to 0.55 in G. persicum and G. tuberosum. The effective number of alleles (Ne) was in the range of 1.020-1.430 for G. tuberosum and G. collinum. Gene flow (Nm) was relatively low (0.33) in Geranium. The Mantel test showed correlation (r = 0.27, p=0.0002) between genetic and geographical distances. We reported high genetic diversity, which clearly shows the Geranium species can adapt to changing environments since high genetic diversity is linked to species adaptability. Present results highlighted the utility of RAPD markers and morphometry methods to investigate genetic diversity in Geranium species.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of Lonicera L. (Caprifoliaceae) estimated by molecular markers and morphological characters

Genetika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 651-662
Author(s):  
Xin Ma ◽  
Huailiang Tian ◽  
Haiou Xia ◽  
Z Zeenat
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Changing Environments ◽  
Genetic Structure Of Populations ◽  
Geographical Distances ◽  
Species Adaptability

Members of Lonicera are characterized by opposite, narrowly elliptic to obovate leaves, white, yellow, reddish, or purple-red corolla with capitate stigma and undulate calyx margin. In Flora Iranica, Wendelbo (1965) classified 19 species of the Lonicera into two subgenera (Chamaecerasus and Lonicera) and three sections, namely Isoxylosteum, Isika and Coeloxylosteum. The four studied species belong to subgenus Chamaecerasus and sections Isika and Coeloxylosteum. No detailed Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) studies were conducted to study Lonicera genetic diversity. Therefore, we collected and analyzed three species from 2 provinces regions. Overall, 45 plant specimens were collected. Our aims were 1) to assess genetic diversity among Lonicera species 2) is there a correlation between species genetic and geographical distance? 3) Genetic structure of populations and taxa. We showed significant differences in quantitative morphological characters in plant species. The Mantel test showed correlation (r=0.66, p=0.0001) between genetic and geographical distances. We reported high genetic diversity, which clearly shows the Lonicera species can adapt to changing environments since high genetic diversity is linked to species adaptability. Present results highlighted the utility of RAPD markers and morphometry methods to investigate genetic diversity in Lonicera species.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and structure among natural populations of Mytilaria laosensis (Hamamelidaceae) revealed by microsatellite markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niu Yu ◽  
Jie Yuan ◽  
Guangtian Yin ◽  
Jinchang Yang ◽  
Rongsheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Magnetic Bead ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Information Index ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
High Level ◽  
Mytilaria Laosensis

Abstract Mytilaria laosensis is a fast-growing tropical broadleaf tree that is extensively used for wood production and has significant ecological benefits. To investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of M. laosensis, eight major natural popu­lations in China were analyzed by using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A total of 88 microsatellite-containing fragments were obtained by the method of magnetic bead enrichment, among which 26 pairs of SSR primers were scree­ned out and used to generate a total of 190 alleles among 152 individuals. The average of observed number of alleles, Shannon’s information index and polymorphism information content per locus were 18.3, 1.1577 and 0.7759, respectively, implying a high level of genetic diversity in M. laosensis popu­lations. The variation within populations accounted for 81.74 % of total variation based on analysis of molecular variance. Clus­ter analysis divided the eight populations into four groups, among which five populations from the southern parts of Guangxi province were classified as one major group. Mantel test showed that there was highly significant correlation bet­ween Euclidean genetic distance and geographic distance, suggesting that geographic isolation contribute to the high genetic diversity of M. laosensis. Together, these could provide support for the feasibility of exploration and utilization of M. laosensis in subtropical areas of East Asia including Jiangxi, Hunan and Fujian province of China.

scholarly journals Population Genetic Diversity and Structure of Threatened Magnolia Species in Western Mexico

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Angel Muñiz-Castro ◽  
Gabriela Lopez-Barrera ◽  
Maried Ochoa-Zavala ◽  
Patricia Castro-Felix ◽  
Jose Antonio Vazquez-Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
New Species ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure

Abstract Background: Genetic diversity is needed to preserve the capability of a species to survive to environmental changes. Due to the presence of small isolated populations, relict species such as Magnolia are at an elevated extinction risk. In recent years, many new species of Magnolia have been described in Mexico, each one classified by its category of risk. To achieve conservation, knowledge of their basic level of biological diversity is essential to design adequate conservation plans and avoid the negative consequences of genetic loss. Here, we implemented nuclear microsatellite markers to assess 13 populations of three new species of Magnolia that were all previously considered to be Magnolia pacifica. We aimed to evaluate the genetic agreement with the distinction of these three different morphological species (e.g., their species integrity) and to determine their levels of genetic diversity and their geographic distribution to propose conservation strategies. Results: We found high levels of genetic diversity compared to other Magnolia species with no sign of inbreeding. We found a small effective population size and a prevalence of bottlenecks in some populations. The patterns of genetic subdivision did not support the current morphological distinction of three different species. Instead, we suggest that the genetic structure pattern is the result of historical connectivity and the continuous natural fragmentation of the forest. Thus, an isolation by distance pattern may have had an important role in shaping allele frequencies, producing local genetic differences. Conclusions: We argue that a major threat underlies the actual trends of habitat loss, which can directly impact the loss of genetic diversity in the current adult individuals and consequently, increase the risk of extinction in further generations. For conservation purposes, we suggest combining in situ and ex situ conservation of populations with the maintenance of connectivity among the local populations.

scholarly journals Population Genetic Structure of Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Korea

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Nam ◽  
Park ◽  
Lee
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Aphis Gossypii Glover ◽  
Genetic Clusters

Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a serious polyphagous agricultural pest worldwide. In the present study, we used eight microsatellite markers to investigate the genetic structure and diversity of A. gossypii populations in Korea. Samples were collected from 37 locations in Korea (18 populations in 2016, 14 populations in 2017, and five populations in 2018) from pepper plants. A. gossypii had low to moderate genetic diversity, and expected heterozygosity (HE) ranged from 0.354 to 0.719. A Mantel test of isolation by distance indicated no relationship between genetic structure and geographic distance among all populations (r2 = 0.0004, p = 0.370), suggesting high gene flow among populations in Korea. Populations of A. gossypii in Korea were divided into two distinct genetic clusters (ΔK = 2). In 2016 and 2017, the genetic clusters changed into opposite genetic structures within one year mostly in northwest and southeast parts of Korea. Possible relevance of study results was discussed. Chemical control, cyclical parthenogenesis, and immigrants from the exterior might have resulted in this low genetic diversity and opposite genetic clusters.

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